History of Androscoggin County, Maine ..

LEWISTON CITY BUILDING, 1891.

HISTORY

OF

oir

Androscoggin County,

MAINE

(ILLUSTRATED )

"Out of monuiuents, names, words, proverbs, traditions, records,
fragments of stone, passages of books, and the like, we^
recover somewhat from the deluge of time." ■"■■^ " 'j';?C^>v

JAN 26 1892

w

GEORGIA DREW MERRILL, EDITOR.

W. A. FERGUSSON & CO.

BOSTON, MASS.

1891.

Copyright, 1891.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

JOURNAL PRESS, UEWISTON, ME.

FROM innumerable sources of information, — many of them broken, frag-
mentary, and imperfect, — from books, manuscripts, records, and private
documents, we have gathered much of value respecting this valley of
Androscoggin and its savage and civilized occupancy. In our labors we liave
endeavored to separate truth from error, fact from fiction, as they come down
to us from the half-forgotten days in legend, tradition and the annals of
the past.

We express our thanks to those who have willingly given of their time and
lab(jr to aid us ; to those who have contributed the illustrations, thereby adding
much to the value of this work; to those whose cheering words and earnest
assistance have ever been at our service ; and to those whose courtesy has been
extended to us during our sojourn in this most progressive of counties.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Chapter I i'

The County of Androscoggin. — Territory — Organization — Towns Included —
Name— Location and Area— Agriculture, Population, and Valuation— Manufactures and
Wealth— Census Statistics— Financial Condition from Organization— State Tax, 1890
and 1891.

Chapter II 22

Geology. — Rock Formations — Unstratified or Igneous Rocks— Stratified Rocks —
Formations in Maine— Age of Ice— Glacial Drift— Lower and Upper Till— Cliamplain
Period— Modified Drift— Surface Geology— Drift Period— Beach and Terrace Periods,
etc.— Montalban or White Mountain Formation— Tourmalines and Associate Minerals-
Pratt's Cave — Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc. *

Chapter III. 32

The Androscoggin River. — Williamson's Description — Piiysical and Geological
Features— Drainage District— Altitudes— Principal Tributaries in this County — Water-
Powers.

Chapter IV. 44

Aboriginal Tribes and History. — (By J. G. Elder).

Chapter V 49

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc.— The Cabots— Mary of Guilford— English Claims—
Norumbega— Bartholomew Gosnold and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims
and Occupancy — Captain Weymouth— Grants by James I— North Virginia— Plymouth
Company— Captain John Smith— New England— Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain
John Mason— Province of Maine— Laconia— First English Settlements— Kennebec and
Other Patents— Plymouth Council— The Twelve Grand Divisions— Resignation of Ply-
mouth Patent— William Gorges— New Patent of Maine— Gorgeana— Settlement under
Gorges — Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship.

Chapter VI. 56

The Pejepscot Claim (By J. G. Elder).— Thomas Purchase— Purchase and Way's
Patent— Assignment to Governor Winthrop— Richard Wharton— The Six Indian Saga-
mores' Deed — Pejepscot Proprietors— Definition of Territory.

Chapter VII 64

Early Settlements. — Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley — After the Revo-
lution—Population from 1780 to 1800 — Commencement of the Nineteenth Century —
Effects of the War of 1812— Severity of Climate— The Cold Year— Improvement in Con-
dition— Changes and Progress in Agriculture — Development and Change— Manufact-
uring.

vi Contents.

Chapter VIII 69

The Birds of Androscoggin County. — (By II. E. Walter).

Chapter IX 94

Mail Uodtes, Railroads, and Post-offices.— Early MailRoutes— Staging— Railroads-
Post-offices and Postmasters.

Chapter X. 105

Military Affairs.— Maine Regiments in the Civil War— The Soldiers of Androscoggin
Countj'— The Grand Army Posts and Associate Bodies.

Chapter XI 183

Bates College. — (By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D.). — Difficulties in Founding a
College in New England. Raison d'etre: Denominational Need — Co-education — Indigent
Students — Local Support— General Public. The Beginning of the College: The Maine State
Seminary— Organization of the College — Au Honored Name — Other Details — The Terms of
Admission — First Faculty — College and Seminary Separated — The Latin School — Cobb
Divinity School— Faculty — Courses of Study. Growth of the College — Storm and Stress —
Relief— Benefactors and Benefactions — The Equipment of the College — The Gymnasiixm —
The Libraries — The Cabinet — Instructors and Instruction — Characteristic Features: Co-edu-
cation— Open Societies — Needy Students Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside Lectures —
Morals and Religion— Interest of the Faculty in Students— The Alumni— Alumni Asso-
ciations.

Chapter XII 208

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies.

Chapter XIII 281

The Press of Androscoggin— County Medical Association — The Grange— Women's Chris-
tian Temperance Union.

Chapter XIV 300

National, State, and County Officers.— United States Senators— Representatives in
Congress— State Officers— Representatives to the Massachusetts Legislature— Members of
the Constitutional Convention of 1819— State Senators— Members of Maine Legislature-
Clerks of Court— County Attorneys— Sheriffs— Judges of Probate— Registers of Probate-
County Treasurers— County Commissioners— Registers of Deeds.

(Chapter XV 307

The Courts and Bench and Bar.— The Courts- Supreme Judicial Court— Probate
and Insolvent Courts— Court of County Commissioners— Auburn Municipal Court— Lew-
iston Municipal Court— County Buildings— The Little Family— Bench and Bar.

CITIES AND TOWNS.-EASTERN DIVISION.

LEWISTON.-(By J. G. Elder).
Chapter XVI 343

The Town. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc.— Conditions of
Grant— Pioneer Settlers— Incorporation— Growth— Civil List.

Contents. vii

Chapter XVII 357

Ecclesiastical History — Church Organizations — Schools.

Chapter XVIII 382

Saw and Grist Mills^Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co. — R. C. Pingree & Co. — Read,
Small & Co. — Barker's Mills — Other Mills — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co. — The First
Cotton Mill — Lewiston Water-Power Co. — Franklin Co. — Lincoln Mill— Bates Manufact-
uring Company — Hill Manufacturing Co. — Androscoggin Mill — Continental Mills— The
Lewiston Mill — Avon Mill — Lewiston Bleachery — Cowan Woolen Co. — Cumberland Mill —
Union Water-Power Co. — Lewiston Machine Co. — Gay- Woodman Co. — Jordan, Frost
& Co. — Lewiston Bobbin Shoii— H. H. Dickey & Son — Lewiston Monumental Works — Other
Manufactures.

Chapter XIX 395

Railroads — County and State Agricultural Societies — Fire Department — Lewiston Gas
Light Co.— Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association — Lewiston City Buildings —
City Park — Soldiers' Monument — Lewiston Water Works — Lewiston & Auburn Horse Rail-
road—First National Bank — Manufacturers National Bank — Androscoggin County Savings
Bank — People's Savings Bank^Board of Trade — Central Maine General Hospital — French
Hospital — Y. M. C. A. — Nealey Rifles — Frye Light Guards — Associations.

Chapter XX 406

Physicians — Merchants — Business Interests — Personal Sketches — Resume.

LISBON.— (By Asa P. Moore, Esq.).
Chapter XXI 433

Early Boundaries — Petitions — Town of Bowdoin — Incorporation of Thompsonborough —
Situation, Limits, and Formation — Surface and Soil — Description— Old Houses— Education —
Occupation of First Settlers — Early History — Other Settlers and Descendants — Early
Mills — War of 1812 — Physicians — First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough — School
Districts — Extracts from Town Records — Action in the Civil War — Civil List.

Chapter XXII 450

Religious Societies — Free Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — IVIethodists— Bap-
tist Church of Lisbon Falls — The Roman Catholic Church.

Chapter XXIII 456

Lisbon Business Interests — Traders, etc. — Farwell's Cotton Mills— The Farnsworth Co. —
New England Mineral Paint Co. — Personal Sketches — Lisbon Falls — Worumbo Manu-
facturing Co. — The Androscoggin Water-Power Co. — Lisbon Falls Fibre Co. — Lisbon Falls
Cooperative Association — Lisbon Falls Creamery Association — Merchants, etc. — Personal
Sketches.

WEBSTER.
Chapter XXIV 468

Incorporation — Elevations, Ponds, and Streams — Grants, Surveys, and Soil — Settlers —
Early Roads — Some First Things — Early Values — First Magistrates — Lawyers — Physicians —
Other Settlers and Descendants — First Town Meeting and Excerpts from Town Records —
Webster in the Civil War — Civil List.

viii Contents.

Chapter XXV 477

Sabattus — Saw and Grist Mills — Niles's Mills — Webster M^oolen Co. — Traders, etc.—
Sabattus CcxJperative Association— Webster Corner— Farmers— Churches— Schools.

WALES.— (By John C. Fogg, Esq.).

Chapter XXVI 485

Organization- Surface and Soil— Settlements and Settlers— Churches— Schools— Mills
and Manufactures— Civil List and Town Records— Action in the Kebellion.

GREENE.
Chapter XXVII 499

Area— Boundaries— Elevations— Ponds— Soil— Productions— The First Settlers— Petition
for Incorporation— Remonstrance Against Incorporation— Incorporation— Development of
Business— Pearly Conveyances— Valuation and Residents in 1818— Lots and Occupants in
1820— Gleanings from Town Records — Early Action Concerning Schools.

Chapter XXVIII 511

Settlers and Descendants.

Chapter XXIX 529

Baptist Church — First Meeting-House— First Church Bell — Universalism — Free Baptist
Church —Methodists — Adventists— Schools and Teachers — Temperance — Revolution — War
of 1812 — Madawaska War— Rebellion — Centennial— Longevity — Burying Grounds — Physi-
cians— Orcliardiiig and Orchardists— Merchants — Some Smart Things Done by Greene Men-
Natives of Greene Attaining Prominence — Civil List.

LEEDS.
Chapter XXX 550

Boundaries— Formation-Surface and Soil— Dead River— Its Peculiarities— Indian Vil-
lage—Thomas and Roger Stinchfield— Early Settlers— Heads of Families in the First Part
of this Century— Character of the Early Settlers— Soldiers of the Revolutionary War and
War of 1812— Early Roads.

Chapter XXXI 557

Excerpts from Town Records— First Town Meeting— First Officers— Action in the Civil
War— Civil List.

Chapter XXXII. 562

The First Baptist Church — Universalism — Methodism — The First Freewill Baptist
Church— The Quakers— Schools— Temperance— Mills— Other Industries— Sketches.

EAST LIVERMORE.— (By Cyrus Knapp, Esq.).

Chapter XXXIII 584

Incorporation— Topography— Li vermore Falls — Early Mills — Freshet— Early Business
Places and Residences— Advent of the Railroad— Hotels and Stores— Dr Millett and Lawyer
Knapp — Toll Bridge — Railroad Extension — Mills and Manufacturing — Churches — I. O.
G. T.— Camp-Ground— Physicians— Lawyers— Civil List— Personal Sketches.

Contents. ix

CITIES AND TOWNS-WESTERN DIVISION.

AUBURN.

Chapter XXXIV 599

Auburn— Indian Occupancy— Territory — Title— Surface— Soil— Early Settlers and Lots —
Incorporation— Action and Growth— Goff's Corner — Early Settlements— Stores and Trad-
ers— The Carpet Factory — First Teacher— First Hotel — Increase in Values— Business Houses
in 1851— Formation of Androscoggin County— The Great Fire— Auburn Village Corporation-
Auburn Village in 1859— East Auburn— West Auburn— North Auburn— Stevens Mills— New
Auburn.

Chapter XXXV 611

City of Auburn. — Its Growth and Prosperity — Extracts from Official Reports, etc. —
Statistics — Action in the Rebellion — Civil List.

Chapter XXXVI 027

Early Shoe Manufacturing— Progress from 1800 to 1870 — Manufacturers Twenty Years
Ago— Statistics from 1871 to 1881— Manufacturers Ten Years Ago— From 1881 to 1891— Shoe
and Other Manufactories, January, 1891 — The Shoe Companies — Other Manufacturing —
Minor Industries, etc.

Chapter XXXVII 642

Auburn Bank — First National Bank — Auburn Savings Bank — National Shoe and Leather
Bank — Mechanics Savings Bank — American Banking and Trust Co. — Auburn Trust Co. —
Municipal Court — Board of Trade — Maine Benefit Association — Auburn Loan and Building
Association — Androscoggin Land Association — Lake Auburn Fish Protective Association —
Auburn Aqueduct Co. — Little Androscoggin Water- Power Co. — Lewiston and Auburn
Electric Light Co. — Physicians — Leading Traders — Merchants and Business Men — Organ-
izations.

Chapter XXXVIIT 657

Universalist Churches — Congregational Churches — Baptist Churches — Free Baptist
Church — Methodist Episcopal Churches — Episcopal Church — Y. M. C. A. — Schools — Ladies'
Charitable Society — Auburn Art Club — Associated Charities — Public Library.

DANVILLE.— (By George Thomas Little).

Chapter XXXIX 691

Municipal Affairs — Civil List — Settlement and Social Life, etc. — Matters Ecclesiastical.

Chapter XL 703

Educational History and Lewiston Falls Academy — Biographical.

POLAND.
Chapter XLI 716

Bakerstown. — Grant of — First Location — Origin of Name — Proprietors of — "A Town-
ship Lost" — The New Grant — First Division of Lots — Action of Proprietors — Settlers and
Improvements in 1783— Petit'on of Settlers, 1785 — Bridgham & Glover Purchase — Liti-
gation— Final Settlement and Award to Little.

Contents.

Chapter XLII 725

Incorporation— Surface and Soil— Early Settlers— Hackett's Mills— Poland Corner— West
Poland— Early Traders, etc.— Early Taverns— South Poland— Poland Spring— Mechanic
Falls— Paper-Making— Poland Paper Company— Other Business Interests— Mechanic Falls
Ledger — Physicians, etc.

Chapter XLIII 7il

Congregational Churches— Universalist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Freewill
Baptist Churches— Adventism— Shakers— Baptist Church— Gleanings from Town Records-
Civil List.

MINOT.
Chapter XLIV 757

Incorporation — Boundaries — Name— Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valuation —
First Settler— Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants— Early and Other Settlers— Voters
of 1800.

Chapter XLV 768

Town Records, Happenings, etc. — Minot in the War— Civil List— Churches — Schools —
Physicians.

Chapter XLVI 779

Mechanic Falls — Minot Corner — West Minot — Some of Minot's Principal Farmers
from 1840.

DURHAM.

Chapter XLVII 791

Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface and Soil — Royalsborough — First Plantation
Meeting — Extracts from Plantation Records — Plantation Committees — Incorporation of
Durham — First Town Meeting — Extracts from Town Records — War of 1812 — Rebellion —
Civil List.

Chapter XLVIII 796

Prominent Early and Other Settlers — Congregational Church — First Free Baptist
Church — Quakers — Methodist Episcopal Church — Baptist Church — Universalists — Tem-
perance— Centennial — Growth and Prosperity — Hotels, Traders, etc.

TURNER.

Chapter XLIX 806

Boundaries— Township Granted— Sylvester-Cauada—Names of Proprietors— Descrip-
tion—Attempts at Settlement— Pioneer and Other Settlers— Inhabitants in 1780—1790—
1800 — Town Annals, etc.

Chapter L 815

County Roads and Taverns— Industries, Traders, etc.— Tu'uer Village— Turner Centre-
North Turner— Keen's Mills— Chase's Mills— Bridges— Civi,' List.

Contents. xi

Chapter LI 825

Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism — The Baptists — Universalism — Methodist Episcopal
Church — Meeting-Houses — Schools — Temperance — Physicians — Lawyers — Centennial —
Something About Some of the People.

LIVERMORE.

Chapter LII. 842

Situation— Soil — Incorporation — First Meeting and Names of Proprietors — Extracts from
Proprietors' Records— Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers — Early Boundaries —
What Paul Coffin Writes of the People — Other Settlers, etc.

Chapter LIII 856

Excerpts from Town Records— Early Mills— Early Traders and Tradesmen — Livermore
Village— North Livermore — Livermore Centre — Farmers — Revolutionary Soldiei's — Early
Militia — War of 1812 — Civil War — Ecclesiastical — Physicians and Lawyers — Education— The
Norlands — Washburn Memorial Library — Civil List.

Appendix — Knights of Pythias 873

ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHIES.

PAGE

Lewiston City Hall, 189L Frontispiece.

Hathorn Hall, 183

Cobb Divinity School, 191

Hedge Laboratory, 200

Edward Little, Esq 310

Hon. Josiah Little, 313

Hon. Edward T. Little, 315

Hon. Nahum Morrill, 320

Hon. W. W. Bolster, 322

Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., 327

Col. Franklin M. Drew, 330

Hon. Albert R. Savage, 334

The First City Hall of Lewiston 343

Hon. Alonzo Garcelon, A.M., M.D., 420

Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., A.M., LL.D 422

Oren B. Cheney, D.D 426

Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, 429

Cyrus I. Barker 432

xii Contents.

Hon. William D. Pennell 432 b

Hon. Augustus Sprague, 544

Gen. Aaron S. Daggett, 546

Capt. Jabez Pratt 548

Hon. Leavitt Lothrop, 576

Giddings Lane, 577

Isaac Boothby, Jr., 579

F. D. Millett, 580

Isaiah B. Additon, 582

Albion Ricker Millett, M.D., 596

Residence of Charles L. Cushman, 599

Court Street Factory of Ara Cushman Co., 634

Edwanl Little High School, G76

Ara Cushman, 684

Residence of Ara Cushman, 686

William W. Stetson, Ph.D., 688

Albert M. Penley 690a

Hon. Adna C. Denison, 754

Josiah A. Bucknam, 788

SOMETHING ABOUT SOME OF THE PEOPLE.

PAGE

Hon. James Lowell, 415

Col. John M. Frye, 415

Maj. William R. Frye 415

Edward P. Tobie 416

Capt. Daniel Holland, 416

John Read, Esq., 417

Hon. Jacob B, Ham, 417

Prof. Thomas H. Rich, A.M., 418

I!enj. E. Bates, 428

Arcliie Lee Talbot, 432 c

Hon. Jesse Davis 458

James Maxwell 473

Samuel Simmons 473

Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.D., 5J8

Rev. Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D., 52o

Contents. xiii

Hon. Elijah Barrell 524

Alfred Pierce, M.D. 525

The Howards, 572

Rev. Samuel Boothby, 575

Capt. Ezekiel Treat 597

Jacob H. Roak 628

Rev. James Drummond, 664

Rev. A. S. Ladd, _ 672

James Goff, 679

Daniel Briggs, 679

John Dingley, (iSO

Nathan Haskell, 681

Capt. Aaron Bird, 681

Col. Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, 681

David R. Loring, 682

Col. Thomas Llttlefield, 683

Andrevr Robinson Giddinge, 713

Capt. John Penley 715

Hon. Josiah Dunn, 727

Daniel W. True 730

The Rickers, 735

Dr. Moses R. Pulsifer, 740

Rev. Zenas Thompson 745

Luther Perkins, 756

Capt. Daniel Bucknam, 758

Samuel Verrill, 762

Capt. William Ladd 763

Eliab Washburn 764

Capt. Jacob Dwinal, • . . . . 781

Gideon Bearce, 787

Jacob Leavitt, *8t58^

Ichabod Bonney 810

Benjamin Conant, 812

Rev. Charles Turner, .825

Col. William Turner 825

Rev. John Strickland 826

Rev. William E. French, A.M., D.D., 830

Rev. Madison K. Mabry, 831

Ezekiel Bradford, 835

Major General Alden Blossom, 836

xiv Contents.

David Hale, 836

Hon. Eugene Hale, 836

Hon. Job Prince 837

Hon. Rufus Prince, 837

Solon Chase 838

Hon. Jesse Drew, . 840

Deacon Elijah Livermore, 845

Lieut. Samuel Benjamin, 845

Gen. David Learned, 847

The Monroe Brothers, 849

Hastings Strickland 850

Nathaniel Perley 852

The Washburns 853

Dr. Cyrus Hamlin 868

Dr. Benjamin Bradford, 868

Hon. Timothy O. Howe, 869

HISTORY

OF

ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY,

MAINE,

CHAPTER I.

THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN.

Territory — Organization — Towns Included— Name^Location and Area — Agriculture,
Population, and Valuation — Manufactures and Wealth — Census Statistics — Financial Con-
dition from Organization — State Tax, 1890 and 1891.

THE territory of Androscoggin county was comprised first in York county.
Cumberland and Lincoln counties were formed June 19, 1760, the
boundary between them being the Androscoggin river "north of where
it enters the county as now bounded on the south." Kennebec county was
organized from the northern part of Lincoln, February 20, 1799, with East
Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales in its limits. Oxford county was
created March 4, 1805, from the northern part of Cumberland and York, and
Livermore and Turner were incorporated with it. When Androscoggin county
was organized, March 18, 1854, it acquired its territory from Cumberland,
Kennebec, Oxford, and Lincoln counties. Auburn, Danville, Durham, Minot,
and Poland were taken from Cumberland; East Livermore, Greene, Leeds,
and Wales from Kennebec; Lewiston, Lisbon, and Webster from Lincoln;
Livermore and Turner from Oxford. Many of these towns have had a cor-
porate existence for years, some of them antedating the Revolution. The
name of the principal river of the county was appropriately given to the new
organization. 1

1 Androscoggin, acco'-aug to one authority, comes from the Algonquin Am-a-ra-skah-gin, the

turbi'l -j^-jaKrAing, crooked nake. This later became Amerascoggin, Amoscoggin, and Androscoggin.

Captain John Smith in l(i}.called the river Aumouchawgan. Another authority derives Amoscoggin

18 History of Androscoggin County.

Androscoggin county lies between 43° 50' and 44° 30' north latitude, and
69° 45' and 70° 30' longitude west of Greenwich. It is irregular in form, has
its greatest lengtli from north to south, and occupies an area of about four
hundred square miles. The Androscoggin river flows through the county
in a southerly direction, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and with
its tributaries affords magnificent water-power for manufacturing purposes.
Originally the surface of the county was covered with a mighty growth of
pine and other valuable timber, and lumbering was the piincipal employment.
As the forests disappeared agriculture became the business of the people, and,
as the soil was unsurpassed in the southern half of the state, prosperity
attended their labors. The development of the water-powers and the attrac-
tion of capital to manufacturing enterprises has caused an outlay of millions
of dollars in these industries in the last forty years, and many more people and
much more capital is employed in manufactures than in all other branches of
business. In consequence of this development the growth has been rapid.
In 1860 the county had 29,715 inhabitants; in 1870, 35,826; in 1880, 44,967
in 1890, 48,968.

Population and Valuation hif Towns. — 1850. Auburn, population, 2,840
valuation, $400,605. Danville, 1,636; $308,715. Durham, 1,894; $376,358
East Livermore, 892; $150,035. Greene, 1,347; $220,984. Leeds, 1,652
$225,330. Lewiston, 3,854 ; $580,420. Lisbon, 1,494 ; $263,167. Livermore
1,764; $271,634. Minot, 1,734 ; $297,184. Poland, 2,660 ; $333,108. Wales
612; $111,632. Webster, 1,110; $194,439. Total population, 25,746 ; valua-
tion, $4,152,503.

1860. Auburn, 5,344; $1,224,070. Durham, 1,620; $459,376. East
Livermore, 1,029; $301,702. Greene, 1,224; $338,402. Lewiston, 7,424;
$2,426,374. Lisbon, 1,376; $404,016. Leeds, 1,390; $333,035. Livermore,
1,597; $430,779. Minot, 1,799; $546,581. Poland, 2,746 ; $517,671. Turner,
2,682; $748,218. Wales, 602; $188,642. Webster, 890; $312,015.

1870. Auburn, 6,169; $2,918,101. Durham, 1,350; $482,861. East
Livermore, 1,004; $388,680. Greene, 1,094; $439,629. Lewiston, 13,000;
$8,813,629. Lisbon, 2,014; $741,092. Leeds, 1,288; $456,348. Livermore,
1,467; $524,267. Minot, 1,569; i!610,511. Poland, 2,436 ; $765,960. Turner,
2,380; $815,684. Wales, 556; $229,359. Webster, 939; $406,434.

1880. Auburn, 9,555; $5,099,446. Durham, 1,253 ; $422,724. East Liver-
more, 1,080; $344,092. Greene, 999; $394,260. Lewiston, 19,083; $9,521,103.
Lisbon, 2,641; $1,115,760. Leeds, 1,194; $415,486. Livermore, 1,262; $430,-
709. Minot, 1,763; $720,549. Poland, 2,442; $920,057. Turner, 2,285;
$748,856. Wales, 505; $198,578. Webster, 980; $445,353.

from Jiamura, fish; kank-skow-he-fjan, spearing— fish spearing. Others stil -^ay Amoscoggin means
"fish coming in the spring." The name of the river, Androscoggin, was "-^ ^Pplied i^'oneAfl^a-
gunticook Indians, wliose headquarters at tliat time was in this valley.

The County of Androscoggin. 19

1890. Auburn, 11,250; $6,195,750. Durham, 1,111; $378,240. East
Livermore, 1,506 ; $498,740. Greene, 885 ; $329,583. Leeds, 999 ; $331,006.
Lewiston, 21,701 ; $12,144,494. Lisbon, 3,120 ; $1,^36,411. Livermore, 1,151 ;
$458,925. Minot, 1,355; $752,146. Poland, 2,472; $1,133,890. Turner, 2,016 ;

$764,215. Wales, 488; $206,570. Webster, 914 -; $432,447.

The number of manufacturing establishments in 1880 was 253, having a
capital of $12,009,562 and employing an average of 10,214 hands, aud with an
annual product of $14,789,963, while the assessed valuation of the real estate
of the county was but $17,265,353, which, with $3,511,620 valuation of personal
property, makes the total valuation $20,776,973, not quite one and one-half
times the annual output of the manufactories.

In 1880 Androscoggin county had 2,981 farms with 244,781 acres of land,
of which 159,937 acres were improved, 69,900 acres in woodland and forest,
and 14,934 acres were unimproved. The aggregate value of these farms was
$6,119,332, including land, fences, and buildings ; of farming implements and
machinery, $286,974 ; live stock, $703,680 ; estimated value of farm products,
$1,207,634. Tliese farms yielded, according to the census of 1880, 9,057
bushels of barley, 2,074 bushels of buckwheat, 79,778 bushels of Indian corn,
99,523 bushels of oats,' 1,152 bushels of rye, 14,795 bushels of wheat, 245,696
bushels of potatoes, 65,297 pounds of wool, 4,529 pounds of hops, 9,091 bushels
of beans, 50,574 tons of hay, 354,274 dozens of eggs, 3,368 pounds of honey,
519,163 gallons of milk, 776,062 pounds of butter, 149,069 pounds of cheese,
and $95,188 in orchard products. The live stock numbered 4,236 horses,
1,869 working oxen, 8,733 milch cows, 5,907 other cattle, 13,160 sheep, and
5,191 swine.

The financial condition of the county, as given by the annual statement of
the county treasurer, is here presented.

In 1854 the receipts were $5,782.50 ($2,000 a loan from Cumberland
Bank). The expenses were $3,679.25. In 1855 $8,000 taxes were assessed
on towns; licenses granted, $120; fines and costs collected, $554.60; jury
fees, $126 ; lawyers' admission fees, $40. The bills allowed this year included
October term (1854), $187.25; April term (1855), $873.74; October term
(1855), $3,348.75. The sheriff's bills were $502.25 ; jury fees, $2,443.31 ; con-
stables' fees, $147. The county paid the loan of $2,000 made in 1854 and
borrowed $3,227.75. 1856. — Taxes assessed, $10,000 ; licenses granted, $100 ;
county fines and costs, $274; fines by magistrates, $86.71; jury fees, $91;
attorneys' admission, fees, $100. The county commissioners issued bonds of
$80,000, bearing six per cent, interest, to cover cost of erecting the county
buildings. 1857. — Liabilities: Temporary loans, $7,121.61 ; allowances by the
several courts unpaid, $2,951.46 ; balance due treasurer on settlement, $457.80;
bonds sold, $87,300. Resourees: Unpaid taxes, $4,923.31; unsold bonds,

20 History of Androscoggin County.

$2,253.18; due from state, 1815.60. 1SF>S.—Liahimes: Bonds, $100,000;
loans, $5,075; allowances by court unpaid, $1,228.55. Resources: Cash,
11,386.45; unpaid taxes, $4,957.05. 1859.— Liahaifies: Bonds, $100,000;
loans, $3,000 ; court allowances, $1,729.14. Resources : Cash, $1,645.14 ; taxes,
$3,260.89. 18m.— Liabilities: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $2,600; court allow-
ances, $956.58. Resources: Cash, $1,405.75; unpaid taxes, $2,646.24.

imi.—LiahlUties: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $4,125; court allowances,
$935.95. Resources: Unpaid taxes, $1,983.80 ; cash, $937.31. 18Q2.—LiaUli-
ties: Bonds, $99,000 ; loans, $5,095 ; court allowances, $1,115.98. Resources:
Taxes, $2,673.30; cash, $2,284. 186S.—LiahiUties: Bonds, $97,500; loans,
$6,475; court allowances, $1,657.69. Resources: Taxes, $3,871.01; cash,
$2,085.01. 1864:.—LiaMlities: Bonds, $96,100 ; loans, $9,810 ; bills, $951.93.
Resources: Taxes, $6,856.88; cash, $3,721.12. 186b.—LiahiUties: Bonds
(county buildings), $94,600; bonds (for purchase of toll-bridge), $7,500;
loans, $1,327. Resources: Taxes, $1,347.18 ; cash, $4,313.22. 186Q.— Liabili-
ties: Bonds (county buildings), $93,000 ; toll-bridge, $6,200 ; loans, $1,932.96 ;
bills, $2,329.16. Resources: Taxes, $2,957.85; cash, $245.93 ; due (from sale
of toll-house and lot), $600. 1867. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings),
$91,300; toll-bridge bonds, $4,850; loans, $12,039.27; bills, $3,783.38. Re-
sources: Taxes, $3,626.30; cash, $1,269.90; due (from sale of toll-house and
lot), $450; rent due, $60. 1868. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings),
$89,500; bonds for toll-bridge, $3,750; loans and interest, $8,704.81 ; claims
and salaries, $2,981.33. Resources: Cash, $274.39; due (from sale of toll-
house and lot), $317.25; rent, $60. 18Q9.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build-
ings), $87,600 ; toll-bridge, $2,100; loans and estimated interest, $400; bills
and salaries, $2,459.73., Resources: Cash, $1,058.68; due (on toll-house),
$149.25. 1810.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $85,600; loans and
interest, $21,928.73; claims and salaries, $895.37. Resources: $1,671.55.

1871. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $83,500; loans and interest,
$12,596.11; claims and salaries, $990.02. Resources: Taxes, $54.39; cash,
$416.56. 1812.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), $81,300; loans and
interest, $2,306.11: claims and salaries, $893.60. Resources: Cash, $2,623.41.
1873. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $79,000; loans and interest,
$3,938.52; claims and salaries, $1,605.50. Resources: Cash, $126.08; due
(from Auburn and Lewiston Ixailroad), $54.80. 1874. — Liabilities: Bonds
(county buildings), $76,600 ; loans and interest, $10,699.44 ; fees and salaries,
$1,900.64. Resources: Cash, $176.22; due (from labor of prisoners), $360.
1875. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $74,100; loans and hiterest,
$32,331; fees and salaries, $2,898.73. Resources: Cash, $6,027.57; due (from
other counties), $367.42; other debts, $170.90; stock, shoes, tools, and
machinery in workshop, $7,544.06. 181 Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build-
ings), $71,500; loans and interest, $33,052; fees and salaries, $4,705.66.

The County of Androscoggin. 21

Resources: Cash, 11,986.50; stock, shoes, tools, and machinery, 19,598.51;
due (from stock and shoes sold), -1903.55. 1877. — .LiabiUties: Bonds (county
buildings), 168,800 ; loans and interest, -134,263.35 ; fees and salaries,
-f 2,478.48. Resources: Cash, -'$1,761.85; taxes, -1517.80 ; stock, tools, machinery,
etc., -|>6,300; due (for goods sold), -f 279.48. 1818.— LiabiUties: Bonds (county
buildings), -|>66,000 ; loans and interest, -f 37,963.54 ; fees and salaries, -11,184.20.
Resources: Cash, -11,417.46; taxes, -1767.72; stock, machinery, etc., -15,724.28;
due (for goods sold), -1651.83. 1879. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings),
-163,100 ; five per cent, bonds (1879), -140,000 ; fees and salaries, $1,362.39.
Resources : Cash, -16,994.76 ; taxes, -1263.70 ; stock, machinery, etc., -f4,352.93 ;
due (for goods sold), -t622.97. 1880.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings),
160,100; bonds of 1879, -140,000; fees and salaries, 1824.18. Resources:
Cash, -t7,522.11; stock, machinery, etc., $2,424.09; goods sold, -1412.34;
taxes, -fl,318.70.

1881.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 157,000; bonds of 1879,
-$40,000; fees, salaries, etc., -$934.92. Resources: Cash, $10,643.61; stock,
machinery, etc., $2,881.81 ; goods sold, -$405.29 ; taxes, $900. 1882.— Liabili-
ties: Bonds (county buildings), -$53,800; bonds of 1879, $40,000; fees,
salaries, etc., -$1,270.64. Resources: Cash, -$12,048.69 ; stock, machinery, etc.,
$2,248.24; due (for goods sold), -$37.77; taxes, .$5,856.16. 188^.— Liabilities :
Bonds (county buildings), $50,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, salaries,
etc., -$1,051.12. Resources : Cash, $20,532.67 ; stock, machinery, etc., $2,733.40 ;
taxes, -$420.37. 1884:.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), -$47,100; bonds
of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., -$2,391.56. Resources: Cash, -$20,302; stock,
machinery, etc., $2,054.23 ; taxes, $753.29 ; due (from other counties), $372.48.
1885. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$43,600; bonds of 1879,
-$40,000; fees and coupons, $1,192.51. Resources: Cash, $22,890.70; tools,
machinery, etc., -$500; taxes, $1,151.44; due (from other counties), $99.32.
188Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$40,000; bonds of 1879,
-$40,000; fees unpaid, $896.03; coupons unpaid, -$134.50. Resources: Cash,
$25,159.30 ; machinery, etc., $700 ; taxes, -$503.66 ; due (from other counties
and for rent), $296.08. 1881 .—Liahilities : Bonds (county buildings), $36,300;
bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., $1,862.54; coupons, -$368. Resources:
Cash, -$18,511.18; stock, machinery, etc., $8,355.87; taxes, $927.58; due (from
other counties), -$164.49. 1888. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings),
-$32,400 ; bonds of 1879, -$40,000 ; coupons, $226 ; fees, -$412.11 ; bills, $114.83 ;
workshop expenses due, $91.40. Resources: Cash, $22,569.44; machinery,
stock, etc., $1,889.48 ; due (for goods sold), $600.56 ; due (from other counties),
$83.40; rent of workshop, -$40. 1889.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings,)
-$28,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; coupons, -$111.50; fees, bills, etc., -$559.54.
Resources: Cash, $29,863; machinery, accounts, etc., $1,347.98; due (from
other counties), $337.05 ; taxes, $300 ; forfeited fees, $104.76. 189().—Liabili-

22 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County.

ties: Bonds (county buildings), 124,500; bonds of 1879 issue, 140,000; fees
and bills, •ii?679.94. RemurceH: Cash in treasury, -f!30,129.13; tools and
machinery, *700; due from other counties, '1465.45; forfeited fees, 168.68.
The balance against the county December 31, 1889, was *37,217.56 ; Decem-
ber 31, 1890, ■1:^33,816.68, showing a reduction of the county debt in 1890
amounting to 't3,400.88.

The state tax for the towns of the county for 1890 and 1891 is here
given : —

^ 1890. 1891.

Auburn, $11,496.9.5 $17,067.34

Durham, 954.49 1,043.18

East Livermore, 776.89 1,370.20

Greene, 889.88 908.92

Leeds, 938.24 913.09

Lewiston, 21,457.00 33,447.36

Lisbon, 2,517.23 4,.508.59

Livermore, 973.07 1,265.80

Minot, 1,625.97 2,072.69

Poland, 2,077.27 3,123.24

Turner, 1,695.52 2,107.86

Wales, 448.15 569.65

Webster, 1,004.65 1,191.82

$46,85 L31 $69,589.74

CHAPTER II.

GEOLOGY.

Rock Formations — Unstratilied or Igneous Rocks -^Stratified Rocks — Formations in
Maine — Age of Ice — Glacial Drift — Lower and Upper Till — Champlain Period — Modi-
fled Drift — Surface Geology —Drift Period — Beacb and Terrace Periods, etc. — Montalbau
or White Mountain Formation — Tourmalines and Associate Minerals — Pratt's Cave —
Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc.

Tt CCORDING to geology the earth was formerly a mass of molten matter
LI like lava, assuming its present shape while in this plastic form. The
JL -L intense cold of the ethereal space through which it revolved cooled the
surface, and a crust formed, which, as soon as it was thick enough for water
to accumulate upon it, was worn away by its action in the higher portions and
the detritus deposited in the lowest.

This original mass and all igneous rocks are called unstratified. The rocks
formed by the deposition of the worn fragments of the original surface are

Geology. 23

called stratified, because arranged in layers like a pile of boards. Clay, sand,
gravel, and the calcareous deposits of mineral springs are the origin of most
of the stratified rocks. These become consolidated into slates, sandstones,
conglomerates, and limestones, the newer rocks being less compact and more
easily crumbled than the older ones.

Those formed under similar circumstances in the same geological period are
called a fonnation. Some great force has been working for ages steadily
pushing these originally horizontal formations into great curves, tipping them
up at various angles, some layers even standing vertically.

Unstratified or Igneous Rocks. — These are divided into three groups:
Granitic, Trappean, Volcanic. The first contains granite, sienite, and proto-
gine ; the second porphyry, greenstone, amygdaloid, etc. ; the third basalt,
trachite, pumice, tufa, and kindred volcanic productions.

Stratified Rocks. — These have two divisions, Unfossiliferous and Fossil-
iferous. The unfossiliferous are the oldest rocks and are of great thickness,
though not so thick as the miles of fossiliferous rocks overlying them. They
are Azoic (without life) and classed as Laurent ian. The fossiliferous rocks
form three great systems: Paleozoic, containing the oldest forms of life;
Mesozoic, bearing the types of the middle periods of life ; Cainozoic, with
recent forms or fossils. The Paleozoic has six divisions : Permian^ Carbon-
iferous, Devonian (Old Red Sandstone), Upper Silurian, Lower Silurian,
Cambrian (Huronian). The Mesozoic has Cretaceous rocks with green sand ;
Oolites or Jurassic, etc. ; Triassic (New Red Sandstone). The Cainozoic rocks
include all Alluvium (with drift) and Tertiary formations.

Rock Formations in Maine. — They are both metainorpliic (i.e., changed
from the original sandstones, shales, conglomerates, and limestones by the
action of lieat, water, and chemical forces into other kinds of rock than their
first character) a,nd fossiliferous. These metamorphic stratified rocks occur:
gneiss, mica schist, talcose schist, steatite, and serpentine, saccharoid azoic
limestone, clay slate, quartz, and conglomerates, jasper, siliceous slate, and
hornstone. The unstratified rocks are mostly granite, sienite, protogine,
porphyry, trap or greenstone, and eurite. The fossiliferous rocks are Paleozoic,
except some marine alluvial deposits, and represent the Lower Silurian, Upper
Silurian, Devonian, and Drift and Alluvium groups.

Professor C. H. Hitchcock gives, as his present arrangement of the forma-
tions in Maine : (1) Champlain clays (tertiary) ; (2) Glacial drift (till) ; (3)
Lower Carboniferous or Upper Devonian ; (4) Lower Devonian (Oriskany
group) ; (5) Upper Silurian ; (6) Silurian and Cambrian clay slates ; (7)
Cambrian and Huronian with Taconic ; (8) Montalban ; (9) Laurentian ;
(10) Granite ; (11) Trap and altered slates.

The Age of Ice. — It is, perhaps, desirable to devote some space in this
volume to the Age of Ice, as in this period and those immediately following

24 History of Androscoggin County.

when the colossal ice-sheet, which was so thick that the tops of Mounts
Washington and Katahclin were deeply covered, was removed, the surface,
soil, and water-courses of the county were formed, the lakes established in
their boundaries, and the conditions necessary to civilized occupancy were
arranged and prepared.

The indications of a glacial period are probably as well shown in this
section of New England as anywhere in the world. Underlying the modified
drift are often found masses of earth and rocks mingled confusedly together,
having neither stratification nor any appearance of having been deposited in
water. These are the filarial drift, or till. This drift frequently covers the
slopes, and even the summits, of the highest mountains, as well as the lesser
elevations. It contains bowlders of all sizes, up to thirty feet in diameter,
which have nearly all been carried southward from their native ledges, and
can be traced, in some instances, for a hundred miles, southward or south-
eastward. Wherever till occurs, the ledges have mostly been worn to a
rounded form, and, if the rock be hard, it is covered with long scratches, or
Htrice, in the direction of the course taken by the bowlders. Geology now
refers these to a moving ice-sheet which spread over this continent from the
north, and, as before stated, was of sufficient thickness to cover even Mount
Washington. This ice-sheet was so much thicker at the north than in this
latitude that its great weight pressed the ice steadily onward and outward to
the south-southeast. The termination of this ice-sheet in the Atlantic, south-
east of New England, was probably like the great ice-wall of the Antarctic
continent, along which Sir J. C. Ross sailed 450 miles, finding only one point
low enough to allow the smooth white plain of the upper surface to be seen
from the mast-head. This extended, apparently boundless, and was of dazzling
wliiteness.

There was a long, continuous period of glacial action, with times of retreat
and advance, but never a complete departure and return of a continental
ice-sheet. The motion of this ice, being caused by its own weight, must have
been slow indeed. Over the highlands between the St Lawrence river and
Hudson bay the ice^sheet was three or four miles in thickness ; over Greenland
much thicker, and over Maine it reached nearly or quite to the line of per-
petual snow. The till, or coarse glacial drift, was made by the long-continued
wearing and grinding of the ice-sheet. As this slowly advanced, fragments
were torn from the ledges, held in the bottom of the ice, and worn by friction
upon the surface over wliich it moved. This material, crushed beneath the ice
into minute fragments or fine powder, is called the Lower Till. While the
lower till was being made under the ice, large quantities of coarse and fine
matter were swept away from hill-slopes and mountain-sides, and carried
forward in tlie ice. As this melted, much of this matter fell loosely on the
surface, forming an unstratified deposit of gravel, earth, and bowlders. This

Geology. 25

deposit geologists call the Upper Till. Usually this is found above the lower
till, the line of separation being at a distance of from two to twenty feet.
The departure of the ice-sheet was attended by a rapid deposition of the
abundant materials therein contained. The retreat of the ice-sheet was toward
the northwest and north, and it is probable that its final melting took place
mostly on the surface, so that, at the last, great amounts of its deposits were
exposed to the washing of many streams. The finer particles were generally
carried away, and the strong current of the glacial rivers transported coarse
gravel and bowlders of considerable size.

When these streams entered the valley from which the ice had retreated,
or their currents were slackened by less rapid descent, a deposition took place,
where the channel was still walled by ice, in succession of coarse gravel, fine
gravel, sand, and fine silt or clay. These deposits filled the valleys, and
increased in depth in the same way that additions are now made to the bottom-
lands or intervals of our large rivers by the floods of spring. They are called
Modified Drift and geology gives this name to the period from the departure
of the ice-sheet to the present. This modified drift comprises the intervals
which are annually overflowed, and the successive terraces which rise in steps
upon the sides of the valleys, the highest often forming extensive plains. Dr
Dana has given the name of Champlain Period to the time of the deposition of
the modified drift during the melting of the ice-sheet. During the Champlain
period, the ice became molded upon the surface, by the process of destruction,
into great basins or valleys ; at the last, the passages through which the
melting waters passed off came gradually to coincide with the depressions of
the present surface.

These lowest and warmest portions of the land were first freed from the
ice ; and, as the melted area slowly extended into the continental glacier, its
vast floods found their outlet at the head of the existing valley. In these
channels were deposited materials gathered by the streams from the melting
glacier. By the low water of winter, layers of sand were formed, and by the
strong currents of summer, layers of gravel, often very coarse. These layers
are irregularly bedded, here sand, and there gravel, accumulating, and
interstratified without much order with each other.

These, the oldest of our deposits of modified drift, are long ridges, or
intermixed short ridges and mounds, composed of very coarse water-worn
gravel, or of alternate gravel and sand irregularly bedded. Wherever the
ordinary fine alluvium occurs, it overlies or partly covers these deposits. The
geological name for these is Karnes.

The extensive level plains and high terraces bordering the riverg were
also deposited in the Champlain period, as the open valleys became gradually
filled with great depths of gravel, sand, and clay (alluvium), which were
brought down by the glacier rivers from the melting ice-sheet, or washed from

2G History of Androscoggin County.

the till after the ice had retreated, and which were deposited in the same way
as those made by high floods at the present day. Daring the recent or terrace
period, the rivers have cut deep and wide channels in this alluvium, and the
terraces mark heights at which, in their work of erosion, they have left portions
of their successive flood-plains.

Modified drift in Maine occurs in the form of moraine terraces, horsebacks,
sea-beaches, sea-bottoms, marine clays, and terraces. Moraine terraces are
generally accumulations of gravel, bowlders, and sand, often arranged in
heaps and hollows, or conical and irregular elevations with corresponding
depressions. They somewhat resemble the moraines of glaciers, but differ
from them in their stratification and existence in localities where glaciers
could not have formed them. They derive their name from their aflinity
with both moraines and terraces. Moraine terraces are not numerous in this
state, tlieir place in most cases being taken b}^ the horsebacks, a curious class
of alluvial ridges, here found in numbers, while they scarcely occur out of the
state. They are narrow ridges of coarse gravel and sand, from thirty to forty
feet high, with sometimes an undulating summit and with the ends of nearly
the same elevation. They exist in a level country almost invariably, although
the road from Poland Springs to Mechanic Falls appears to [)ass along the top
of one for some distance.

Surface Geology. — Professor C. H. Hitchcock says that probably since
the tertiary period the whole of Maine, and with it all the northern part of
North America, has been depressed under the ocean at least as high as the
top of Mount Katahdin, or five thousand feet lower than it is now. Subse-
quently the continent rose gradually to its present altitude, and while the
country was being drained deposits were produced. Drift was principally
formed by icebergs and glaciers conjoined when the continent was sinking
and rising again. The forms of modified drift were produced largely by the
aid of rivers and currents.

The Drift Period. — When the continent was submerged, northerly currents
brought icebergs over its northern portions, wliich greatly lowered the temper-
ature, and glaciers would form on mountains comparatively low, reaching to
the ocean, as now in the Arctic Zone. The enormous icebergs, moving
southerly, would grate powerfully upon the bottom of the sea, smoothing,
scratching, and breaking off fragments from the prominent hills and ledges
beneath, and leave a stoss and lee side upon them. When the continent was
at its lowest dfepth, only one or two small islands would remain. During this
submergence only icebergs could act upon the rocks; when the mountains
appeared again glaciers would renew their wearing action, the water, also,
would begin to wear off fragments from rough ledges and partially sort the
materials collected. It is conceivable that when the continent was partly
under water an unusual direction might be given to certain icebergs crowded

Geology. 27

into narrow valleys, and thus produce unusual courses of striae. During this
process, every part of the surface must have had a thorough washing, and few
animals could have lived in this cold period.

The Beach Period. — We suppose this period to commence with the formation
of the highest beaches, or when the continent was 2,600 feet higher than now.
The beaches would be formed as now upon the coast, at different levels, as the
waters receded. This was the period when the moraine terraces and horsebacks
were produced ; the former may have been formed by the accumulation of
matter around masses of stranded ice ; when the ice melted, large hollows
would occupy its place, and it would be a considerable time before it melted,
as the sand and gravel often acts as a natural refrigerator. We even suppose
that some of the ice of the drift period yet remains in certain deposits, in the
vicinity of the frozen wells that are considered such curiosities. In Lewiston
the evidence of a sea-beach exists two hundred feet above present tide-water.

Tlie Terrace Period. — This commenced with the existence of rivers or
currents of water in long estuaries. These currents accumulate materials
principally along the sides of the valleys or fill them up entirely. Tides and
currents would assist the rivers, and at length the top of the deposits would be
at the surface, and no more matter could be added. The same agency must
then deposit the detritus below the first accumulations, which will soon appear
as lateral terraces. The country continuing to rise, a second and third terrace
will appear, and so on as long as the same agencies act. The delta terraces
being at the mouths of rivers, are composed of the materials brouglit down by
the current ; when the mass has risen above the water, the river continuing to
run must cut through it, and leave a terrace upon each side of its course. The
principal phenomena of terraces is explained by the simple drainage of a
country as it rises out of the water. We have often thought that a large part
of Maine had not completed its terrace period, since the terraces are scarce and
the lakes numerous. As soon as the lakes are drained, terraces appear ; some-
times this is done suddenly by the bursting of a barrier — a dam for instance.
During the terrace period, life, both terrestrial and marine, was abundant on
the continent. To this period we refer the marine clays of the coast, and the
fossil elephants and horses of the interior; though both classes lived in the
historic period and are not entirely extinct. The historic period is the time
when the country had attained essentially its present altitude. All the agencies
that produced drift are still in operation, and both modified and unmodified
deposits of drift are now being effected ; the agencies forming these two classes
of deposits have run parallel to each other from the first. Man has existed on
the earth a comparatively short time of the alluvial period. Researches in
Europe show that the extinct mammals of the alluvium were contemporary
with the earliest generations of man.

Fossils in the Marine Clays. — Foraminifera are almost at the lowest end
of the animal kingdom. The portion preserved are the shells, often divided

28 History of Androscoggin County.

into delicate chambers. A deposit of the shells of these animals was found
in the Atlantic ocean, on the bottom, several thousand feet from the surface.
The beds containing these shells in the clay lie at the bottom of the marine
deposits. A fossil star-fish and various shells have been found at Lewiston.
They were taken from a sandy layer one hundred feet above Androscoggin
river and two hundred feet above the ocean. They came from ten feet below
the surface ; of these ten feet, eight were of clay, the rest being sandy.

Alluvial terraces are those banks of loose materials, generally unconsolidated,
which skirt the sides of the valleys about rivers, ponds, and lakes, and rise
above one another like the seats of an amphitheater. Lateral terraces are the
most common and are parallel to the valley, and often continue for miles along
its sides. Delta terraces are the accumulations which have been formed at the
mouths of streams, whether the junction of a tributary with the main stream
or the meeting of the river and lake or ocean. They are seen only where
the land has risen since their deposition. Terraces are not abundant in Maine,
but all the large rivers have more or less, and they are often used for the sites
of villages and fine residences. They are well developed in Auburn, Berwick,
Brunswick, Waterville, and Lewiston.

On Professor Hitchcock's "Geological Map of Maine" the territory of
Androscoggin county is practically all represented in the Montalban formation,
with a little section of granite delineated on the northern border. Professor
Hitchcock says:^ "Beneath the Huronian are large areas of gneiss, whose age
has been warmly discussed by American geologists, and are now referred to
three Laureutian divisions, lower, middle, upper. I have offered the theory
that these oval patches of coarse porphyritic, granitic gneiss represent the very
beginnings of the continent; that these islands projected slightly out of the
original primal universal ocean, and were of eruptive origin, the first ejections
of melted matter upon a newly formed crust. Over twenty of these islands
have been recognized in New Hampshire, and many will be discovered in
Maine as soon as her crystallines are carefully examined. These gneissic
masses possess a concentric structure just like modern volcanic piles, but the
superior elevation of the original cone may be lost through denudation and
the subsequent accumulation of detritus upon their flanks. To the middle
division are properly referred much of the gneiss area in the western part of
the state, and the schists, south of the Huronian, between Portland and the
Penobscot river." Enumerating seven other areas he goes on: "In these
areas occur the following minerals: red and green tourmaline, lepidolite,
cassiterite or tin ore, amblygonite, cancrinite, sodalite, beryl, mispickel,
corundum, immense sheets of muscovite mica, and many others not so
characteristic. I proposed the name ' White Mountain series,' in 1869, for all
tliese ancient crystallines of the Atlantic district. Latterly it seems convenient

J Colby's Atlas of the State of Maine. Colby & Stuart. Houlton, Me.

Geology. 29

to restrict the use of this term, or its equivalent, Montalban, to the uppermost
group of schists, whose best known development is in the Presidential range
of the White Mountains. The group is characterized by a deficiency in the
amount of feldspar, and often the mineral fibrolite or andalusite is disseminated
through the rock."

Tourmalines and Associated Grems. — In 1820 the first of those rare gems —
tourmalines — discovered in Maine (and which have made this portion of the
state so noted) was found, a transparent green crystal, among the dull feldspar
and quartz, on the surface of an unpretending hill in Paris, called Mount
Mica, by two students, who in their first search found thirty or more splendid
specimens of pink and green crystals. And more : all over the top of the
rocks and down the hill-side lay riches untold of the associate minerals. The
people of the town hastened to the spot, and immediately some very valuable
specimens were obtained. No one knew up to that time what to call their
prize, so the young men enclosed a few of their best crystals in a letter to
. Professor Silliman, awaiting his reply with impatience. He hastened to tell
them that they had made a most important discovery in finding a rare gem.
And these were the first tourmalines of Mount Mica. This place, in its ages
of silence, had been waiting, perfecting itself, that the hand of man should
finally unlock its treasures and give them to the light of day. In 1825 Pro-
fessor Shepard visited the place and found several very fine crystals ; and
later Professor Webster opened a " pocket," which revealeda fine grass-green
specimen, also a most remarkable red one. In 1865 the deposit was believed
to be exhausted, though the work had been extremely superficial, the excava-
tions being only fifteen feet square andsix feet deep. Fresh encouragement
came later, as investigations were made by true votaries of science, and new
pockets were constantly opened, with the tourmalines lying loose in the decay-
ing feldspar, or imbedded in the floor of tlie cavit3^ About this time Dr
A. C. Hamlin, collecting the facts here outlined, made most important explora-
tions, and added greatly to the knowledge of the capacity of the ledge.
His excavations, made from time to time, yielded to him one of the most
valuable collections in the world.

About three miles northwest of the court-house in Auburn is a hill of the
same geologic formation as Mount Mica. It is called Hatch's Ledge from the
owner and Mount Apatite from the amount of that mineral existing there.
This ledge covers from eight to ten acres, and is close to the line of Minot.
In 1862 a boy named Lane found a small piece of crystal that he thought to
be green glass. After carrying it some time he put it on the window-sill in
the sitting-room of his home. Here it was seen by Dr Luther Hill, who
pronounced it a tourmaline, and on submitting it to experts in mineralogy
his opinion was justified, and soon after this new locality of transparent
tourmalines was made known to the world. Dr Hamlin, who had the ledge

30 History of Androscoggin County.

examined, says: "The tourmalines appeared on the brow of a ledge which
projected from a gentle slope of a hill, and far below its summit. The
surface of the rock and adjoining earth was strewn with numerous folitB of
mica containing crystals of transparent tourmalines, and large masses of pink
lepidolite, amounting in all to quite a ton in weight. The abundance of
lepidolite and mica gave hope of an extensive deposit of the coveted crystals ;
the first specimens picked up, exhibiting rich emerald-green hues, gave promise
of superior gems, the first one yielding a perfect gem of two carats." Thou-
sands of dollars' worth of valuable gems have since been taken from the ledge ;
white, pink, green, blue, and red tourmalines, and associate minerals in rich
and rare variety. Nearly forty different varieties have been found here.
Mica, in sheets from ten to twelve inches square ; aqua marines ; white, green,
and smoky quartz ; (quartz crystals ; beryl ; apatite in varied colors, both
crystallized and opaque ; arsenical iron ; iron garnets, a large one weighing
sixteen pounds ; cassiterite (almost the only ore of tin) ; albite ; cleavelandite;
columbite ; amblygonite ; lepidolite ; montmorillonite ; uranite ; cookeite, etc.

The tourmalines found here are in utmost perfection of color and crystal-
lization, and unsurpassed by any gems of the kind in the world. The
gradations of color are a most important feature. On this point the mineral-
ogist revels in ecstasy ; and well he may. Here a crystal red within, passing
to green outside ; there an exquisite red shaded to white, then blending into
green again ; or they may be simply red and green or white and green.
They are marvelous in beauty.

The tourmaline in its physical character is in crystallization, rhorabohedral,
in prisms of three, six, nine, and twelve sides, terminating in a low three-
sided pyramid. It occurs also massive, and coarse columnar, somewhat
resinous when fractured, and by friction acquires ])Ositive electricity ; becom-
ing electrically polar when heated. In hardness it is about 7.5, a little harder
than quartz. It is brittle and, as in tlie case of the beryl, well-terminated
crystals are most ditficult to obtain. In constitution it is complicated, con-
taining silica, alumina, magnesia, and a variety of other elements in small
proportions. The presence of boron trioxide gives an interesting feature in
the analysis of the mineral, while its electric and optical properties are. an
increasing delight to the student. The sides of the prisms are often rounded
or striated. This is due to oscillatory combination, which is a tendency in
the forming crystal to make two different planes at the same time.

Praffs Cave. — In the north part of Turner, about two miles from North
Turner Bridge, there is a remarkable cavern or succession of caverns (really
cavities between immense blocks of granite piled upon each other). This was
visited in 1838 by Dr Stevenson, of the State Geological Survey, who gave
this description :

Geology. 31

The entrauce is from the side of the mountain situated on the laud of Mr E. Pratt, on
the western side of the river. From some cause the huge bloclis of granite which form the
walls of these subterranean apartments have been so arranged as to form spacious halls
and present a striking appearance of regularity. Provided with lamps by our guide, we
entered the first cavern, which was about twenty feet long and from ten to twelve feet
wide, with high overhanging walls ; the rocks presented the appearance of having been
thrown apart by some wonderful convulsion of nature, and the damp and chilling atmos-
phere was similar to that found in the sepulchres of the dead. We continued our course
by slow and cautious steps down a pathless descent till we had visited six subterranean
halls, situated one above another, all corresponding in general appearance, but dimin-
ishing in size as we descended; the last would not admit a person in an erect attitude,
and we were obliged to crawl upon our hands and knees, taking great care not to
lose our lamp, for had we suftered that misfortune we might have been compelled to grope
about in darkness, without even a hope of happy deliverance from our uncomfortable
situation.

Guf'iss. — There is gneiss along the track of the railroad between Danville
Junction and Greene ; perhaps this belt of rock is connected with the gneiss
in the west part of Winthrop.

3Ii('a Schist. — An immense deposit of mica schist is found in Androscoggin,
Kennebec, and Waldo counties. Large patches of granite are frequently
found in it, whicli were protruded subsequently to the deposition of the schist.
From Danville to Belgrade the mica schist has been seen to occur. It appears
also in Poland, Turner, Livermore, Leeds, and other towns. The rock is mica
schist in Leeds and Livermore ; at Livermore Falls it resembles talcose schist.

SacelKtmid Azok Limestone appears in Turner, Poland, Livermore, and
Lewiston. Li Turner there are two beds of limestone, one, grayish-white,
granular, contains 73.6 per cent, of carbonate of lime ; that on Oak Hill is
greenish gray, granular, and contains 40 per cent, of carbonate of lime. \n
Poland there is limestone of a greenish-white color, granular, containing 43.6
per cent, of carbonate of lime. The purest limestone can afford but little
more than 50 per cent, of lime. That in Turner gave 42.9 per cent.

Dunes. — There are numerous sandy hills in Wayne and Leeds far above all
existing streams. It seems as if there must be some ancient beaches among
them. In Leeds one of these sandy accumulations has been torn asunder by
the wind, and the sand blown southeasterly, much to the detriment of the
adjacent cultivated fields. A potato patch was covered up in this way to the
depth of thirty feet. These hills of moving sands are called dunes or downs.

A belt of mineral appears to run through the rocks in nearly a straight
line from Woodstock, through Oxford, Minot, Greene, Wales, Litchfield,
Plttston, Camden, Sedgwick, Bluehill, Sullivan, and Northport. At different
times specimens, taken from various places along this belt, have been analyzed,
showing quite a percentage of silver. About twelve years ago quite an
excitement was caused by developments in the vicinity of Oak Hill in Wales.

32 History of Androscoggin County.

Thomas Barr's farm, at Ray's Corners, had rock in 1878 bearing $25 of pure
silver to the ton. Plumbago had earlier been mined near there, and sulphuret
of silver was said to exist in the same mine and in its vicinity.

CHAPTER HI.

THE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER.

Williamson's Description — Physical and Geological Features— Drainage District-
Altitudes — Principal Tributaries in this County — Water-Powers.

IN " Williamson's History of Maine " is a quaint description of the Andros-
coggin which our readers will enjoy. " The Androscoggin river, formerly
Aumoughcawgen, rises in the northwest section of the state, only about
an hundred miles from the Chops, in direct course, though it actually runs,
in its flexuous meanders, more than one hundred and sixty miles. The rise
of its eastern and principal branch is in the vicinity of Sunday Mountain,
about ten miles east of the dividing line between Maine and New Hampshire,
and on the soutli margin of the highlands, which form the boundary between
this state and ('anada. This source of the Androscoggin lias for its immediate
ni'iglibours a headpond of Dead river, which empties into the Kennebec, and the
southernmost spring of a stream, which runs northerly and contributes its
waters to the Chaudiere. This branch of the Androscoggin runs about twenty-
five miles south and discharges its waters into Lake Mooseetocmaguntick, a
most singular body of water connected with Umbagog lake by a strait; and it
empties all its waters into the latter, which lies on both sides of the western
boundary line of Maine. On the western side of it, in New Hampshire, issues
the Androscoggin, forty miles south of the upper end of the line which divides
that state from Maine. Three miles westward of the outlet the main river
receives the Magalloway, which is twelve rods in width at its mouth. This
river's head is about as far north as that of the Androscoggin, runs a southerly
course in Maine, more than thirty miles, and is distant from three to five miles
from the line, which it crosses one hundred and twenty miles north of the
Piscataqua mouth.

"The Androscoggin, shortly after it receives the waters of Magalloway
river, and another river from the northwest, runs southerly in New Hampshire
twenty-five miles, almost parallel with the line, and five or six miles from it ;

The Androscoggin River.

and then turning, crosses it, and runs tlie remainder of its course in Maine.
In re-entering the state it runs through the town of Gilead, and forms a fine
intervale on both sides, overlooked by rugged lands on the north, and is fed in
that town by Wild river. The main river runs fourteen miles in the next
town, Bethel, forming an elbow in its western quarter, and flowing northerly
in a gentle glide towards Newry, then eastwardly, over a smooth bottom of
rounded pebbles, embosoming in the town a number of fertile and delightful
islands of various extent, the largest of which contains one hundred acres.
The alluvion skirting the banks of the Androscoggin, from ten to one hundred
rods in width, is highly productive and beautiful land, rising in many places
by regular banks, one above another, and forming two or more bottoms. Of
these the highest is about twenty-five feet perpendicular above low water, and
they are all evidently formed by the efflux of the river, changing its bed and
banks so that people feel safe in building on these more elevated bottoms,
some of which were not covered in the time of the great freshet, October 22,
1785, when the water rose twenty-five feet. Along northward of the river,
three or four miles distant from it, and nearly parallel with its banks in many
places, are the 'nucleus of the mountains' which, rising in ridges, stretch along
from the west line of the state toward the falls, just above the northernmost
bend of the river in the east line of Rumford, and shelter, in some measure,
these extensive intervales from the northwest winds.

" After the river receives several small streams, and a considerable one
through the mountains from East Andover, it rushes down the Great falls at
Rumford, fifty feet perpendicular and three hundred feet within a mile. From
these falls the river runs in a southerly direction through Dixfield into Jay,
where it forms various windings; leaving the town in a southern course it
passes through Livermore, between Turner on the west, and Leeds and Greene
on the east, and descends Lewiston falls, sixty miles below the Great falls. In
Turner it receives Twenty-Mile river, which rises principally in Sumner and
Hartford, and runs through Buckfield and Turner, forming almost every
accommodation for mills and machinery.

" At Lewiston, the cataract is called the Upper falls of Pejepscot. Here the
water tumbles over massy rocks, and rushes through narrow passes, about one
hundred feet perpendicular, from the surface to the bed below. These falls
are not abrupt as over a mill-dam, but descend on an inclined plane, broken
with ledges. Here are mills and one is supplied with water through a channel
sunk in solid rock. The river below the falls is fifty to sixty rods wide, and
seldom so shoal as to be fordable by a man and horse, even in summer.

" As you stand on an elevation, one mile below these falls, you see the
rapid river, called the Little Androscoggin, flow in from the westward, shooting
its current across the bed of the main Androscoggin, forming a channel on the
eastern shore, and adding a fourth to the main river. It rises in Woodstock

34 History op^ Androscoggin County.

and Norway, and receives waters from Moose and Gleason ponds in Paris, as
it passes between the swells of that town, and also those of Thompson on the
southerly side, turning many mills, especially in Minot and some in Poland,
which two towns it separates. It has generally high banks, though lined with
intervales or strong land.

" On the east side of the great Androscoggin is the Thirty-Mile or Dead
river, the natural and only outlet of great Androscoggin pond, three and one-
half miles long, and three broad, between Leeds and Wayne. Dead river,
from the outlet in Leeds to Androscoggin river, is six miles in length, eight or
ten rods in width and deep, and its bed is so level and exactly horizontal that
the rise of the great river eighteen inches will invert the current of Dead river
its whole length. Li great freshets much water is forced into the pond, which
becomes a reservoir, greatly soaking, however, and hurting the lands on its
borders."

Dr Ezekiel Holmes treats of the physical and geological features of the
Androscoggin in this manner: The Androscoggin river takes its rise not far
from the Canada line and the headlands that divide the waters of the
Chaudiere, Kennebec tributaries, and the Androscoggin. It passes south-
westerly, expanding in its course into the lakes Moosilamaguntic, Argwason,
Molechunkamunk, Wallakenabagog, and Umbagog. From this last lake it
passes out on its northwest quarter, at first westerly and then southerly, in a
sluggish, quiet manner until it comes to Errol in New Hampshire. Here it
meets with obstructions and forms a fall wliicli has been taken up for mill
sites. It continues to flow in a southerly direction until it reaches Shelburne,
when it sweeps round the base of the mountains easterly to the easterly line of
Livermore, when it again curves southeasterly, which general course it holds
until it unites with the Kennebec river at Merrymeeting bay.

The Androscoggin, from the time it meets with its first obstruction at
Errol, has a difficult and troubled pathway and has more rapids, falls, and
cataracts than any other river of its size in Maine. It has along its banks at
certain sections of its course some splendid intervals as well as swells of
upland of the first quality. Evidences are abundant to prove that it was once,
in the space at least from Shelburne to East Livermore, what a part of it is
now at Umbagog and above, a connected chain of lakes, separated at certain
places by obstructions which formed natural dams and held its waters at
higher level, until they gave way and furnished them a more free passage, as
they are now found. It was while in tliis lake state that the splendid intervals
were formed.

Reasons for this Belief:— i^//-.s^. These interval or bottom lands are
alluvial deposits. The material of which they are composed was deposited
while the water was in a quiescent state, and therefore formed the bottom of
lakes and ponds. Second. These interval or bottom lands are not continuous.

The Androscoggin River. 35

but located in sections of more or less magnitude and at different distances
from each other, and these separations are formed by the liighlands coming
down nearer to the river than they do in the region of the intervals. In
passing up the river from Livermore Falls to Shelburne, N. H., where the
highlands close in toward the river, you will erelong come to a tract of
interval land. This is also the case in going from Livermore Falls to Jay.
After passing through the highlands which come more or less near to the
banks on the Livermore and Jay side, you reach the splendid intervals of Jay
point. The cause of their formation at this locality was, in the first place, a
valley or larger opening between the mountains, giving space for a lake, and
in the next place, the obstruction, for a long time, of the river by the high-
lands below, thereby forming a lake at the place referred to. Here, when the
current was at rest, the fine particles of earthy matter gathered, and, suspended
in the water in their course, were deposited at the bottom, and by their
accumulations formed what are now beautiful farms. On a reverse principle
it is accounted for, there being comparatively less amount of alluvial and
more diluvial land or drift in that portion of the river below Livermore Falls
than above. The Androscoggin, at Jay, had worked itself to the southerly
side of the mountain chain through which it had passed from the upper part
of Gilead in an easterly direction, and thereby nearly out of them. Finding
less obstruction here at the southerly margin of the hills than farther east, it
was turned almost square about in a southerly direction, and spread itself over
a large extent, depositing, while in motion, as it passed along, the sands and
heavier gravels, and probably, while the ice prevailed, heavy bowlders, thus
forming sand bars and islands, etc., which now constitute the swells and ridges
and irregular curves that form the surface of that part of the country. The
channel of this river is so full of obstructions that but a small part of it can be
said to be navigable.

The Drainage District of the Androscoggin occupies the country lying
between the sea on the southeast and the northerly outposts of the White
Mountains. Its southern part is separated from the Saco basin by the
hydrographic area of the Presumpscot and Royal, but is conterminous with it
in the northern part. Its greatest length is 110 miles, from the ocean to its
remotest sources; greatest breadth is 70 miles, from Randolph, N. H., to
Fayette. The area in Maine is about 2,750 square miles ; in New Hampshire
about 850 square miles; of this nearly the whole is located above the lowest
mill privilege and contributes to the water-power of the main river. Its
elevation is considerably greater than tliat of any other hydrographic district
in the state. We give the height above tide-water of some points situated
upon the river or railroads: Danville Junction, 180 ft; Auburn (station),
210 ft; Lewiston, 212 ft; Leeds, 260 ft; Mechanic Falls (station), 270 ft;
Oxford (station), 310 ft; East Livermore (station), 360 ft; South Paris

36 History of Androscoggin County.

(station), 370 ft; Locke's Mills (station), 710 ft; head of Rumford, about
600 ft; Bethel (station), 640 ft; Androscoggin river at Bethel, 620 ft;
White's Corner, 659 ft; mouth Pleasant river, about 632 ft; Gilead, 700 ft;
State Line (Grand Trunk Railway crossing), 690 ft; Gorham, N. H. (station),
802 ft; head of Berlin Falls, N. H., 2,000 ft; northeast head of Magalloway
river, 2,640 ft; northwest head of Magalloway river, 2,917 ft. The high
general elevation of this district, combined with its irregularity of surface,
secures a large amount of power upon the streams in proportion to its extent
and its volume of annual discharge. The yearly precipitation of moisture
upon this basin, including the Maine and New Hampshire portions, is estimated
as nearly 338,000,000,000 cubic feet ; these figures are based upon an assumed
average downfall of 42 inches.

The principal tributaries on the right side are the Little Androscoggin
received at Auburn ; basin, 30 miles in length ; 15 miles in breadth ; area,
280 square miles; length of stream, 40 miles; estimated discharge, 10,120,-
000,000 cubic feet ; Twenty-Mile river at Turner ; basin length, 19 miles ;
breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25 miles; discharge,
5,850,000,000 cubic feet. On the left side are Sabattus, at Lisbon ; length of
basin, 16 miles; breadth, 7 miles; area, 75 miles; discharge, 2,925,000,000
cubic feet; Dead river, at Leeds; length of basin, 22 miles; breadth, 5 miles;
area, 85 square miles; length of stream, 28 miles; discharge, 33,000,000,000
cubic feet; Webb's river, at Dixfield ; length of basin, 17 miles; breadth,
11 miles; area, 135 square miles; length of stream, 23 miles; discliarge,
5,265,000,000 cubic feet; Swift river, at Mexico; basin, 22 miles in length;
8 miles in breadth; area, 133 square miles; length of stream, 24 miles; dis-
charge, 5,187,000,000 cubic feet; and Ellis river, at Rumford; basin length,
18 miles; breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25
miles ; discharge 5,850,000,000 cubic feet. Its most valuable water-power sec-
tion, from Rumford Falls to the tide, is 75 miles long; but in reality it is a
water-power river in its whole length from the lakes to Brunswick, 150 miles.
The estimated discliarge from the basin for the year amounts to 135,000,000,000
cubic feet. Of this nearly the whole is tributary to the working power of the
river. The natural inconstancy of the river is already overcome to a great
extent, and can be to a far higher degree by the use of its great reservoirs
for storage purposes, and this at little expense. The range from lowest to
highest water, at Lewiston, is eight feet; Lisbon, seven feet; Livermore, eight
feet. From the origin of the Androscoggin to the tide at Brunswick is 150
miles, with a fall of 1,256 feet. The mean slope is 8.33 feet to the mile, corre-
sponding to an angular depression of 5'.5 circular measurement per mile. The
principal reservoirs of the Androscoggin and its tributaries number 83 principal
lakes and ponds, with 156.25 square miles of surface, but the aggregate of
lake surface in the Androscoggin basin is 213 square miles, or one square mile

The Androscoggin River. 37

to 17 square miles of basin. At the low stage of the river, water from
Umbagog lake reaches Lewiston in from 36 to 48 hours. If the mean volume
of water that can, in the present state of the reservoirs, be commanded on
the river, in the low run of summer, from Rumford falls to the tide, be assumed
to be 75,000 cubic feet per minute for 11 hours per day, the total power of
this section of the river is 85,200 horse-power, gross measurement, for the
hours specified, or 3,747,600 spindles.

Water Powers. — That valuable compilation, " Wells's Water Power of
Maine," published in 1869, gave, from authentic and official information,
closely accurate statistics concerning all privileges of water-power in this
county. We extract this portion as it gives a full description of the powers
that have brought so much wealth and prosperity to this section, and a state-
ment of the manufacturing condition at that day. The development since
belongs to the history of the towns.

Auburn. — Auburn falls is on the Little Androscoggin river, immediately
east of the Grand Trunk railway. The foot of the falls is about one-fourth
of a mile from the Androscoggin river. The total height is 70 feet, obtained
in a running distance of 150 rods. The bottom of the stream is a solid ledge,
and affords unsurpassed sites for the firm establishment of dams. The banks
are steep and ledgy, and offer good sites for mills. The volume of water
employed at Mechanic Falls is, as reported, nearly 20,000 cubic feet per
minute for the ordinary manufacturing hours at the low stage of water.
It is probably reasonable to infer the low run at Auburn to be 22,000 feet
per minute for the same hours, as the contributions of several ponds improved
for reservoirs as well as of various streams are received below Mechanic Falls.
This would give a gross poAver of 2,780 horse on the whole fall or 114,800
spindles. This result, so remarkable for a stream which drains only 280
square miles, is obtained by the improvement of its numerous and capacious
reservoirs whose capacity is not yet fully developed. There are a saw-mill,
box-mill, and batting-mill on the privilege ; these operate all the year.

The power on Taylor brook, the outlet of Taylor pond, which covers about
two square miles, has four feet of storage ; about fifty rods from the Maine
Central railroad track, twelve feet fall ; is capable of carrying three runs of
flour-stones under a nine-foot head in the summer months.

Ryerson's Privilege on the Little Androscoggin river is eight miles below
Mechanic Falls, and three miles from Lewiston. Twenty feet head can be
had. There is no improvement. There were formerly a saw-mill, grist-mill, a
shingle and clapboard machine owned by Nicholas Ryerson. This privilege
is in receipt of all the water commanded at Mechanic Falls, and the available
power is inferred to be about 840 horse-power or 33,000 spindles.

Near the outlet of the Little Wilson pond is a saw-mill. The pond is used
for a reservoir. There is also a saw-mill below, near Wilson Pond (Lake

38 History of Androscoggin County.

Auburn). At the outlet of this body of water there is a fall of seven feet,
which can be increased to twelve ; here are peg, saw, grist, and box mills, and
a furniture factory. The pond covers 1,968 acres, upon which a head of eight
feet is commanded.

Lpwisfon.— Five powers. First ; Lewiston Falls, on the Androscoggin river
twenty miles above its junction with the Kennebec and forty miles by the
river from the ocean. They are formed by gneiss and mica schist, crossing the
river diagonally, and so extended as to form the bottom and sides of the stream
above and below the falls and projecting above the water in several small rocky
islets that serve as abutments to the dams. The natural fall is thirty-eight feet,
which, with dams of an average height of about twelve feet, produces an
available power of fully fifty feet head. This descent is attained in a hori-
zontal distance of 600 feet. The volume of water at its lowest stage is 94,000
cubic feet per minute, eleven hours a day. The water is under such perfect
control that the total run of the river in drouth is economized, none going to
waste by night or on Sundays. The enormous increase in the volume of water
now used is 58,000 cubic feet per minute. At lowest run, 8,900 horse-power,
gross measurement, or 356,000 spindles. Of this 5,450 horse-power is now in
use. The available power can be doubled or trebled, as required. It is
perfectly secure against all possible contingencies of ice or flood. Total range
from lowest to highest water on the dams is about eight feet. The land also is
exceedingly favorable for the location of manufacturing establishments, there
being two natural levels on the margin of the river, the lower allowing twenty-
two feet fall, the upper twenty-eight feet, and there being also abundant room
for factories employing the whole power. Brick and stone are easily pro-
curable. There are four dams' 860 feet in aggregate length, guard locks with
seven sluiceways nine by twelve feet ; main canal sixty-four feet in average
breadth in the clear, and designed for twelve feet depth of water ; cross canal
forty feet broad in the clear, ten feet of water. The dams and guard locks are
constructed of split granite in the most solid manner. The power is owned by
the Franklin Company.

The various manufacturing companies now in occupation of the power are:

Bates Manufacturimi Company, incorporated in 1850; commenced operations in 1852:
capital stock, $1,000,000; two cotton mills; one woolen; 40,000 spindles; eight sets of
machinery; 850 femalos and 350 males employed; 800 horse-power; six turbine water-
wheels; l)uildin(:;s, brick; annual cotton production, 5,707,372 yards cloth (1,417,949
l)ounds) ; woolen, 22(),155 yards cloth (146,912 pounds).

11 ill Mamtfacturinff Company, incorporated, in 1850; conunenced operations in 1854;
capital stock, $700,000; two mills; 51,200 spindles; 800 females and 200 males employed;
800 horse-power; four turbine water-wheels; brick buildings; annual production, 7,037,353
yards of cotton cloth (1,753,770 pounds).

Androscofjffin Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1860; capital stock,
$1,000,000; two mills of brick; 50,000 spindles ; 788 females and 312 males employed; 800

The Androscoggin River. 39

horse-power ; five turbine water-wheels ; 6,500,000 yards cotton cloth manufactured a year,
equal to 1,750,000 pounds, and 1,800,000 grain bags weighing as many pounds.

Continental Mills, incovpovBited in 1865; commenced operations in 1866; capital stock,
$900,000; one mill of brick; 27,000 spindles; 395 females and 175 males employed; 440
horse-power; three turbine water-wheels; 5,600,000 yards of cotton cloth manufactured
per year, weight 1 ,400,000 pounds.

Franklin Company, incorporated in 1854; commenced operations in 1857. This com-
pany owns the water-power, canals, and land around the falls on both sides of the river,
and several hundred acres of land around the more thickly settled portion of the city.
It owns the Lincoln Mill, of 20,000 spindles; 285 females and 143 males employed; two
turbine water-wheels; cotton goods are maiuifactured ; 2,800,000 yards per year (750,000
pounds) ; the grist-mill building, occupied by Bradley & Co., flour and meal manufacturers;
D. Cowan & Co., manufacturers of woolen and cotton yarns, employing 27 females and
25 males; H. H. Dickey, manufacturer of belting and covering rollers, employing 10 men;
three turbine water-wheels; a saw-mill occupied by S. R. Bearce & Co., manufacturers of
lumber; five water-wheels; Lewiston Bleachery and Dye Works, occupied by N. W. Farwell;
capacity for bleaching and dyeing eight tons per day ; 14 females and 204 males employed;
one turbine water-wheel; several machine shops; two turbines.

Leiviston Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1853; capital stock, .$500,000 ;
two mills of brick; 17,880 spindles; 460 females and 211 males employed; 450 horse-power ;
three turbine water-wheels; cotton and jute manufactured; 764,619 yards cloth (1,241,776
pounds) per year; jute used, 1,679,281 pounds; cotton and jute bags, 1,233,423 per year.

Lewiston Falls Mafinfactiiring Company, incorporated and commenced operations in
1834; John M. Frye, agent; capital stock, $60,000; two mills, brick and wood; six sets of
machinery; 45 females and 40 males employed; two water-wheels; 225,000 yards of woolen
cloth manufactured per year.

Leiviston Lower Poteer of 1,500 horse, two miles below Lewiston Falls on
the Androscoggin river, has not been improved. Two miles up the river at
Deer Rips there is unimproved power of at least 2,500 horse ; the two
together are sufficient to drive cotton mills containing 250,000 spindles.
Barker's Mills on Barker's Mill stream, fall twenty feet in twenty rods, has
a saw-mill and a grist-mill ; both operate three months, and the grist-mill nearly
the whole year. Stream fed by Berry pond. Owned by J. B. Ham & Co. The
privilege at the outlet of Nonanac pond falls twelve feet in twelve rods and
has power sufficient to drive one run of stones the whole year. The pond is
flowed a little and can be flowed so as to cover 300 acres.

Lisbon. — Eight powers. One at Lisbon Falls on the Androscoggin river
in the southeast corner of the town. There were originally two falls about
900 feet apart, giving together a natural fall of thirty -one feet in the 1,800
feet, which is increased by the elevation of the dam to thirty-three feet. The
upper fall, just below which the dam was located, is formed by a ledge of
granite making directly across an island about 300 feet distant to the opposite
shore 650 feet farther. This ledge extends for more than half a mile down
the river on both sides, giving the best possible foundation for manufacturing
establishments. The dam is in two sections each resting on the island. It

40 History of Androscoggin County.

is built on the ledge about eight feet lower than the brow of the natural fall,
and having an average height of ten feet, raises the water but two feet above
its natural level. It is constructed of hewn timber in crib-work, the lower
tier fitted to the irregularities in the ledge, and firmly secured with bolts.
Tlie cribs are filled with rock-ballast and covered with hard-wood plank. The
whole work and materials were designed to make it equal or superior to any
dam in the country not built of stone, and it is believed to be strong enough
to withstand any force to which it may be subjected. The volume of water in
the dry season, estimated from that at Lewiston with allowance for the addi-
tions of the Little Androscoggin and Sabattus rivers, is 122,000 cubic feet of
water per minute, during working time of eleven hours per day, six days in
the week.

The improvement of the lakes by which the run of water at Lewiston
would be increased, would operate to the same extent in favor of the power
at this point. Without any increase in the dry season the power is equal to
7,623 horse-power gross or 305,000 spindles. But a trifling amount of this,
large power is yet in use. The expense of making the balance available has
been pronounced by competent engineers very small compared with other
points with the same extent of power. The lay of the land is favorable for
manufacturing establishments, with sufficient room for utilizing the whole
power. The power is owned by the Androscoggin Water Power Company.

The only company in occupation of the power is the Worumbo Mannfact-
urinii Company^ incorporated in 1861 with a capital stock of $250,000. There
are two mills with ten sets of cards ; all-wool beavers are manufactured. One
hundred males and seventy -five females are employed ; pay-roll, $6,500 ; 150
horse-power is used, and two turbine water-wheels ; annual production, 120,000
yards six-fourths wide (225,000 pounds) of finished cloth. Building materials,
both stone and wood, are readily obtained. The Water Power Company owns
two saw-mills supplied with abundance of pine and hemlock from the sur-
rounding country, A slight elevation in the reservoir above the dam would
make the power nearly double that used at Lewiston.

There are two privileges at Factory village on Sabattus river owned
by N. W. Farwell. The upper one has a fall of ten feet; is under im-
provement ; a double turbine wheel is used ; power, 175 horse. The lower
fall has an old grist-and-saw-mill ; fall, twenty feet ; power, 325 horse. The
stream is connected with great Sabattus pond with supply of water constant
and freshets not destructive. At Lisbon Plains on the same river about
one-third of a mile from the Androscoggin river is an unimproved power of
twenty feet fall, owned by B. Farnsworth and others. About one-fourth of
a mile above is a fall of twelve feet, the property of the Paper Company. The
mill built in 1866 manufactures one and a half tons newspaper per day;
machinery best quality. Next above is the property of the Farnsworth

The Androscoggin River. 41

Manufacturing Company ; fall, thirteen feet ; a woolen mill built in 1865 has
first-class machinery and manufactures 30,000 yards per month of " three-
fourths " goods ; spare power except in drouth. The seventh and eighth
powers are on Little river, near its junction with the Androscoggin.

Durham has three water-powers. One on the outlet of a small pond in the
western part of the town has a grist-mill, and a saw-mill which cuts 40,000 feet
3^early ; one in the northeast part on a small stream has a grist and shingle
mill. One near Southwest Bend has grist, saw, shingle and clapboard mills
which cut 40,000 feet of boards annually. The mills work about eight months
in the year.

Wehister. — There are four powers on Sabattus pond. First fall, twelve
feet ; second, fourteen feet ; third, twelve feet ; fourth, eighteen feet. Dams
and mills upon each fall ; the mills operate all of the year ; a large amount of
unused power; privileges all owned in town. Sabattus pond covers four
square miles and is dammed. Its reservoir capacity could be much increased.
Stream safe and constant with abundant water throughout the year. The
power may be inferred, as below at Factory Fall in Lisbon, 175-horse is secured
on a ten-foot fall with a turbine wheel. There is building stone on the fourth
fall only, abundant and good. Land upon each of the falls level and
convenient for the location of mills. One-third of the basin covered by woods.

Cfreene. — There are four water-powers. One on Sabattus stream with
fifteen feet fall from top of dam to vent of wheels ; two-thirds of the fall is
secured by the dam. Another is on Meadow brook where a saw and shingle
mill is operated fall and spring. There are two powers on the outlet stream of
Allen's pond which are more valuable than the others ; formerly there were
grist, shingle, and carding mills upon them. The fall is twenty and twenty-
five feet. The water holds out the year round with an excellent chance for
dams. A saw-mill operates four months in the year, and a grist-mill all the
year. No damage from freshets; annual production, $7,000.

Leeds has eight water-powers. On Cushman's mill stream are grist-mills, in
former years used only for saw-mills. Fifty rods below are shingle machines,
etc. One on Coffin's mill stream ; here are saw and shingle mills. That on
Bridgliam stream is unimproved, but had formerly a grist and a carding mill.
There was formerly a grist-mill on Mason brook ; power not used. There is a
shingle mill on a small stream in the north part of the town. Two powers are
unused ; one in the northwest part operates a shingle-mill, and a small but
good power in southwest part where was formerly a saw-mill. These powers,
though not large, are susceptible of more use. Androscoggin pond on the
confines of Leeds is connected with the Androscoggin river by Dead stream,
and as the pond lies on the same level as the river the waters flow in and out
according to the stage of the river. Could be stored at high water and held
for reserve.

42 History of Androscoggin County.

East Livermore.—A privilege with small power on Johnny brook works about
half the time. There is a similar one on Norris's brook. Livermore Falls on
the Androscoggin has a natural fall twenty-two feet in thirty rods, upper fall
fourteen feet, then eight feet fall in thirty rods. The dam located on the
crest of the upper fall is seven feet high, making the total head and fall
twenty-nine feet. It can be raised seven feet. The power due to the total
available fall (thirty-six feet), the volume of water being assumed fifteen per
cent, less tlian at Lewiston, or 79,900 cubic feet per minute at the lowest run,
is 5,436 horse-power gross, or 217,400 spindles. In 1867 the proprietors
built a very excellent dam of crib work filled in with stone in its whole extent
(as strong a construction as can be made except of split granite) with a view
to future enlargement, and it can be raised seven feet without damage to
flowing. The land on both sides of the river is peculiarly well adapted to the
location of manufacturing establishments. The rock in the immediate vicinity
of the falls is lit for foundation and other rough work. Excellent granite is
abundant within two miles. Building bricks of excellent quality were
delivered at the Falls in 1868 for six dollars per thousand. Of the 5,436
horse-power probably not over one hundred is in use which operates a saw-
mill, grist-mill, and some small establishments. The Rocomeka Company is
the chief proprietor of the power. It owns the saw-mill, and a building eighty
by thirty feet, three stories high, and a fifty-horse steam-boiler attached for
heating purposes. This privilege is regarded as next to Lewiston in sum of
power, but not in availability and facilities for improvement.

Liiwnnore. — Twelve powers. Five on a stream from Long pond. A
saw-mill near the outlet, with a fall of nine feet; 600 square inches of water-
in use; a giist-mill below, with a fall of twelve feet; 300 square inches of
water; pill-box factory has a fall of ten feet; a rake factory, fall twelve
feet; a saw-mill, fifteen feet fall. On a stream from Turner pond at the outlet
is an unimproved power; fall, eight feet; capacity, 1,200 square inches. A
short distance below is a grist-mill ; fall, fifteen feet ; capacity, 1,200 square
inches of water ; center-vent wheels. On the same stream, opposite the
mill, is an unimproved privilege, with equal capacity to that of the grist-mill.
These three privileges are owned by Hollis Turner, Esq. Just below the
grist-mill is a building with various saws; the fall is nine feet; capacity,
2,500 square inches. This mill does a good business at flood of water, spring
and fall. Ownership, Lewiston Company. About half a mile below, on the
same stream, this conq^any owns another water-power, not improved, equal to
or better in many respects, than the improved one. There are two smaller
powers on separate streams with a shingle-mill on each.

Turner. — Turiier Centre falls on the Androscoggin ten miles above Lew-
iston has twelve feet fall ; excellent opportunity for canals and dam ; hard
bottom and banks ; abundant stone. If the volume of water at low run be

The Androscoggin River. 43

assumed to be five per cent, less than at Lewiston, or 89,300 cubic feet per
minute for eleven hours per day, the gross power of the fall is about 2,030
horse, or 81,200 spindles. The power can be vastly increased by reservoirs.

North Turner falls at North Turner bridge, sixteen miles above Lewiston,
fall thirteen feet. The natural force of the water is so great that a saw-
mill has been run here by its means. The sites for mills are excellent, and
canal facilities of the best. An island in the river diminishes the required
length of dam. If the volume of water at low run be assumed as ten per
cent, less than at Lewiston, or 84,600 cubic feet per minute for eleven hours
a day, the gross power of the fall at thirteen feet is 2,080 horse-power, or
83,200 spindles. There are six powers at Turner, viz. : one on Martin stream
at outlet of Bear pond ; saw-mill can cut 600,000 feet annually ; fall ten
feet; one at North Turner village three-fourths of a mile below, lumber,
grist, and carding mills, and carriage factory, could cut a million feet annually;
fall ten feet. At Chase's Mills there is a saw-and-shingle-mill, and hub and
bowl factory. On Twenty-Mile river at Turner village there is a woolen
factory, grist-mill, lumber-mill, and carriage factory doing a large amount of
business ; fall about twelve feet. At Bradford village on the same river there
is a fall of twelve feet. This power is capable of a large amount of business
if properly improved. At the mouth of Twenty-Mile river is a fall of eleven
feet, with saw and grist mill ; power enough for more business.

Minot and Poland. — There are four powers on the Little Androscoggin
river. First, Mechanic Falls ; fall, thirty-seven feet in 950 feet distance ;
velocity of current ninety-six feet per minute. Area of cross section 270
square feet. Power not half improved ; partially improved in paper making.
There is a first-class stone dam at the head of the fall ; a wooden dam midway
and space for another dam below. Power is owned by A. C. Denison & Co.
The mills operate all the year. On the upper dam, fourteen feet head, eleven
turbine wheels now operate of 405 horse-power ; hence the volume of water
for the working hours of the day must be equal to 20,000 cubic feet per
minute, and the power of the whole fall for the same hours, 1,053 horse.
Second, Page's Mills has a fall of fourteen feet in 1,500 feet distance. Volume
of water same as at Mechanic Falls less Waterhouse brook, which is 3,000
cubic feet per minute. Power partially improved in sawing lumber, in the
manufacture of sash and doors, and grist-mill; mills operate all the year;
power owned by Moses Page and A. A. Bucknam. Third, Hackett's Mills
has a fall thirteen feet in 250. Volume of water same as at Mechanic Falls
plus Bog brook, 1,500 cubic feet per minute. Improved in part in saw-mills ;
power owned by J. T. Waterman and Willard Buck; mills operate all the
year. Fourth, Minot Corner ; fall, eleven and one-half feet in 500 run.
Volume of water same as at Hackett's Mills, with the addition of a small
tributary. Improved in part by saw and grist mills, which operate all the

44 History of Androscoggin County.

year. Owned by A. S. Freeman, Willard Buck, and others. Sites for
building upon the privileges excellent. Freshets harmless, the reservoirs
holding back the great body of water.

Mlnot. — The other three powers here are Faunce's Mill, on Bog brook;
fall, twelve and one-half feet in fifty feet ; operates part of the year. West
Minot falls, on Bog stream; fall, twenty- two and one -half feet in five
hundred feet. Hilburn falls, on Bog stream; power not used. The first and
second are partially improved in saw-mills and a planing-mill. The stream
will run the planing-mill all the year. One-third of the basin covered with
woods.

PoJaiuJ. — Three powers. PoLand Corner privilege on Waterhouse brook;
fall, eighteen feet in 350 feet ; velocity of current, 100 feet per minute ; area
of cross section, thirty square feet ; improved in part by a grist-mill and
saw-mill ; a good stone dam across the head of the falls ; mills operate all
the year. Shaker mill ; fall, forty-two feet in 250 feet distance ; a thirty-foot
overshot wheel runs a large amount of machinery all the year for grinding,
sawing, planing, machine shops, carding, etc. West Poland Mill Company,
on Saunders's brook ; an eighteen-foot overshot wheel, saw-mill, operating
half the year. Power could be increased to some extent by fiowing meadows.

CHAPTER IV.

ABORIGINAL TRIBES AND HISTORY.

By J. G. Elder.

THE early voyagers on the coast of Maine, Gosnold, Pring, and Weymouth,
were strongly impressed with the peculiar character, manners, and
customs of the aboriginal inhabitants. They were, in some respects,
unlike any people seen by the natives of Europe, although they were regarded
by them as closely allied to the people of the East. Their descriptions of this
new-found race are brief but quite exact, and one of them — Weymouth kid-
napped several of the natives and carried them to England, in order that those
who were interested in colonization might learn something of the country and
its strange inhabitants. The celebrated Captain John Smith, who visited our
coast in 1614, and who had been familiar with the savages of Virginia, refers

Aboriginal, Tribes and History. 45

to these as being essentially like those of the South. Richard Vines, who was
here in 1(317-18, mingled much witli the Indians, visited their wigwams, was a
witness of the great mortality which so decimated the settlements on the New
England coast that much of it was abandoned, speaks of tlieir simple habits,
their fortitude, and the apparent indifference with which they met their fate.

At this time there were five distinct tribes that occupied what is now the
state of Maine. The Sokokis inhabited the valley of the Saco river, but were
most numerous near its head waters, their villages being located on the
alluvial lands of Fryeburg and Conway, New Hampshire. The Pegwakets and
the Ossipees, if not a part of the tribe, were branches of it. In 1725 they
were attacked by Captain Lovewell and in a sanguinary and disastrous battle
their power was completely broken, and the most of the tribe, disheartened by
their misfortunes, retired to Canada.

The Anasagunticooks were a numerous and powerful tribe, and their
hunting-grounds covered the entire valley of the Androscoggin. The Canabas
tribe were located on both sides of the Kennebec river, where they had several
important villages. The Wawenocks occupied the coast between the Sheep-
scot and St Georges rivers. They were very accurately described by Captain
John Smith, whose intercourse with them was frequent and undisturbed.
It was from this tribe that Captain George Weymouth secured those he carried
to England, and from this same tribe the perfidious Hunt — the companion of
Captain John Smith in 1G14 — kidnapped some twenty-seven and carried them
to Spain and sold them as slaves. The Penobscots were unquestionably the
most numerous and powerful. They inhabited the country on both sides of
tlie Penobscot bay and river. In the summer they occupied the land near the
sea, but in the winter tliey retired to the interior. They were most numerous
near the falls — Oldtown — where they now reside. It is not a little remark-
able that this tribe, now numbering about five hundred persons, still occupies
their ancient abode, and although surrounded by American people and insti-
tutions and also under the care of the state, yet they retain their language
and religion, and most of the habits and customs which have come down
through the centuries, and in all probability will retain them for centuries to
come, or until the tribe becomes extinct. The Passamaquoddies were found
in the eastern part of the state, their tribal home being near the lower Schoodic
lakes. Their present number is about five hundred. They adhere with great
tenacity to the religious forms taught them by the Jesuits. The estimated
population of these tribes in 1615 was 31,600. It was supposed these tribes
could muster 8,800 warriors, distributed as follows : Sokokis, 900 warriors ;
Anasagunticooks, 1,500 warriors; Canabas, 1,500 warriors; Wawenocks, 1,100
warriors ; Penobscots, 2,400 warriors ; Passamaquoddies, 1,400 warriors.

We are in possession of very little information in relation to the Anasagun-
ticooks— or Androscoggin Indians, as they were subsequently called — before

46 History of Androscoggin County.

King Philip's war, in 1675-6. At Brunswick falls they had an encampment or
place of resort and a fort. Here was the great pass between the eastern and
western tribes, and during the Indian wars they frequently met at this
camping-ground and planned their cruel and barbarous attacks upon the
defenceless settlers. At Lewiston falls they frequently rendezvoued, and at
an early day had a fort of considerable magnitude. There was a large encamp-
ment at Canton, covering the fine interval of that region. Owing to their
location they were less disturbed in their hunting and fishing and suffered less
by the. encroachments upon their territory than any other tribe; but notwith-
standing this freedom from interruption, none were more hostile or vindictive
towards the colonists. The Androscoggins were the first to "dig up" the
tomahawk and the last to "bury" it.

Hardly had the first alarm of King Philip's war reached the scattered and
defenceless settlers before a party of this ferocious tribe came to the plantation
of Thomas Purchase, in Brunswick, but they did only a little " Mischief save
plundering it of strong Liquor and Ammunition, also killing a Calf or two
with a few Sheep, but no more than what they eat, and spoiling a Feather-bed,
by ripping it open to turn out the Feathers, contenting themselves with the
Case, which they might more easily carry away." .... "but as they went
away, told those of the House, that there were others coming after, that would
deal far worse with them, which within a short Time after came to pass."
Mr Purchase and his "sons were absent, but one of his sons who returned
wliile the savages were plundering the house, wus obliged to flee for his life."
Shortly after — September 5, 1675, — they destroyed his buildings and cattle,
and the family fled to Massachusetts, but never returned to occupy their
possessions.

The Anasagunticooks were very active during the war and quite a number
of their warriors joined Philip's forces in Massachusetts, and "Sundry of
them," says Hubbard, " came short of Home." It was their purpose to unite
all of the tribes in a crusade against the whites, and to accomplish this design,
sent representatives to the Sokokis in order to induce them to enter heartily
into the war, making it one of extermination. Philip was killed August 12,
1675, and in the following winter an armistice was made with the Indians in
the western part of Maine ; but this did not include the Anasagunticooks or
the Canabas. During the early part of 1676 some of the sagamores visited
Abraham Shurte at Pemaquid and complained of the treatment received from
the colonists. Shurte assured them that justice should be done, and then
referred to the happy peace which had been made with the Sokokis and other
Indians, which might become general if the Anasagunticooks and Canabas
would assent to it. The sagamores seemed pleased with the interview and
soon after sent a "runner" inviting him to meet them in council at " Tecon-
net." Captain Sylvanus Davis was associated with Shurte, and they proceeded

Aboriginal Tribes and History. 47

at once to Teconnet. "We come now," said the agents, "to confirm the
peace, especially to treat with the Anasagunticooks. We wish to see Squando,
and hear Tarumkin speak." He then said: "I have been westward where I
found three sagamores wisliing for peace ; many Indians unwilling. I love the
clear streams of friendship, that meet and unite. Certain, I myself, clioose
the shades of peace. My heart is true, and I give you my hand in pledge of
the truth." The professions of Tarumkin and the other chiefs did not secure
peace, and the war was more terrible and sanguinary, if possible, than before.
Peace did not come to the disheartened and enfeebled colonists until the
winter of 1678. At that time Massachusetts appointed commissioners to treat
with Squando and the Anasagunticooks. They met at Casco and on April 13,
1678, signed articles of peace.

The close of the war was the occasion of universal joy, though the memo-
ries of the struggle caused extreme sorrow. Almost every family bore the
marks of grief, as there were few who had not lost friends or property, and
many had been bereft of both. The terms of peace were generally considered
disgraceful to the Engiisli. The losses sustained in life were extremely pain-
ful. About two hundred and sixty were known to have been killed or carried
into captivity from which they never returned, and nearly one hundred and
fifty were made captives and subsequently released.

There had been only ten years of peace when King William's war broke
out with all the horrors so well known, and dreaded, in savage warfare.
The sagamore of the Anasagunticooks, Tarumkin, had been succeeded by
Worombee, who, in 1684, had granted large tracts of land on the Andros-
coggin to Richard Wharton of Boston, but now he was loud in his protesta-
tions against the encroachments of the whites. As in Philip's war, so now
this tribe was ready to renew the conflict with the colonists, and made their
first attack at North Yarmouth, August 13, 1688. The war was prosecuted by
the Indians with remarkable vigor and cunning, accompanied by all the
cruelties peculiar to the savages. The natives of the Androscoggin had
exhibited so much ferociousness and inhumanity, that the Government at
Boston determined to send an expedition, under the command of the celebrated
Major Church, to destroy Worombee's fort at the upper falls of the Andros-
coggin. He arrived here September 14, 1690. We give an extract from
Church's account of the attack and capture of the fort, as follows:

"The same day [September 13] we advanced up the river towards
Amascogg, on the southwest side of the river, altho the way was extream
difficult; yett it was a more obscure way; the enemie useing to march on the
N. E. side. We marched that day above the middle falls [Lisbon falls]
about 20 miles; there it began to raine hard; where we encamped and built
fifty tents, and lay there that night; and at break of day put out our fires and
marched as soon as twas light: It being the 14th instant and the sabbath day,

48 History of Androscoggin County.

the soiildiers marched briskley and came within sight of the fort about 2 of the
cluck in the afternoon ; then we turned into the woods, and fetched a circum-
ference, and waded over a little river not much above the knees ; and in short
time came to the westerly branch [Little Androscoggin] of the Great Rfver,
and there left our baggage and those men that were tired, and made them up
40 men to guard the Doctor; and looking over the brow of a hill by the river,
espied two English captives and an Indian, moving towards the fort; ran after
them, and soon took the English but the Indian got clear. Then I feared he
would informe the fort: gave order, that all with one consent should run
throw the river and not mind any otlier forme ; but he that could gett first to
the fort, if they had opportunity, to offer them peace. If they would not
accept to fall on, and by that time they were well entered the rest would be
come up ; also I gave order for 2 companies to spread between the woods and
the fort to prevent the escape of the enemie that way — all which was attended
to. We were very wett running throw the river, but got up undiscovered to
the fort till within shott ; few Indians we found there, but two men and a lad
of about 18 ; with some women and children ; 5 ran into the river, 3 or 4 of
which were killed. The lad of 18 made his escape up the river to another
place where there was corn [ Canton Point ] about 40 or 50 miles up, after-
wards we were well informed. We killed 6 or 7 and took eleven. Lodged in
the fort that night. Only one of our men was wounded in that little scirmish.
We made use of noe other firewood but the fort all the time we were there.
Munday being the 15th instant, we having examined the Indians and the
English captives, made search for come and other plunder. We found a prety
deal of corn in barnes under ground, and destroyed it ; also we found guns
and amunition a prety deal, with beaver and we took 5 English captives, viz.:
Leiut. Robert Hookins his widow of Oyster River ; Benjamin Barnards wife
of Salmon Falls; Ann Heard of Cochecho ; one Willises daughter of Oyester
River, and a boy of Exeter." ..." We left two old squaws that were
not able to march; gave them victuals enough for one week of their own boiled
corn, and a little of our provisions, buried their dead, and left them clothes
enough to keep them warme, and left the wigwams for them to lye in, — gave
them orders to tell theire friends how kind we were to them, — bidding them
doe the like to ours; also, if they were for peace to come to goodman Smalls
att liarwick within 14 days, who would attend to discourse them. Then we
came away with our own 5 captives and 9 of theirs, and waded throw the
river, and returned in that day and one more to our vessells at Macquait."

The war lasted for ten years. The commissioners, who negotiated the
treaty, desired that the resident missionary among the Anasagunticooks should
be removed " lest the treaty, if made, would be violated as heretofore through
their instigation." The treaty was the same as that of 1693, with additional
articles, and was ratified January 7, 1699.

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 49

The Anasagunticooks, during the period of Queen Anne's War, were not
so prominent as they had hitherto been. It was not far from this time that
the French induced many of them to retire to Canada, and with a few
Wawenocks and Sokokis Indians, formed the St Francis tribe. Gradually
they became reduced in numbers by removals to the settlement on the St
Francis, and in a few years only a small number of the once powerful tribe
that occupied the valley of the Androscoggin, remained. They undoubtedly
engaged in subsequent wars, and were generally included in the treaties, but
were rarely present when the treaties were ratified. Many years have passed
since the last wandering Anasagunticook occupied the valley where they were
once so numerous, and the name is known only in history.

CHAPTER V.

EARLY TITLES, OCCUPANCY, ETC.

The Cabots— Mary of Guilford — English Claims — Norumbega — Bartholomew Gosnold
and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims and Occupancy — Captaiu Weymouth —
Grants by James I — North Virginia — Plymouth Company — Captain John Smith — New
England — Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason- Province of Maine— Laconia—
First English Settlements— Kennebec and Other Patents — Plymouth Council — The Twelve
Grand Divisions- Resignation of Plymouth Patent— William Gorges — New Patent of
Maine — Gorgeana — Settlement under Gorges —Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship.

THE English claim to North America was based on its discovery by the
Cabots in 1497 and 1498, yet the first Englishmen to set foot on its
shores were part of the crew of the Mary of Guilford, a vessel com-
manded by John Rut, which, with the Samson, sailed from Plymouth, England,
June 10, 1527, in search of the northwest passage. They sailed toward
Newfoundland where a great storm left only the Mary of Guilford to continue
the search. From Newfoundland she sailed southward, returning "by the
coasts of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega," i often entering the
ports, landing men and examining the country, and reaching England in
October.

1 At this time Norumbega, or Arambec, was the name given sometimes to Maine, and sometimes
to the whole tract along the ocean from Nova Scotia to the river later called the Hudson. When
and by whom first applied is now unknown. It appears on a French map of 1534 as Anorobagra, as
Nurumbega on one of 1550, and may be shown perhaps on earlier ones. M. Andre Thevet, a French

50 History of ANDROSCOGGm County.

In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold sailed along the shores of Maine and gave
so good a report of its resources, that in 1603 wealthy Englishmen fitted out
the Speedwell (fifty tons), commanded by Martin Pring, and the Discoverer
(twenty-six tons), for a trading expedition to America. Leaving Milford
Haven, April 10, a few days after the death of Queen Elizabeth, a prosperous
voyage brought them, June 7, to what we know as Penobscot bay. They
coasted westward until they came to the Piscataqua, but finding no Indians to
trade with they went south, secured valuable cargoes and sailed home in
August. Pring made a second voyage in 1606, and in these voyages, accord-
ing to Gorges, he made a perfect discovery of all these eastern rivers and
harbors, and took to England the most accurate account of the coast which
had come to that country.

Henry IV of France granted to Pierre de Gast, Sieure de Monts, a royal
patent, November 8, 1603, of all American territory between the fortieth and
forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, under the name of Acadia. In 1604,
under the pilotage of Samuel Champlain, who had explored the St Lawrence
river the year before, he visited Nova Scotia, and by him St Croix was named,
and a residence made for the winter on the island. The next May (1605) they
sailed westerly, erected a cross at Kennebec, taking possession in the name of
the king, passed along the coast to Cape Cod, returned to St Croix, and
constructed a fort and established a settlement at Port Royal (Annapolis).
This was the basis of the French claim so tenaciously held to this territory.

The same year (1605) the English reached out for occupation of this coast.
A vessel connnanded by George Weymouth was despatched (nominally by
some enterprising English gentlemen) to discover a northwest passage, but
doubtless the English government looked for his occupancy of territory " for
the crown." Leaving the Downs March 31, on May 11 he reached America
near Cape Cod, sailed north, and shortly thereafter was on the coast of Maine.
Possession was taken of the country, and a valuable commerce was begun with
the Indians, " for instance, one gave forty skins of beaver, sable, and otter,
for articles of five shillings' value." An altercation arising. Captain Weymouth
seized and carried to England five of the Indians — four of them persons of

cosmographer, says that in ir)56 he sailed along the entire coast of Florida and visited the coast of
Norumbega. He describes a river " which we call Norumbegue and the aborigines Agoncy, and
marked on some charts as the Grand River [this is generally considered to be Penobscot bay], and
upon its banks the French formerly erected a little fort about ten or twelve leagues from its mouth,
which was surrounded by fresh water, and this place was named the fort of Norumbegue." He further
states that some pilots would make him believe that this was the proper country of Canada, but he told
them this was in 4r>° N. and Canada was in 50 or 52''. Richard Hakluyt in his " Discourse of Western
Planting," written in 1584, considers Norumbega to extend along the coast without definite limits, in a
southwestern direction from Cape Breton. Milton immortalized its name in " Paradise Lost," and
many fabulous descriptions of its capital, The Lost City of New England, are given in the January
(1877) number of the Mar/azlue of American History. Eben Norton Horsford, in his book, "The Dis-
covery of the Ancient City of Norumbega," claims to have discovered its actual site on Charles river,
above Boston.

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 51

rank. The voyage was financially successful, awoke an interest in the settle-
ment of the New World that never abated, and was the means of establishing
the English colonies to which the United States is the successor. But from
this unprovoked and ill-advised seizure of the natives sprung much of the
hatred of the English among the aborigines, and the later long and bloody
wars with them arose from the distrust and revengeful feelings into which this
arbitrary and cruel act changed the unsuspicious friendship and hospitality
with which Weymouth's men were greeted.

In 1606 a belt of twelve degrees on the American coast, embracing nearly
all the soil from Cape Fear to Halifax, was set apart by James I for two
companies under one "General Council of Government." One, North
Virginia, included the land from the forty-first degree of north latitude to the
forty-fifth ; the other extended from the thirty-fourth to the thirty-eighth
degree. ^

The northern portion was granted to the Plymouth Company, formed in
the west of England. The king retained the power of appointment of all
officers, exacted homage and rent, and demanded one-fifth of all the gold and
silver found, and one-fifteenth of all the copper for the royal treasury. " Not
an element of popular liberty was introduced into these charters; the colonists
were not recognized as a source of political power ; they were at the mercy of
a double-headed tyranny composed of the king and his advisers, the Council
and its agents."

A new charter was given to the Council of Plymouth, November 3, 1620,
granting the lands between the fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north
latitude, from sea to sea, as " New England in America." All powers of
legislation, unlimited jurisdiction, and absolute property in this tract were
given by this charter. This charter is the foundation of the numerous
subsequent patents by which New England was divided, and its settlements and
colonies located and limited. The name originated with the celebrated Captain
John Smith, who, during the years from 1605 to 1616, was the greatest American
explorer. He made a map of the American coast from Cape Cod to Penobscot
in 1614, called it " New England," and wrote a brief history of the land. The
name came into favor with the sovereign, and has been indelibly stamped upon
this section of America.

1 The English settlement of Maine antedates by more than thirteen years that of Massachusetts.
May 31, 1G07, eighteen days after the sailing of the Jamestown colony, two ships, commanded by
George Popham and Raleigh Gilbert, sailed from Plymouth with one hundred and twenty persons to
found a colony. This they did at the mouth of the Kennebec, where the name has been commemorated
by Fort Popham. Their Episcopal minister, Richard Seymour, by prayer and sermon dedicated the
spot and inaugurated their government. They fortified the ground, erected a fort of twelve guns,
built a village of fifty houses, a church, and a thirty-ton vessel, the Virginia of Sagadahoc, the first
ship built in America by Europeans. By various disheartenments the colonists became discouraged;
they dispersed, and the colony ceased to exist.

52 History of Androscoggin County.

Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason were prominent members
of the Council of Plymouth. A man of intellect and courage, a most brilliant
naval officer, and a leading spirit in many prominent historical events in
England, Gorges had always a desire to create a new nation in the barbaric
lands of America. He had been associated with Raleigh in founding the
settlements in Virginia, was president of the first Council, and it was through
him that the exploration and map of New England were made by John Smith.
Fitting out several expeditions which came to naught, he at last became
associated with Captain John Mason, a kindred spirit, who had been governor
of Newfoundland.' The meeting of such men struck coruscant and rapid
sparks of enthusiasm. In quick succession they secured various charters,
which were intended to, and really did, cover most of the territory now in
New Hampshire and Maine.

A patent was given by King James to Gorges and Mason of " the country
between the Merrimac and Kennebec to the farthest head of said rivers, and
sixty miles inland," and all islands, etc., within five leagues of the shore, which
the indenture says " they intend to call the Province of Maine." This has
been erroneously stated to be the grant of Laconia^ but, as General Chamber-
lain says, " The true Laconia grant was in 1629, and embraces the river and
lake of the Iroquois (Champlain), and the lands bordering on these waters
ten miles on the south and east, and still further west and north towards
Canada."

An association or mercantile organization formed by Gorges, Mason, and
leading merchants of jjrominent English cities, sent many ships and some
emigrants in 1622 and 1623, and established trading stations at Piscataqua,
Monhegan, and, particularly in 1623, at Saco, where for fourteen years Gorges
had attempted to establish a settlement. But the exclusive privileges granted
to the Plymouth Council caused great complaint, especially in the jurisdiction
over fisheries, and Gorges was summoned before the bar of the House of
Commons, and called upon to deliver his patent. He made an able defence,
and the king, although requested by the House, would not recall the Charter
of the Plymouth Council. Public sentiment was so strong that it checked for
some time the spirit of colonization, and the Council suspended active
operations.

In 1624 Gorges procured a patent of 24,000 acres at Agamenticus, now
York, and individually began its settlement. In 1626 the New Plymouth
colonists erected a trading-house at Penobscot, and the next year (1627)
obtained from the Plymouth Council " the first Kennebec patent." March
19, 1627, the Council granted a patent to six associates, who joined twenty

1 The first grant of territory by the Plymouth Council was to him. It embraced " the lands between
Merrimack and Naumkeag, from their sources to the sea, including all islands within three miles of
the coast." The territory was named Mariana, and the grant was dated March 2, 1621.

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 53

others with them, and March 4, 1628, obtained a royal charter by which it
became the colony of Massachusetts Bay. Its patent covered the lands
between the lines a league southerly of the river Charles, and northerly of the
Merrimack. January 13, 1629, the Kemieheck or Plymouth patent was granted.
Mason and Gorges agreed this year to make the Piscataqua river their line of
division, and the Plymouth Council, November 7, 1629, granted Mason the
territory west of the Piscataqua in the Laconia grant as New Hainpskire.

In 1630 was granted the Lyijonln patent, forty miles square, which extended
t(j the Kennebunk river west, and Harpswell on the east. This was signed for
the Council by its president, the Earl of Warwick, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges.'
March 2, 1630, the 3Iii><co)u/us patent, extending "from the sea between the
rivers Penobscot and Muscongus to an unsurveyed line running east and west
so far north as would without interfering with the Kennebeck or other patent
embrace a territory equal to thirty miles square." This later was the "Waldo
patent," so called from the then principal proprietors. In 1631 "the Pejypscot
patent" of 1,500 acres on the north side of the river was granted to Richard
Bradshaw, to include "lands not formerly granted to any other." The last
grants of lands by the Plymouth Council in the territory now the State of
Maine were made in 1632. They were : First, the Pemaquid patent. This
extended " from the sea between Muscongus and Damariscotta rivers (includ-
ing the Damariscove islands and all others within nine leagues of the shore)
so far northward as to include 12,000 acres and one hundred acres for each
person brought by the proprietors within seven years and who reside here
three years." Second, the Way and Purchase patent, including a tract on the
river Bishoppscotte (Pejepscot), the Androscoggin and all that bounds and
limits the mainland to the extent of two miles. ^

By this time emigration was large to these new settlements, but many of
the projectors and merchant adventurers, who had furnished the means for
ships and stores, outfits of cattle and building materials, with necessary supplies
for the colonists, began to despair of adequate or any return from the vast
sums they had expended, and in 1634 Gorges and Mason became possessed of
all the interest of their associates, and, dividing their joint property, confined
their individual labors, the one to the northerly and the other to the southerly
side of the Piscataqua. The Plymouth Council was now doomed. Gorges
was again summoned before the House of Commons to show cause why the
charter should not be revoked. With unanswerable arguments presented
with brilliant eloquence he defended the Council and its measures. In his
argument he said: "Yes, I have spent X20,000 of my estate, and thirty years,

1 On account of the attempt to found a purely agricultural colony, and from the name of the first
vessel bringing emigrants, this was later known as the Plough patent.

- This reached, it is supposed, to Casco bay on the south, and was the cause of long and bitter con-
troversy with the Pejepscot proprietors, not settled until 1814.

54 History of Androscoggin County.

the flower of my whole life, in new discoveries and settlements upon a remote
continent, in the enlargement of my country's commerce and dominions, and
in carrying civilization and Christianity into regions of savages." All in vain.
Williamson says:

Never probably bad the discouragements of Gorges and Mason bordered more nearly
on despair. The charges of establishing a plantation in a wilderness they found to be
three-fold its worth. The planters, being hired servants or tenants, were often indolent
and wasteful ; and the fruits of their whole labor would not yield them a tolerable support.
No superintendent could control their erratic dispositions, or prevent their changes of
abode from place to place. The proprietors had never visited the country, nor established
a regular efficient government for the punishment of offenders or the preservation of order.
The French were making encroachments and committing mischief; the Itidians were rest-
less, if not unfriendly; and to crown all, a violent, unnatural warfare had commenced
between king and people at home.

Before it relinquished its charter the Plymouth Council drew lots, February*
3, 1635, "in presence of his Majesty," for the ownership of the twelve Grand
Divisions into which they divided their patent. The first division was called
the "County of Canada," included the Muscongus grant and the eastern
portion of the Pemaquid and Kennebec patents; the second was a small
division — from Pemaquid to Sagadahoc; the third stretched from the Kennebec
to the Androscoggin, taking in the west half of the Kennebec patent, a part of
old Laconia, and a part of Gorges and Mason's first grant; the fourth division
extended from Sagadahoc to Piscataqua, embracing Lygonia, Saco, and Agamen-
ticus (the third and fourth divisions were assigned to Sir Ferdinando Gorges
and became New Somersetshire); the fifth extended from the Piscataqua to
Naumkeag river, and from the sea to a line sixty miles north of the mouths
of those rivers, a part of the Isle of Shoals, and Masonia, which took 10,000
acres on the eastern side of Sagadahoc at its mouth (this was assigned to John
Mason); the sixth extended from Naumkeag river around the seacoast by
Cape Cod to Narragansett; the seventh "was the territory eastward of a
monumental boundary to be set up at a place equi-distant from Narragansett
and Connecticut river extending fifty miles into the country"; the eighth
reached from this to-be-erected monument to the Connecticut, and also extended
fifty miles back ; the ninth reached from the Connecticut to the Hudson,
running thirty miles back; the tenth was a parallelogram forty miles deep
between these last mentioned rivers immediately above the ninth division;
the eleventh was on the west bank of the Hudson from the fortieth parallel
of latitude, extending thirty miles into the country, and the twelfth, thirty
miles on the river by forty miles in depth, lay directly above the eleventh
division.

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 55

The Plymouth Council resigned its patent to the king April 25, 1635,
" reserving all grants by us made, and all vested rights." Sir Ferdinando
Gorges was later commissioned royal governor-general of New England, but
never came here.

Believing himself possessed of the same authority in government that the
Plymouth Council had exercised, so far as New Somersetshire was concerned,
Gorges sent his nephew, William Gorges, a man of manifest ability, as governor
of the province. He established at Saco, March 28, 1636, the first organized
court within the limits of Maine. William Gorges did not stay but about
two years, and the settlers of New Somersetshire, as well as those of New
Hampshire, looked yearningly on the protection to individual rights afforded
by the strong, wise, and systematic government of Massachusetts.

April 3, 1639, a new charter was granted, conveying uncommon powers,
and covering the territory "beginning at the mouth of the Piscataqua, and
going up that river through Newichawannock and Salmon Falls river north-
westward one hundred and twenty miles; from Piscataqua harbor northeast-
wards along the seacoast to Sagadahock; thence through that river and the
Kennebeck northwestward one hundred and twenty miles; thence over land to
the utmost northerly end of the line first mentioned; including the north half
of the Isle of Shoals, and the islands Capawock and Nautican near Cape Cod;
also all the islands and inlets within five leagues of the main, along the coasts
between the said rivers Piscataqua and Sagadahock." This territory was
granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and incorporated as the Province, or County
of Maine. A vigorous government with courts was at once established, the
city of Georgeana (Gorgeana) erected out of the borough of Agamenticus,
which city for more than ten years exercised civic authority in a very useful
manner. The settlements and governments of Gorges were conducted with
Episcopalianism as the established religious faith, and under royal favor, while
the rapidly growing province of Massachusetts was under dissenting faith
and more in favor of free institutions and the rights of the people.

In 1651 Massachusetts laid claim to a portion of Maine, and as Gorges's
government had failed to satisfy many of the inhabitants of Maine, they sought
to submit themselves to Massachusetts. Before this (1639) Purchase had
assigned the Pejepscot grant to the Massachusetts government, to secure its aid
and protection. By degrees the jurisdiction over Maine, commencing with a
limited territory in the southwest part, extended eastward, until by 1660 it
embraced the whole coast district to Passamaquoddy. In 1662 the king
confirmed the charter of Massachusetts, but in 1664 he issued an order to the
governor and council of Massachusetts requiring them to restore the Province
of Maine to Ferdinando Gorges, the grandson of Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Royal
commissioners were sent to re-instate the government of Gorges, but the old
order of things returned in a few years, and Massachusetts was the onl}^ stable

56 History of Androscoggin County.

power to which the people could look for protection amid the dangers of the
French and Indian war then in progress. So Massachusetts was encouraged to
maintain her hold, and May 6, 1677, through its agent, John Usher, it purchased
all the rights of Gorges for £1,250. A grave doubt arose concerning the powers
acquired by Massachusetts by this purchase, and assuming ownership only to
be conferred, the District of Maine was created and a governor appointed.
From this time until the separation — 1820— Maine was under the proprietor-
ship of Massachusetts.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PEJEPSCOT CLAIM.
By J. G. Elder.

Thomas Purchase — Purchase and Way's Patent — Assignment to Governor Winthrop —
Richard Wharton — The Six Indian Sagamores's Deed — Pejepscot Proprietors — Definition
of Territory.

PEJEPSCOT CLAIM.— Thomas Purchase settled on the Pejepscot, ^ now
the Androscoggin river, about 1628. The precise time as well as the
exact location are not known. It was undoubtedly within the present
limits of the town of Brunswick. Subsequently, it has been asserted, he lived
at Lisbon Falls. Purchase was a farmer and trader, and carried on an exten-
sive fur and peltr}'^ trade with the Indians. He has been charged with taking-
advantage of the natives in various ways, but chiefly in the sale of intoxicating
drinks. One old warrior of the Amonoscoggin tribe " once complained that
he had given an hundred Pounds for Water drawn out of Mr Purchase his
Well." In 1632 the Council for New England granted to Thomas Purchase
and George Way of Dorchester, England, certain lands on " Bishoppscotte "
river, which unquestionably included the territory occupied by Purchase.
Way probably never occupied any of the land covered by the grant, and it
is very doubtful if he ever visited this country, though his widow and sons
afterwards resided in Hartford, Conn. Purchase conveyed to Governor
Winthrop, in 1639, his land at Pejepscot, reserving the portion occupied and
improved by himself.

1 Pejepscot, according to Dr True, comes from requomsque, in the Algonquin language meaning
" it is crooked."

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 57

Within the limits of this patent Purchase lived and continued actively in
business until the first Indian war, known as King Philip's War, 1675-6,
when his buildings were destroyed and his family driven away. This was
probably in September, 1675. Purchase's loss was estimated at one thousand
pounds. It is said he was at Boston at the time, and had engaged passage in
Captain Walley's ship for London. There is no evidence that he returned to
his home on the Androscoggin. He died in Lynn, Mass., May 1, 1678. His
will was dated May 2, 1677, and probated June 4, 1678. One-third of his
estate was left to his wife, Elizabeth, and the other two-thirds to his five
children, Thomas, Jane, Elizabeth, Abraham, and Sarah. His widow married
John Blany of Lynn, November, 1679.

Richard Wharton, a Boston merchant, an Englishman by birth and educa-
tion, conceived the plan of establishing a " manor " after the style of English
gentlemen, and for that purpose bought, July 4, 1683, of the heirs of Purchase
and Way the land covered by their patent of 1632, as well as lands bought
by Purchase of the Indian sagamores. In this purchase of Wharton was
included the claim of John Shapleigh. The price paid the Purchase heirs
was one hundred and fifty pounds, thirty of which was paid down and the
remainder was to be paid when the heirs furnished a copy of the patent
given to Purchase and Way. There can be no doubt but the copy of the
patent was produced, for we find him, in 1687, making payments on account
of his purchase, satisfied with the " conformation he had obtained in right
of said Purchase and Way for said patent." Wharton's claim included the
whole of Harpswell, except a few islands, the greater part of Brunswick,
and a part of Topsham. But this tract of land, extensive as it was, did not
satisfy the Englishman's manorial ideas, for he sought and obtained from
Worombee and five other sagamores of the Androscoggin tribe, a large tract
of land on both sides of the Androscoggin river and extending to the
"uppermost falls in said Androscoggin river."

The Six Indian Sagamores's Deed to Richard Wharton. — To all People to whom
these Presents shall come ; Know yee that whereas near threescore years since M"" Thomas
Purchase dec'd came into this Country as we have been well informed and did as well
by Power or Patteut derived from the King of England as by Consent, Contract and
Agreement with Sagamores and Proprietors of all the Lands lying on the Easterly side of
Casco-bay, and on the both sides of Androscoggin River and Keunebeck River enter upon
and take Possession of all the Lands lying four Miles westward from the uppermost Falls
on said Androscoggin River to Maquoit in Casco-bay, and on the Lands on the other side
Androscoggin River from above said Falls down to Pejepscott and Merrymeeting Bay to
be bounded by a Southwest and Northeast Line to run from the upper part of said Falls to
Kennebeck River, and all the Land from Maquoit to Pejepscott and to hold the same
Breadth where the Land will bear it down to a Place callet Atkins's Bay near to Sagadehoc
on the Westerly side of Kennebeck River: And all the Islands in the said Kennebeck

58 History of Androscoggin County.

River and Land between the said Atliins's Bay, and Small Point Harbour the Lands &
Rivers, and Ponds interjacent containing therein Breadth about three English Miles more
or less. And Whereas we are well assured that Major Nicholas Shapleigh in his life time
was both by Purchase from the Indians Sagamores, our Ancestors and Consent of Mr
Gorge's Commissioners possessed and dyed seized of the remainder of the Lands lying and
Adjoyning upon the Main and all the Islands between the said Small Point harbour and
Maquoit aforesaid; and particularly of a Neck of Land called Merrycoueeg, and an Island
called Sebasco:degin. And whereas the Relict and Heirs of said Mr Purchase, and Major
Nicholas Shapleigh have reserved Accommodations for their several Families, sold all the
remainder of the aforesaid Lands and Islands to Richard Wharton of Boston Merchant,
and forasmuch as the said Mr 'Purchase did personally possess improve and inhabit at
Pejepscott aforesaid near the Centre or middle of all the Lands aforesaid for near Fifty
years before the late unhappy war; and whereas the said Richard Wharton hath desired
an Enlargement upon and between the said Androscoggin & Kennebeck River ; and to
encourage the said Richard Wharton to settle an English Town and promote the Salmon
and Sturgeon Fishery by which we promise ourselves great supplies, and Relief. Therefore
and for other good Causes and Considerations and especially for and in consideration of a
Valuable Sum received from the said Wharton iu Merchandize: We Warumbee Derumkine
Wehikermell Wedou-Domhegon, Neonongassett, and Wimbanewett chief Sagamores of all
the aforesaid, and other Rivers & Lands adjacent have iu confirmation of the said Richard
Wharton's Title and Property fully freely and absolutely Given Granted Ratifyed and
Confirmed to him the said Richard Wharton all the aforesaid Lands from the uppermost
part of Androscoggin Falls four miles Westward and so down to Maquoit and by said River
of Pejepscott; and from the other side oY Androscoggin Falls, all the Lands from the Falls
to Pejepscot and Merrymeeting Bay to Kennebeck and towards the Wilderness to be
bounded by a Southwest and Northeast Line to extend from the upper part of the said
Androscoggin uppermost Falls to the said River of Kennebeck; and all the Lands from
Maquoit to Pejepscott, and so to run and hold the same Breadth where the Land will bear
it unto Atkins's Bay in Kennebeck River and Small Point Harbour in Casco-bay; and all
Islands in Kennebeck & Pejepscott Rivers and Merrymeeting Bay and within the aforesaid
Bounds especially the aforesaid Neck of Land called Merryconeeg, and Island called
Sebasco-degin together with all Rivers, Rivoletts, Brooks, Ponds Pools Waters Water-
courses; all Woods Trees of Timber, or other Trees, and all Mines, Minerals, Quarries,
and especially the Sole and absolute use and benefitt of Salmon and Sturgeon fishing in all
the Rivers Rivuletts or Bays aforesaid ; and in all Rivers Brooks Creeks or Ponds within
any of the Bounds aforesaid : And also We the said Sagamore's have upon the consideration
aforesaid Given Granted liargained and sold Enfeoffed and Confirmed, and Do by these
presents Give Grant Bargain & Sell Aliene Enfeoflfe and Confirm unto him the said Richard
Wharton all the Lands lying five mihis above the Uppermost of the said Androscoggin falls
in Breadth and Length holding the same Breadth from Androscoggin falls to Kennebeck
River, and to be bounded by the aforesaid Southwest and Northeast Line and a parcell of
Land at Five Miles distance to run from Androscoggin to Kennebeck River as aforesaid.
Together with all Profitts, Priviledges Commodities Benefitts and Advantages, and
particularly to the Sole propriety lienefitt and Advantage of the Salmon and Sturgeon
fishing within the Bounds and Limitts aforesaid. To Have and to Hold, to him the said
Richard Wharton his heirs and Assigns for ever all the aforenamed Lands Priviledges and
Premisses withal Benefitts Rights Apurteuances, or Advantages that now or hereafter shall
or may belong unto any part or parcell of the Premisses fully freely and absolutely acquitted
and discharged from all former & other Gifts Grants Bargains Sales Mortgages and

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc.

59

incumbrances whatsoever. And we the said Warumbee, Darumkin, Wehikermett, Wedou
Domhegou, Neonougassett, and Nimbanewett Do covenant and grant to and with the said
Rich*! Wharton that we have in ourselves good Right & full power thus to confirm and
convey the Premisses: and that we our heirs and successors shall and will Warrant and
Defend the Richard Wharton his heirs and assigns forever in the Peaceable Enjoyment of the
Premisses and every part thereof against all & every Person or Persons that may legally
claim any Rights, Title Interest or Property in the Premisses by from or under us the
abovenamed Sagamores, or any of our Ancestors. Provided nevertheless that Nothing in
this Deed be construed to Deprive us the said Sagamores Successors or People from
improving our Antient Planting Grounds: nor from hunting in any of said Lands being
not enclosed; Nor from Fishing for our own Provision so long as no damage shall be to the
English fishery. Provided also that nothing herein contained shall prejudice any of the
English Inhabitants or Planters being at present actually possessed of any part of the
Premisses and legally deriving Right from said Mr Purchase and or Ancestors. In
Witness whereof we the aforenamed Sagamores well understanding the Purport hereof
do set to our hands & Seals at Pejepscott the Seventh day of July in the Thirty fifth
Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second One thousand six
hundred Eighty four.

In presence of us
John Blaney
James Andrews
Henry Waters
John Parker
George Felt

The Mark of Warumbee

The Mark of Darumkin

The Mark of Wehikermett

The Mark of Wedon Domhegon

The Mark of Neonougassett
The Mark of Nimbanewett

w

and a seal

X

and a seal

(^d

and a seal

o

and a seal

^

and a seal

oo

and a seal

Memorandum ry.^^^ ^^p^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^^^ jy^^^ withiu written Deed the several Sagamores
whose Names are Subscribed thereto and inserted therein did at the Fort of Pejepscott
deliver quiet and Peaceable Possession of the Premisses with Livery & Seizin to
Mr John Blaney and his Wife. Mr John Blaney & his Wife in their own Right as she is
administratrix to the Estate of M^" Thomas Purchase deceased; and in Right of his
Children also the said Mi" Blaney as attorney to M^ Eleazer Way did the same day deliver
quiet and peaceable possession with Livery & Seizin of the Premisses to M^' Richard Wharton
the Quantity of Seven hundred Acres of Land being excepted according to a former
Agreement

Taken upon Oath this 19th
Henry Waters day of July 1684 this was sworn

John Parker to by John Parker

Before me Edward Tyng Justice o' peace

James Andrews aged about forty nine Years testifyeth upon Oath that he saw this
Deed or Instrument Sealed and delivered by the six Sagamores within named to Mr Richard
Wharton and saw John Parker and George Felt the other Witnesses subscribe as Witnesses
as now they are on the Indorsement above.

Sworn before me this 21 July 1684 Edward Tyng Justice 0' Peace

60 History of Androscoggin County.

Falmouth in Casco-bay July 21. 1684

Waruinbee the Sagamore within named this day appeared before me and in behalf of
himself and other Sa,t?araores that Sealed & Delivered the within written Instrument
acknowledged the same to be his and their free and Voluntary Act & Deed

Edward Tyng Justice 0' Peace.

John Parker of Kennebeck aged about Fifty years deposeth that he saw this Deed
Signed Sealed & delivered by the Several Sagamores within named And he saw possession
together with Livery and Seizin of the Premisses as is expressed in the other indorsement
on this Deed and in presence of the several Witnesses thereto Subscribing: And further
the Deponent saith that upon the Eleventh of this instant month he with Mr Henry Waters
were present and Saw Warumbee deliver Possession and Livery and Seizin by a Turf &
Twig and Bottle of Water taken by himself of the Land and out of the main Elver above
Androscoggin Falls to Richard Wharton in full Complyance with a Conveyance of the
premisses within granted and Confirmd.

Taken upon Oath the 9th of July 1684.

Before me Edward Tyng Justice 0 ' Peace.

Shortly after this transfer Wharton sailed for England for the purpose of
securing from the crown a recognition of his claim and the authority to
establish a manor in the then " Province of Majaie." But this magnificent
enterprise failed, Wharton having died (May, 1689,) before the proper
authority could be obtained.

Pejepscot Company. — Four years after the death of Wharton, administra-
tion de bonis non on his estate was granted December 30, 1693, to Ephraira
Savage of Boston, and four years later the Superior Court at Boston authorized
and empowered Savage to sell the estate in order to liquidate the debts.
Acting in accordance with the authority given him by the Court, Savage sold,
on November 5, 1714, the whole of Wharton's claim on the Pejepscot to
Thomas Hutchins, Adam Winthrop, John Watts, David Jefferies, Stephen
Minot, Oliver Noyes, John Buck, and John Wenthworth, for one hundred and
forty pounds. These persons constituted the original Pejepscot Company,
taking the name of the river below the " Twenty-Mile Falls." In the early
part of the next year the proprietors submitted to the General Court of
Massachusetts Bay a series of propositions relating to their claim and its
settlement, and on the tenth of June, 1715, the General Court passed resolu-
tions in accordance therewitli, giving validity to their title and accepting the
propositions submitted. By this act the Company became the undoubted
legal owners of the land they had purchased.

Notwithstanding this recognition of their title by the General Court,
controversies soon arose in regard to the limits of their claim. This question
was forced upon them by the Plymouth Company who had a patent for lands
on the Kennebec river. The question of boundaries is most important. The
descriptions of the old patents are very obscure and often indefinite.

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 61

Frequently they overlap each other, and occasionally the latter completely
covers the former one. The bounds given to Purchase and Way are explicit
in one direction, and Purchase, in his conveyance to Massachusetts, gives the
limits in another ; and there could be no doubt about Nicholas Shapleigh's
claim, as it was bounded by Purchase's claim and the "sea." But that which
occasioned the greatest controversy was the description of the Warumbee
deed which included the above grants, but much more. The contest became
intense, and the rival corporations pushed their claims with tireless energy.
If the Pejepscot Company could not extend their bounds on the south and
east beyond the limits of the grants made to Purchase and Shapleigh, they
were undoubtedly entitled to more on the north and west. The deed covered
"all the aforesaid lands from the uppermost part of Androscoggin Falls," four
miles westward, and so down to Maquoit, and on the other side of the
river from the same falls to the Kennebec, on a line running southwest and
northeast.

The Pejepscot proprietors, as early as February, 1758, appointed a
committee to carry into execution the "divisional line," who reported four
years later " that they had exchanged proposals with the Plymouth Company "
for the purpose of establishing the line between these conflicting claims ; but
the committee could not agree "where to fix the mouth of said Cathance
river." In 1766 a settlement was made which recognized the southern line of
Bowdoinham and the Kennebec river as the "divisional line" between the rival
companies. The northern line was, however, unsettled. The Massachusetts
Legislature, March 8, 1787, passed a resolution which declared: "That the
Twenty Miles Falls, so called, in Androscor/f/in river, being about twenty miles
from Brvnsu'ick Great Falls, should be called the U[>permost Great Falls in
Androscoi/f/hi river, referred to in the deed from Warumbee and five other
Indian Sagamores, confirming the right of Richard Wharton and Thomas
Purchase, executed July seventh, in the year of our Lord 1684, in the
thirty -fifth year of the reign of King Charles the second."

" And it is further Resolved, as the boundries of the Pejepscut Company
so called, have not been ascertained, that the committee on the subject of
unappropriated lands in the counties of Lincoln and Cumberland, be, and
they are hereby directed not to locate or dispose of any lands lying upon
Androscoggin river, and between said river and lands claimed by the
Plymouth Company to the southward of the south line of Bakerstown [now
Poland] bounded at the said Great Fall in Androscoggin river aforesaid, on
the west and south line of Port Royal [now Livermore] on the east of said
Andro seo<j<i in river."

These boundaries were not satisfactory to the proprietors and they refused
to recognize them. In order to settle these disputes the General Court, March
21, 1793, passed the following resolve :

62 History of Androscoggin County.

Whereas There is reason to beheve that certain persons under the denomination of the
Pejepscot Proprietors have unlawfully entered on the lands of this commonwealth lying
on both sides of Androscoggin river, in the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln, claiming
the same under the pretence of title, which has rendered it expedient to have the limits of
their claim settled by judicial proceedings: Therefore, Resolved, That the attorney
general be, and he is hereby directed to commence and prosecute action or actions, process
or processes, according to the laws of this commonwealth, in order to remove intruders,
and to cause the commonwealth to be quieted in the possession of the lands thereof, on
both sides of the said Androscoggin river, above and northerly of a southwest line drawn on
the westerly side of the said river, from the uppermost part of the upper falls in the town
of Brunswick; and on the east side of the said river, northwardly of a northeast line drawn
from the said river, five miles above the said uppermost falls in the town of Brunswick,
extending up the said river to the limits of this commonwealth and holding the breadth of
four miles on the west side of said river, and extending to the lands belonging to the
Plymouth company, and Kennebec river, on the east side of said river; provided that no
suit or process shall be brought against any person within the limits of the tract before
described, holding under a grant from this government, or by a title confirmed by this
government. And it is further resolved, that the attorney general be and he is hereby
empowered, at the expense of the commonwealth, to obtain such assistance in the
prosecution of such suits as he may judge necessary.

This action of the General Court was unquestionably for the purpose of
compelling the Pejejjscot proprietors to agree upon some terms in relation to
the limits of their claim. The settlers were importuning the General Court
for relief from the exactions of tlie proprietors. The settlers were of the
opinion that the lands they occupied were government property, and the
Pejepscot proprietors were equally sure of their right to the premises. Many
of these settlers had bought their farms of former occupants and supposed
their titles were valid, but in numerous cases they were obliged to pay the
Pejepscot proprietors, or surrender their lands. But the determined purpose
on the })art of the proprietors not to accede to the decision of the General
Court only exasperated the settlers, and they gave expression to their
indignation, in many cases, by acts -of violence. Disguised as Indians, they
often made personal attacks on the proprietors, and frequently destroyed their
property. These manifestations of violence culminated in a riot in Lewiston
in the autumn of 1800, and on other occasions Colonel Josiah Little, who
succeeded the Pejepscot i)roprietors in the ownership of the land in Lewiston
and adjoining towns, came near losing his life.

In 1798 Colonel Josiah Little, one of the company, who had been elected
agent of the proprietors, petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts,
asking them to empower the Attorney-General to enter into a rule of the
Supreme Judicial Court all the controversies and disputes existing between
the Commonwealth and the Pejepscot proprietors. The General Court readily
acceded to this petition and authorized the attorney-general, Hon. James

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 63

Sullivan, to enter into a rule of the Supreme Judicial Court of the County
of Lincoln all questions of dispute between the Commonwealth and the
proprietors. By the terms of the resolve Mr Sullivan was to appoint
the commissioners (subject to the approval of Colonel Little) to whom "any
or all" the controversies in dispute were to be submitted. It was also
stipulated that as there liad been " disputes and controversies " between the
proprietors and many of the persons who had settled within the limits of the
Pejepscot claim, that some equitable mode should be provided for adjusting
the claims. The conditions imposed by the General Court were that these
settlers should have one hundred acres of land so laid out as best to include
the improvements made by them, and for such sums of money and on such
terms and conditions as the commissioners should judge reasonable. The
expense of the commission "to be paid by the proprietors and settlers in
equal halves."

Mr Sullivan informed the General Court the next year that he had agreed
to submit to Levi Lincoln, Samuel Dexter, Jr, and Thomas Dwight, the
disputes between the Commonwealth and the Pejepscot proprietors, and asked
for an appropriation to defray the expenses of the commission, and the General
Court appropriated one thousand dollars for that purpose. The commissioners
made their award February, 1800, which was substantially that affirmed by the
General Court in 1787. This award was not satisfactorj^ to the proprietors
who claimed that the Uppermost Falls, mentioned in the Warumbee deed, were
not the Twenty-Mile Falls, but those now known as Rumford Falls. This
claim was groundless and the boundaries were hnally established about 1814,
by decisions in the courts of Cumberland and Lincoln counties, on the basis
of the award of 1800. As finally settled the territory embraced Topsham, a
part of Lisbon, all of Lewiston and Greene, three-fourths of Leeds, all of
Brunswick, nearly all of Durham, most of Auburn, and a part of Poland.

The disputes between the company and the settlers were adjusted according
to the award made by the commissioners, Nathaniel Dumraer, Ichabod Goodwin,
and John Lord, appointed by the governor, who made the assignments and
prescribed the terms and conditions of payment. About twenty thousand acres
of land were conveyed to the settlers by virtue of the conditions stipulated.
Thus ended a controversy which had continued for nearly a century, and been
participated in by more than three generations. None of the parties were
satisfied, but it gave substantial rest to those who for a long time held their
homes by doubtful titles.

64 History of Androscoggin County.

CHAPTER Vn.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS, PROGRESS AND CHANGES.

Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley — After the Revolution — Population from
1780 to 1800 — Commencement of the Nineteenth Century — Et!ects of the War of 1812 —
Severity of CHmate — The Cold Year— Improvement in Condition —Changes and Progress
in Agriculture — Development and Transition — Manufacturing.

IN THE last decade of the seventeenth century settlements were undertaken
on both sides of the Androscoggin at Pejepscot Lower Falls by gentlemen
of energ}^ and means, but fears of impending Indian warfare prevented
great advancement. Fort George was built here in 1715 where a small fort
of early days had gone to ruin, but in 1718 there were no established homes in
Brunswick but those inside the walls of the fort, and in the block house at
Maquoit Bay, where Lieutenant Woodside kept a guard to protect the lauding
of stores and the road to the fort. In 1722 Brunswick was burned by the
Indians who had destroyed three families in Topsham in 1716. After the war
closed Fort George was rebuilt (1727) and again became the nucleus of a
settlement. In 1730 the garrison was so large that a chaplain was stationed
here. It was here that Sabattus, sagamore of the Anasagunticooks, requested
tlie government to keep stores whence his people could be supplied in times of
need. Still civilization was kept back by fear of the Indians. Brunswick,
from the protection of the fort and soldiers, advanced the most, and was
incorporated in 1738, twenty-nine of the citizens signing the petition. About
forty families were then living in town. Topsham as late as 1750 had but
eighteen families, and in 1764 Brunswick had a population of 308.

The financial condition of the United States at the close of the Revolution
was very poor. An enormous debt in the shape of the large issues of pa|)er
money which the exigencies of the war had brought into being was in the
hands of the people demanding payment, and there was no means of payment.
The soldiers had been paid with it, and, on account of its great depreciation,
"a bushel of it would not buy a breakfast." The only means of giving an
equivalent was in tlie unappropriated lands in the several commonwealths.
Massachusetts had plenty of wild land in the District of Maine, and to her
unemployed citizens who had served in the army was given the opportunity of
settling on "states land" where they could develop homes for their families
and give in payment at face value the colonial scrip otherwise valueless. From

Early Settlements, Progress and Changes. 65

this offer arose a great emigration to Maine, and the Valley of the Androscoggin
received its share. Although in many of the towns or settlements the claim
of the state to the lands was opposed by that of the Pejepscot proprietors, still
many had no faith that a conveyance made by wandering Indians could hold
against the civilized claims of Massachusetts, and, pleased with the country,
became settlers, and even where the disputed territory became the property of
tlie Pejepscot proprietors, in numerous cases made their permanent homes.
So in the history of every town we find its beginnings of civilization made by
Massachusetts men, and the rolls of the settlers sound like the poll lists of Old
Colony and Massachusetts Colony towns.

In 1784 there were thirty families living in Turner (increased to 349
population in 1790, and 722 in 1800). The settlement in Greene, begun before
the Revolution, numbered nearly five hundred people at its incorporation in
1788, and in 1796 a post-office was established. Royalsborough had been
settled rapidly from 1760, and when incorporated as Durham in 1789 was a
prosperous community. Poland had 1,400 inhabitants at its incorporation in
1794. Lewiston in 1790 had 532 residents, while at the settlement of Port
Royal, later Livermore, about 400 people were living (increased to 863 in
1800). Thompsonborough (Lisbon) became a town in 1799. Littleborough
(Leeds) and Pejepscot (Danville) had thriving communities.

The nineteenth century opened with prosperity prevailing here. The
critical and dependent period of struggling for homes among the forests during
the pioneer stage had passed away. Comfortable farms of productive new
soil had begun to be remunerative, while a steady immigration flowed hither
from the old towns of Massachusetts and the Maine coast. The lumber and
fur trades were valuable and largely extended, and a wise legislature had taken
measures to prevent the extermination of deer and fur-bearing animals. As
early as 1784 an act was passed making it a penal offense to cut one of the
primitive growth of white pine upon the public land, thus following the laws
enacted under William and Mary and Georges I and II, and regulations were
made for the maintenance of a standard quality of lumber, pot and pearl
ashes, etc., which gave an added value to these productions of a new country.
There was, however, little money in circulation and heavy taxes pressed heavily
upon the people whose commodities brought returns in barter rather than
money. The cotton and linen goods used were largely, if not wholly, the
production of the mothers and daughters at the home fireside, while the
tanned hides of the deer, moose, etc., formed an important factor in making
the clothing of the men. Industry, temperance, and economy were cardinal
principles of this generation, and there was an uncommon increase in the value
of lands and in their improvement. Williamson justly says: —

To clear the woodlands of their rugged incumbrances, and render them smooth for the
plough and the scythe and fit for human habitaucy, required a fortitude and persevering

66 History of Androscoggin County.

industry which are never permitted to abate. The first settlers possessed these qualities
in an eminent degree. Nor were their felicities all in prospect. Rough as the log house
may appear to the eye of luxury— it was usually the sanctuary of virtue, of health, of
character, and the birthplace of many such as the world calls great. Even the merest
wood-cutter amidst his solitude breathes a nectarine atmosphere and exults in his freedom
as he sees field added to field and "cottage after cottage rise," until the wilderness changes
and brightens into towns, the products of honest adventure and productive toil — the
prospective dwelling places of posterity in successive generations.

Up to the breaking out of the War of 1812 the settlements flourished.
The coasting vessels brought articles of necessity that were easily and cheaply
obtained by the people and many of their products were sold at remunerative
prices. With the War came hard times. The force of the embargo was heavily
felt. A stagnation occurred in all business. The coasting trade was at an end.
No markets could be had for home products and the articles of necessity so
common and cheap before the War were hardly to be procured, and then only
at enormous prices. Emigration took many to the new lands of the West.
The deprivations caused by the cold seasons of 1815, 1816, and 1817 added to
the gloom and discontent. Many people sold their homes for a tithe of their
value to go to more promising lands. Small grain of all kinds was very scarce.
The poorer settlers had much difficulty to get seed, and how to obtain bread
was an unsolved and often an unsolvable problem.

From the first the settlers had grave trials and unlooked-for calamities. In
1785 there was a remarkable freshet which carried off all of their bridges and
was unprecedented for height. The year 1791 was marked by a great incursion
of grasshoppers; they ate the corn and potatoes to the ground, and in many
fields not one bushel of potatoes was raised. By 1802 crows were so numerous
and destructive that one of the first acts of the new town of Minot was to
vote a bounty of twelve and a half cents for each head. In 1815 winter
continued through the spring months, snow falling in the middle of May from
twelve to eighteen inches in depth. December was very cold. January, 1816,
was extremely mild. February, mild, with a few cold days. March, first half
cold and boisterous, last half mild. April commenced warm, but growing
steadily colder was like winter when it closed. May was cold; corn was killed,
replanted and again killed; buds and fruits were frozen; ice formed half an
inch thick. June was still colder than May. Snow fell to the depth of ten
inches, nearly every green plant was killed, and fruit was everywhere blighted,'
July was a winter montli with snow and ice. Corn, except on some hill farms
and in some extremely warm locations, was entirely killed. August was cold,
ice forming half an inch thick. The corn and green plants the previous months
liad spared were frozen. September, after the first two weeks, which were

iRcv. Ransom Dunham, of Paris, as quoted by Dr Lapham in " History of Norway," says: "In
18U), June 7th, snow fell two inches. I redo from Hebron to Livermore on horseback and came
near freezing. It was so cold that it killed the birds. English robins were frozen to death."

Eaely Settlements, Progress and Changes. 67

warm, was cold and frosty. October was colder than usual, with much ice and
frost. November was cold, with sleighing. December was pleasant. The corn
of 1815 sold for seed in 1817, bringing from $2 to 13 a bushel; wheat was
worth as much. This year was a cold and frosty one; all crops were seriously
injured, corn nearly ruined. Flour brought from eight to ten cents a pound;
corn could not be bought after the spring-time.

The fall of 1817 was the commencement of better days. The crops were
bounteous. Those who had not migrated tarried, and set themselves to draw
support from the soil and were successful. Uncommon efforts were now put
forth throughout the state to promote agriculture, and in 1818 an agricultural
society was organized "to cultivate enterprise and improvements in farming,
horticulture, and stock raising." Prosperity again returned, and the Andros-
coggin towns grew in strength and wealth until the coming of the financial
depressions which culminated in the panic of 1837.^ After slowly recovering
from these hard times, agriculture was a profitable employment for many years,
yet its character was steadily changing. The wheat crop, once an extensive
one, was limited about 1840 by the attacks of the weevil, yet up to 1850
enough was raised to provide flour for home use. The culture of flax and the
home manufacture of cloth was discontinued after 1840 with the buildinsf of
woolen mills that made satinets and exchanged them for wool. This gave an
impetus to sheep raising. Before this time sheep were only raised to produce
the small amount of wool needed for domestic use and occasionally a little
mutton. Roast lamb was always in order at " huskings." The greatest number
of sheep was raised from 1835 to 1850, and in the last decade of that period
many importations of merinos were made and the quality greatly improved.
Since the civil war but few sheep have been raised. Indian corn was an
extensive crop fifty years ago and its yield to the acre was but little short of
that of tlie prairies. But a small amount is now grown. With the establish-
ment of canning factories in the last few years the culture of sweet corn has
been entered upon to quite an extent. From the first settlement every farmer
had his orchard, not as a source of revenue but of home comfort and social
enjoyment. The evening caller and day visitor was regaled with apples and
cider, and cider mills were in operation during the fall in every section of

1 The Aroostook or Madawaska War, in 1839, claimed national attention, and arose from tlie dispute
about the northeastern boundary. New Brunswick and the United States claiming the same territory.
In 1839 a party from New Brunswick captured Rufus Mclntire, a land agent of Maine, near M.adawaska
settlement, and took him to Frederioton. Considering this an usurpation and an invasion of Maine,
Governor Fairfield called out the militia and actual warfare seemed imminent. General Hodsdon was
made commander, and rendezvoused the troops at Bangor and Augusta. General Winfield Scott came
to Maine as the military representative of the United States, and sent a demand to the provincial
government for the release of Mclntire. The demand was complied with and the state troops
disbanded. All anxiety concerning further trouble was removed by the Webster-Ashburton treaty in
1842, which defined the boundary. The militia of the Androscoggin County towns was engaged in
this incipient war, and old settlers yet tell of the excitement and deprivation of their camp life on the
road and at Augusta.

68 History of Androscoggin County.

the settlements. When the making of cider was forbidden orchards were
neglected and many trees were cut down. About 1870 a foreign demand and
market were created for American apples, and from that time great attention
has been paid to orcharding, and with profit. Greene and Turner find here a
rich source of income, as Maine apples bring highest prices.

The raising of cattle was made a specialty about 1870, and from 1875 to
1880 great improvement was made by the bringing in of Durham, Hereford,
Jersey, and Holstein stock, and to-day these breeds prevail in the stock
of the county. The breeding of fine horses, now so extensively and profit-
ably carried on, was commenced somewhat later. Many have valuable farms
devoted to this, and nearly every farmer has some colt that promises speed
and a high price. The growth of Lewiston and Auburn has caused market
gardening to be taken up by many within a short distance of the cities and
the growing of small fruits is also a profitable business. Creameries and
butter factories have been recently established in various places and have
yielded fine returns. In 1874 the Grange was established here and has worked
with perceptible good among the farmers, and while those who cling to the
methods of farming in vogue forty years ago complain that there is no " money
in farming," those who have kept in touch with the changing conditions of
the country and adapted their agriculture to the new demands arising, and
who have given energy and capital to the production of a proper supply realize
that farming will pay in Androscoggin county. The canning factories are
having a marked influence upon the new agriculture. The corn canned is
"sweet corn." As an illustration of their effect we clip this item from a
Lewiston Journal of March, 1891: —

The manageraeut of the United Packers canniof;- factory in Auburn paid out $12,000
last season for goods and for help. As will be seen the industry is one of considerable
importance to Auburn and surrounding towns. Last season an unusually large business
was done at this factory, but the prospects are that this season they will do a still greater
business. As is known they commenced operations last season in the early fall, continuing
it into the winter to a considerable extent. On a conservative estimate their total pack
was as follows: corn, 5,000 cases; pears, 500 cases; plums, 200 cases; api)les, 10,000
bushels; lima beans, 6 tons, besides a large quantity of other kinds of beans, and quantities
of pumpkin and squash. With the exception of corn the farmers were paid the cash on
delivery of goods; the corn was paid for by checks later on, as is the usual custom. Last
year they paid three cents for every twenty-six ounces of corn ; this year they are engaging
acreage at three and one-fourth cents for twenty-six ounces. This is an advance of
one-fourth of a cent over last year, an advance asked by the farmers of the canning
concerns hereabouts not so long since. The United Packers will pack the same kind of
goods at their Auburn factory as last season and will pay the market price for everything
they buy. They will put up more corn and of everything than last season.

Agriculture was superseded by manufacturing as a business factor by the
development of the magnificent water-power of Lewiston, the growth of the

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 69

shoe industry of Auburn, and the establishment of the pulp and paper mills
at Mechanic Falls, Livermore, and Lisbon, and the wealth derived from
agriculture now forms but a small fraction of that produced by the diversified
manufactories within the limits of the county.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE BIRDS OF ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY.

By Herbert E. Walter.

Notes on the Perching Birds of Androscoggin county, supplemented by a Catalogue
of Other Species, excluding the shore and water birds, also identified in the county.

Introductory Note. — It is a pleasant office to turn the eyes of busy mankind from
the dusty turmoil of the work-a-day world to the green fields, the fragrant coolness of the
woods, and our friends in feathers which dwell there. Even during the blustering, snow-
bound period of our Maine winter the birds do not entirely forsake us, but it is especially
in the spring and summer that they bring us their offering of song and sunshine. By the
last of March the pageant begins with the arrival of the robins, bluebirds, and song
sparrows, and soon the highways of the air are thronged with the little travelers, and not
until the last of May, when the plaintive notes of that frowsy-headed procrastinator, the
wood-pewee, are heard, does the winged stream from the south cease. Nothing is more
fascinating when once begun, or more health-giving, mentally, morally, and physically,
than to study these wonderful creatures of the earth and air, and if a greater sympathy
than has hitherto existed between some reader of these notes and God's feathered helpers,
becomes aroused, the object of writing them will have been attained. The endeavor has
been to give such points as shall enable an observer to identify the bird as seen alive in the
open air of the fields and forests, for the needless shooting of birds should be severely
condemned. In compiling the following notes I am indebted to the well-known works of
Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway; Cones; Samuels; Stearns; Brown; Minot and Oliver Davie; to
which I have continually been obliged to turn in order to supplement my own scanty notes,
and I am especially under obligation to Professor J. Y. Stanton, not only for much valuable
assistance which he has generously given me in preparing this article, but also for inspiring
within nie a love for the birds. • g j^ -^

THE Passeres, or Perchers, including one-third of all our birds, are divided
into two sub-orders. The Oscines, or singers, constitute the first sixteen
families, and the single family of the Tyrannidre, or fly-catchers, makes up
the second sub-order of Clamatores, or non-singers. The nomenclature of the
American Ornithological Union is used in this article.

70 History of Androscoggin County.

First Sub-order— OSCINES. First Family — Turdidae.

The tlirush family occurs everywhere, except in Australia, and includes the
highest singers. Although twenty-two thrushes are catalogued for the United
States, only five have been seen in this county. Their special mission seems
to be to rid the surface of the ground of noxious insects. Singing at the close
of day seems to be a family characteristic.

1. WILSON'S THRUSH. Turdus fuscesoens. Stephens.

This is the "veery," and he holds an enviable position among our singers.
His back is colored throughout a reddish-brown, and his breast, instead of
being mottled like the hermit's, presents a faded appearance. They often sing
their low, flute-like song in concert. Arriving here the last of April, the
retrograde migration begins the last of August, and by the middle of September
hardly a straggler is left.

2. BICKNELL'S THRUSH. Turdus alici/E bicknelli. Ri(l(iway.

Olive back and gray cheeks. They rear their young well up towards the
sunnnit of Mount Washington, and probably pass through Androscoggin
county, though I am not aware that it has ever been seen here.
:3. OLIVE-HACKED THRUSH. Turdus usi'ulatus swainsonii. Cahanis.

Uniformly olive from head to tail, with spotted breast. He is sometimes
seen in this county on his migration during May. With us he only utters a
sharp, harsh call-note, but after he reaches his northern home and begins
housekeeping, he vindicates his right to belong to a musical family.
4. HERMIT THRUSH. Turdus aonalaschk^^ pallasii. Cahanis.

Like Jennie Lind, here is a "natural-born singer," by many' regarded as
entirely without a rival among our feathered vocalists. He is a shy bird as his
name suggests, and his plumage accords with the dry leaves and twigs of early
spring, but his song is divine in its sweetness and plaintive melody. It is
heard in out-of-the-way thicket places, flute-like, clear and woodsy, just at
night-fall and in early morning. They arrive by the middle of April, but soon
become rare in comparison to Wilson's, which follows soon after. They
usually rear two broods.

.5. AMERICAN ROBIN. Merula mioratoria. Linnaus.

Tlie pilgrims at Plymouth, worn out and discouraged by that first long,
dreary winter on our "rock-bound coast," hailed with joy, when spring came at
last, this cheerful thrush so familiar to us all. In their homesickness they
christened him the robin, althougli no ties of relationship bind him to his
English namesake. He is the pioneer of the spring, being, with the bluebird,
the earliest to arrive from the south. Sometimes a stracrgler remains all
winter, finding shelter low down in the thick bushes of a swamp. They rear
their young everywhere excej)t in the grass or on the ground, and usually have
two or three broods during the season. Young robins are very voracious, and

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 71

while attaining their majority keep their industrious parents at work from
morning till night to supply them with insect food. Mr William Brewster,
in The Auk for October, 1890, brings to our notice one peculiar habit of the
robins that has escaped the notice of even the ornithologists until recently.
The male robins do not remain over night in the vicinity of the nest, but at
night-fall fly off to a "roost" together in some dense grove of trees, congre-
gating there night after night in great numbers. This habit, so far as has
been observed,' is peculiar to the robin.

6. BLUEBIRD. Sialia sialis. Linn/nts.

"Skj'-'tinged above, earth-tinged below." Coming from the south with the
robin the last of March, the bluebird is among the first of our migrants. Soon
after their arrival they retire to the woods, usually building a coarse nest
in stumps or deserted woodpeckers' holes. Their warbling call-note is some-
times mistaken for that of the robin, which it resembles.

Second Family — Sylviidse.

7. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus satrapa. Lichtensfcin.

The males have an olive-green back and an orange-red, yellow-margined
crown, while the crowns of the females are entirely yellow. Length about
four inches. The weiglit of this tiny bird is only one-sixth of an ounce, yet
he is with us from about the first of October until the middle of April,
evidently enjoying our winter weather. They breed in the northern part of
Maine, and one nest has been identified by Dr Brewer as far south as Bangor.
They are very social, and are usually seen flying restlessly about among the
bare twigs, after insects and their larvae, in company with nuthatches and
chickadees. Their note while with us consists of three or four lisps, zee-zee-zee,
given in quick succession.

8. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus calendula. Linmeus.

The mature male has a scarlet patch on his head ; the female none.
Rearing its young in Nova Scotia, this bird is with us only for two or three
weeks from the middle of April, but he makes his stay memorable by his
spirited singing, which is quite remarkable for so small a musician. The song
is very difficult of description, but once heard will never be forgotten. In
habits the ruby-crowned are similar to the golden-crowned.

Third Family— Paridse.

9. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis. Latham.

Ashy blue above and dirty white beneath, with a black cap and neck and
white cheeks. The nuthatches have long bills and go up trees like the wood-
peckers, except their tails are too short for bracing. This deficiency is more
than made good, however, by their sharp claws. They stay throughout the
year, nesting in hollow trees. Their note is a peculiar nasal cark, repeated

72 History of Androscoggin County.

rapidly at intervals. They also have a sibilant note, uttered while searching
the bark of trees for insects. Length, six inches.

10. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCB. Sitta canadensis. Linnmis.

Back slaty; under parts a brownish rusty red. A black line, beneath a
white line, runs through each eye. In shape and habits similar to No. 9,
excepting that they remain here very rarely throughout the summer. A pair
nested in a hollow tree near Lewiston in the summer of 1890. The hole of
the nest is usually smeared with pitch. Some say in explanation that this is
to catch insects, and others say that, with more than human thoughtfulness,
they wipe their pitch-besmeared feet at the entrance of the nest whenever they
return from foraging excursions up and down the trunks and limbs of pine
trees. They usually arrive from the north the third week in August and
remain until the first of April.

11. CHICKADEE. Parus atricapillus. Linmrus.

This is the bird that is happy and cheerful with us all the year around and
familiar enough to be a living example to every one. He has two songs, the
one, chick-a-dee-dee, and the other, given only rarely, a flute-like pt'-wee-wee.
Like the nuthatches and kinglets they are always busy, searching out with
never-failing eye the insects and the eggs and pupte of insects that infest trees
and bushes. They build in hollow trees and rear large families, usually seven.

12. HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE. Pards hudsoniccts. Forster.

This rare visitor has a brown cap and is slightly smaller than his more
familiar cousin, whom he resembles in habits and disposition. They breed in
Labrador and the Hudson Bay region and very rarely in the winter come as
far south as Androscoggin count3^ The writer took a specimen near Lewiston,
February 5, 1890, and a second May 5th of the same year, and three other
stragglers were taken iu this locality during that season, with these excep-
tions, so far as I am informed, the bird has not been seen within the county
for several years. They fly in company with the other chickadees.

Fourth Family — Certhiidae.

13. BROWN CREEPER. Certhia familtaris Americana. Bonaparte.

Upper parts dark brown, streaked with ashy white, with a curved bill as
long as the head. This is the only genus of the family in America. He
remains in this county throughout the year, although seen less frequently dur-
ing the summer months. The nest was not found for years, but finally it was
discovered that it built iu the bark-pockets formed by the loosening of the
bark from the wood of balsam firs growing in swampy places. He climbs
trees like the woodpecker, bracing with his tail, and is often seen ascending
and descending trees in spirals. His usual note is only a sibilant lisp which
has been represented hy the syllables cre-e, cre-e^ cre-e-ep.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 73

Fifth Family— Troglodytidse.

14. CATBIRD. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Linmeus.

This is the " Maine mocking-bird." A black-capped, dark slate individual,
with the versatility and nonchalance of a Yankee. He arrives early in May
and chooses some exposed place a few feet from the ground, like a clump of
bushes, in which to build his nest of bark, sticks, and leaves. The finishing
touch of his architecture is usually weaving into his nest a discarded snake
skin. Besides mewing like a cat, whence his name, he has at his command
quite an extensive repertoire that he has picked up from his neighbors.
Mr John Burroughs says of him: "He is a good versifier, but not a great
poet." His food is almost exclusivel}^ the larvae of insects, and so, notwith-
standing he is Paul-Pry-on-wings and makes havoc with fruit, he is a valuable
friend of the farmer, after all. The eggs, usually four, are the darkest of all
our blue eggs and are unspotted.

15. BROWN THRASHER. Harporhtnchus rufus. Linncp.us.

Upper parts a rich, rusty red. Under parts white, brown tinged with an
unspotted throat bordered by a necklace of spots. This delightful songster
resembles in habits the catbird, although he is not so curious and is less
familiar with mankind. His song, consisting of from eighteen to twenty-two
different strains, is more original and can be heard at a greater distance.
They come north in pairs the first week in May and return the first of October.
The nest, similar to that of the catbird, is built on the ground or low down in
bushes or trees. Length, eleven inches.

16. HOUSE WREN. Troglodytes aedon. VieUlot.

This bird is variable in its habitat and has almost deserted some towns
where it was formerly abundant. With a tail turning up like the nose of a
typical Hibernian, this pugnacious little fellow has rights of his own which he
proposes to defend. Often they are not content with their own rights alone.
For instance, they have been known to drive bluebirds and purple martins
from their nests, which they have afterwards appropriated for themselves.
Familiar and fearless with man they usually build in hollow trees or post-holes,
and even in boxes, etc., near houses, always filling up the hole, however large
it may be, in which they locate their nest. They utter hoarse, chattering notes
as well as a hearty, trilling song. Length, under five inches.
\7. WINTER WREN. Troglodytes hyemalts. VieUlot.

This pert, inquisitive, sly busy-body comes to us the last of April, and
again, on the retrograde migration, about the middle of September, tarrying a
little longer in the autumn than in the spring. Occasionally he remains all
winter. He is usually to be seen, hopping in and out of brush-heaps, on low,
moist ground, and is as difficult of location as the Irishman's flea. He has a
gushing, lyrical song that is very sweet and quite prolonged. It is remarkably
loud and is so spontaneous that it seems to have escaped in spite of the singer.

74 History of Androscoggin County.

His tail is more than erect and quite short, giving him an air of jauntiness
that is not e(inaled by any of our other birds. Length, four inches.

Sixth Family — Motacillidae.

18. AMERICAN PIPIT. Anthus pensilvanicus. Latham.

Upper parts olive brown, showing in flight two white tail-feathers. Dr
Coues says of them: "Voice querulous, gait tremulous, and flight vacillating."
They are walkers and are never still, but, like the water thrush, seem to be
afflicted with the St Vitus' dance, especially in their tails. They rear their
young in Labrador, going north by one course and returning by another,
passing through this county only in the fall.

Seventh Family — Mniotiltidae.

The warblers are the real woodbirds and are the second largest North
American family, having wide range in habit and song. All are small, migra-
tory and insectivorous. AH confined to America.

19. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER. Mniotilta varia. Linnmis.

More like a nuthatch than a creeper or warbler, this bird, from the last of
April until the middle of October, is commonly seen in woodlands, thickets,
and swamps, gracefully searching up and down the trunks and larger branches
of trees for his insect food. He is often so absorbed in his work as to entirely
ignore the presence of spectators. By some he is called " saw-your-leg-qff,"
from his song, which strikingly resembles the noise made by a fine saw.

20. NASBVILLE WARBLER. Helminthophila rdficapilla. Wilson.

Upper parts olive green. Under parts a rich, clear yellow at all seasons.
Cheeks and shoulders gray and a reddish-brown cap characterize this bird.
Arriving the first of May, comparatively silent and songless, they proceed to
build on the ground a nest, which, by the way, is very large for so small tenants
as themselves, of leaves, bark, and pine needles, sometimes lining it with horse-
hair. The song, which is weak but interesting, consists of repetitions of single
notes, the whole ending suddenly.
2L TENNESSEE WARBLER. Helminthophila peregrina. Wilson.

Much like the Nashville in appearance and song, except being entirely
yellowish-gray and having no brown head. It is one of the rarest of the
warblers that pass through the county but has been identified several times.
A specimen was taken by Mr H. V. Neal, in Lewiston, May 1, 1888.
22. PARULA WARBLER. Compsothlypis Americana. Linno'us.

This bird was formerly called the "blue yellow-back," and the name gives
an idea of its appearance. Arriving in pairs early in May, they return during
September. They are abundant in high, open places, where they may be seen,
nervous and active, among the terminal foliage. Mr John Burroughs speaks
of them as the handsomest as well 'as the smallest warblers known to him.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 75

The note is a drawling one, as if the bird had an impediment in his throat.
The nest is often an architectural wonder, built high up in some spruce tree,
and is the only nest in Maine built entirely of moss.

23. CAPE MAY WARBLER. Dendroica tigrina. Gmelm.

Upper parts yellowish-olive. Under parts yellow, black-striped. Crown
black with cheek patch of orange brown. This rare visitant flies in company
with the magnolia warblers, which it resembles. It does not nest in the county
and is rarely seen here. The writer took a specimen May 7, 1890, in Lewiston.

24. YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica -iESTiVA. &meUn.

The male is bright yellow, striped with orange, while the female has no
orange stripes. The "summer yellow-bird" is the commonest of all the
warblers, coming as tlie forerunner of unfolding leaves and summer itself, they
return soutli early, being too delicate to endure much cold weather. The
nests are very skillfully constructed of fine strips of bark, willow catkins, etc.,
and are lined with fine grasses, feathers, and, when the little architect is
fortunate, with cotton or wool. The vagrant cowbird often turns this nest
into an orphan asylum by depositing her eggs therein.

25. BLACK-TBROATED BLUE WARBLER. Dendroica cerulescens. Gmclin.
The male above is slaty blue, below white, with a black throat and chin,

all the colors being in masses. The female is a dull olive-green, with a
triangular white spot at the base of the primary wing feathers. Their note is
harsh and hoarse. They arrive the first of May and call again the last of
September on their return south. At each period they tarry only for about
i two weeks. I am not aware that their nest has been found within Andros-
coggin county, the White Mountains being one of their usual nesting places.

26. MYRTLE WARBLER. Dendroica coronata. LinnrBus.

Marked by a white throat and four sharp yellow spots, one each on the
I head, rump, and each side of the breast. This warbler passes through the
county on both migrations, the last of April and earl}^ in September, usually
in company with other birds, and in quite large numbers during the passage.
Their note, which is not very noticeable, may be represented by the syllables
zillet, zillet, repeated very rapidly.

27. MAGNOLIA WARBLER. Dendroica maculosa. Gmelin.

A slate-colored head with black eye-stripes and a yellow throat. Black
spots and stripes on the chest. A dainty bird and quite a common summer
resident, arriving about May 6th and remaining well into September.

28. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. Dendroica pensylvanica. Linnrcus.
Whole crown pure yellow and entirely white beneath, with chestnut stripes

down each side. A beautiful bird, coming early in May and remaining during
the season. They are more conspicuous during the migrations, for they scatter
to low, wild, swampy localities during the summer months in order to build,
in low saplings, shrubs, or bushes, their nests of dried grass and thin strips of

76 History of Androscoggin County.

bark. Their song, tirelessly repeated at short intervals while searching the
leaves and twigs for insects, is something like the syllables whish-whlsh-whish-
wMshea.

29. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER. Dendroica castanea. Wilson.

Bay on breast and back of head. Black on forehead and sides of head.
This is one of the rarer warblers breeding in northern Maine, especially in the
vicinity of Urabagog. It is sometimes seen here dnring its migratory passage.
The writer took one May 17, 1890, while it was sluggishly feeding among the
lower branches in a pine grove near the city of Lewiston.

30. BLACK-POLL WARBLER. Dendroica striata. Forster.

Upper parts grayish olive-green, heavily streaked with black. Black cap.
Under parts pure white. When this straggler reaches us, usually about the
21st of May, we may know that summer has begun in good earnest, for he is
the last of the warblers to arrive. Although he is so tardy in reaching us, he
goes still farther north to rest. His retrograde migration begins- by the middle
of September and continues into October. He is active and restless, and, in
addition to his other accomplishments, is something of a fly-catcher.

81. BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. Dendroica blackburni^. Gmelin.

A brilliant flame-colored throat makes this bird unmistakable. Dr Cones
says of it : " There is nothing to compare with the exquisite hue of this
Promethean torch." He is shy, keeping well in the tree-tops of mixed wood-
lands, and is somewhat rare. They arrive in Androscoggin county as early as
the first week in May, and the return begins early in September. They nest
low among the bushes.

32. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. Dendroica virens. Gmelin.
Back yellowish-olive. Chin, throat, and breast black. Cheeks yellow.

This warbler is next in abundance to the yellow warbler, especially in the
vicinity of pineries, for they nest in the forks of pine trees. They come early
in May and prefer the foliage of the high trees for their hunting-grounds.
Their peculiar song, something like fe-te-tc-te-fa-fe, with the next to the last
syllable dropped in i)itch, can be easily distinguished in tlie jargon of warblers
songs.

33. PINE WARBLER. Dendroica vigor.sii. Audubon.

Dull yellow breast without distinct markings, and often called the "pine
creeper," from his habits. He is among the first to leave the south for our
fragrant pine forests, where his delicate, high-pitched trill is repeatedly heard,
and he does not return until about the second week of October. They nest
very liigh, sometimes even seventy feet from the ground, and when not
breeding are often gregarious, traveling with other birds. In summer they
feed on the larvse and eggs of insects, but in the winter supplement their bill
of fare with such small fruits as they can find south.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 77

34. YELLOW PALM WARBLER. Dendroica palmarum hypochrtsea. Bidgwai/.
Yellow breast and reddish crown. This is the first warbler to arrive,

coming often by the middle of April and returning in the latter part of
October after all the others, with the possible exception of the myrtle, have
taken passage. On each migration they linger in this county about a month.
The}^ have the noticeable peculiarity of jerking their tails, and are more often
seen on swampy ground than in high, dry places. The only member of the
Dendroecce to build on the ground, and remarkable also for nesting nowhere in
the United States except in northern Maine.

35. OVEN-BIRD. Seiurus aurocapillus. Linnreus.

Yellow crown, with breast distinctly marked black and white. This
summer resident receives his common name of " oven-bird " from his peculiar
habit of roofing over the nest, which is built on the ground, like an old-fashioned
oven. This is not, however, always the case with them. They arrive about
the first week of May and proceed directly with their matrimonial arrange-
ments, which have evidently been neglected until this time. Their accustomed
habitat is in hard-wood groves, where they are often seen walking mincingly
about on the ground or scratching among the leaves like a hen. Their song,
loud, clear, rapid, and echoing, is very familiar. Mr John Burroughs describes
it very happily as follows, — teacher, teacher, teacher. Teacher, TEACHER!

36. WATER-THRUSH. Seiurus noveboracensis. Gmelin.

Chest yellowish, with very conspicuous dark stripes. Resembling his
relative, the oven-bird, in many ways, he differs noticeably in his habitat,
preferring, instead of dry, hard-wood groves, lovv, wet places, and building a
nest, principally of green moss, on the ground near the water. He has a loud,
clear, cheerful, striking song which he frequently sings while bathing. He
walks like the oven-bird, and has the additional peculiarity of wagging his
tail sideways.

37. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT. Geothltpis trichas. Linnreus.

Male with yellow breast and black stripes through the eyes. Female with-
out the black stripes. Distinctively a ground warbler and very common in
shrubbery and underbrush from the first week in May until well into October.
Occasionally found in fields of grain when the insects are plenty there. Silent
in the fall but tirelessly repeating its tvhit-ta-tee-tee during the earlier months.
Her basket-like nest is built carelessly of very coarse materials.

38. WILSON'S WARBLER. Sylvania pusilla. Wilson.

Mature males with bright yellow chest and black cap. The females and
young males lack the black cap. This warbler also nests upon the ground,
and is often classed as a fly-catcher, because of his proficiency in that direction.
They come north the second week of May, and are occasionally seen until the
last of August, sometimes rearing their young in this county, although they
usually go a little farther north to nest.

78 History of Androscoggin County.

39. CANADIAN WARBLER. Sylyania Canadensis. Linnmus.

Upper parts bluish-lead color. Yellow chin and throat, the latter bordered
with a necklace of black. Also has a yellow breast. In habits much like No.
38. They usually nest in a tussock of grass, and the male has a lively,
animated song. Mr John Burroughs speaks of him as "too happy to keep
silent."

40. AMERICAN REDSTART. Setophaga ruticilla. Linnccus.

Glossy blue-black above and white beneath. In the male six rich, orange
spots, situated one on each side of the tail, wings, and breast, being replaced
in the female by yellow spots similarly placed. As the scientific name signifies,
the redstart is pre-eminently a "mosquito eater." Graceful and rapid in
flight,' always nervous and vivacious, they adorn our moist woodlands from
May to September, nesting usually either in or near the fork of some tree.

Eighth Family — Vireonidse.

Half warbler and half fly-catcher, measuring between five and one-quarter
and six inches in length. These summer residents have a sweet song and neat,
delicate plumage, though far less brilliant and variegated than that of the
warblers. Their nests are well woven, pendulous cups suspended almost
invariably from the small forks of trees and bushes. They are peculiar to
America, and are often called "greenlets."

41. HED-EYED VIREO. Vireo olivaceous. Linnceus.

Olive color above. Whitish beneath with a black stripe, above a white
stripe, over the eye. Iris of eye red. This genial, happy, industrial bird is
one of the commonest and most widely distributed of all, and from May to
August can be seen and heard, especially among the elms and maples of old
pasture lands, where he busily searches the leaves for his insect food. He sings
a sleepy, persistent, sing-song strain all day long, and with apparent indifference,
like a boy whistling abstractedly at his work. He even continues to sing late
in the summer after all the other birds have abandoned the musical profession.

42. WARBLING VIREO. Vireo gilyus. Vicillot.

Similar in appearance to the red-eyed, the warbling vireo is distinguishable
by the absence of the black line over the eye. This is one of the most
beautiful singei'S that comes to us in the cities and towns, warbling, at short
intervals, from the second week in May until September, a cheerful, long-
continued strain in the trees that line our streets and roadsides. His voice is
weak, but it is tenderly liquid.

43. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. Vikeo elavifrons. VieUlot.

Olive head and slate-blue rump. Yellow throat and white beneath. Tail-
feathers white-edged. This is the handsomest of the vireos and probably the
least common, although often seen here during their passage.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 79

44. BLUE-HEADED VIREO. Vireo solitarius. Wilson.

Olive back and white around the eyes. Whitish beneath, with yellow
undersides. Distinguishable by its dark ashy-blue head. Arriving the earliest
of all the vireos late in April or early in May, they are quite abundant for a
short time, after which they pass farther north, perhaps a few remaining to
breed here. They also linger the last of the vireos in their retrograde
migration.

Ninth Family — Laniidae.

45. NORTHERN SHRHvE. Lanius p.orealis. Vieillot.

Snuff-colored back, dark wings, rippled breast, and white-edged tail. This
is the " butcher-bird," who exercises his cruel and tyrannical disposition in our
county, from October to April, on small birds, mice, and such insects and
larvai as are in exposed situations. He is the "white whisky-John" of the
Indians and has been very suggestivel}^ designated by Dr Wheaton as the
" bushwhacker among birds." Sometimes he is attracted even into the cities
after the English sparrows that throng our streets, and he has the peculiar
habit of impaling his prey on some thorn or stub after he has torn off its head
and taken its brain, for the shrike is a great believer in brain food. He seizes
his quarry in his bill with unerring aim, usually darting from some lookout
where he has been quietly perched, with his fiery red eye wide open for the
opportunity. Only occasional instances are given of their breeding in the
United States and never in Androscoggin county, its accustomed nestino-
haunts being farther north.

46. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus. Llnnccus.

Similar to No. 45 in habits and appearance, with the exception of beino"
somewhat smaller. A black line running above its eyes and beak is its
distinguishing characteristic. This shrike is much less common than the
former, but has been taken in the county. The nests of both shrikes have
been found in Maine.

Tenth Family — Ampelidae.

47. CEDAR WAXWING. Ampelis cedrorum. Vieillot.

This gipsy-like bird, with his sleek coat of an indescribable snuff-brown
color, looks as if he had just stepped out of that traditional bandbox from
which some scrupulously neat persons are supposed to emerge. A gentleman
of leisure in the midst of a busy world, he delays the shackles of wedded life
until late in the season, and usually it is the first of July before their bulky
nest appears, built in some cedar or orchard tree. Dr Cones aptly describes
their insignificant note as a "weak and wheezy whistle." They are sociable,
amiable, and affectionate in disposition, and seem to liave quite a code of
genteel manners, as is illustrated by their peculiar habit, which I had the good
fortune once to observe, of daintily passing an insect or berry back and forth
from beak to beak before eating it, as if out of pure politeness. In the earlier

80 History of Androscoggin County.

part of the season they feed on the insects and their larvae, which are so
injurious to the fruit trees, but later, as the cherries ripen, they turn them-
selves into generous paymasters for their own valuable services, much to the
annoyance of the farmer, who only sees his cherries disappearing before his
very eyes. Still later, in "dog-days," when the small fruits become less
plenty, the "cherry-birds" take a few weeks' hunting excursion for insects up
the streams and lakes, and by September their summer vacation is over.

Eleventh Family — Hirundinidae.
This well-defined group of insectivorous birds is distributed all over the
world, about one hundred species being nominally recorded. They are great
housekeepers and, returning usually in April, they build their peculiar nests,
not so much in concealment as in inaccessible places. They often return year
after year to the same nest. Graceful and dextrous in flight, they scarcely ever
use their feet, relying on their pinions for locomotion. The following are the
only representatives of this family in this county, the so-called " chimney
swallow " belonging to an entirely different family, the Ci/jjseliihe.

48. PURPLE MARTIN. Progne subis. Linnmus.

This loquacious and interesting bird is the largest of the swallows, and has
come to be familiar in many localities where bird houses have been erected for
his occupancy. He is something of a city bird, since his choice for a nesting-
place in the country is too often disputed for his comfort by the blue birds,
wrens, and tree swallows. They formerly built in hollow trees, but since
bird houses have been constructed for them they keep abreast of civilization
and occupy these. It requires two years for the young to attain the beautiful
purple-black color of the adult. The male has been observed occasionally to
stay at home on the eggs during incubation, like a dutiful spouse, and give the
female a short afternoon out. He often has pitched battles with the king bird,
and also the irrepressible English sparrow with whom he has had a misunder-
standing from time immemorial. Their food is principally flies, wasps, bees,
and beetles, and their song is noisy and loud, but quite pleasant,

49. CLIFF OR EAVES SWALLOW. Pbtrochelidon lunifrons. Say.

Ash colored crescent on the head. This bird was originally a South
American species, and it has slowly migrated north until it has reached Maine
in abundance. They build their flask-shaped nests of mud usually under the
eaves of barns and sheds where their unmusical, earnest, and not unpleasant
creaking note, uttered as if with difficulty, becomes familiar to every one.
They are called republicans from their social habits.

50. BARN SWALLOW. Chelioon erythrogaster. Boddaert.

This most abundant of the swallows, flashing in and out of old barns in
every country place, is the only one of the family with the forked, or typical,
swallow tail. Like the other swallows, while abroad on his beautifully erratic

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 81

and graceful flight, he catches flying insects in his mouth and sticks them
together, by means of a peculiar mucus, into little balls which are afterwards
fed to the young. The nest is a structure of mud pellets interwoven with
straw or hay and lined with fine grasses, often a whole village of them being
placed together in the rafters of a barn. Social, affectionate, and wonderfully
active, they are always benefiting, and never injuring their human brothers.

51. TREE SWALLOW. Tachycineta bicolor. Vieillot.

White beneath and iridescent bluish-black above. These beautiful little
inhabitants of the air are more conservative than some of their family, and
still build in hollow trees and old woodpeckers' holes, as their ancestors did,
although occasionally a pair will occupy the chinks of a building or a martin
house. They have an especial fondness for water and linger quite late in
autumn, depending somewhat on the weather for their departure.

52. BANK SWALLOW. Clivicola riparia. Lmncrus.

Brown back, white throat, and dirty-tinged beneath. The least in size and
the commonest of the swallows in such localities as are favorable for the
construction of their remarkable nests. These nests are dug in, perpendicularly
to the surface of some bank, usually from two to four feet, and all the work is
done with the closed bill of the little bird. They possess a rapid, flickering
flight, and delight to dip their breasts into the water as they skim over its
surface in their zigzag course after insects. They are the shyest of all the
swallows.

Twelfth Family — Tanagridae.

53. SCARLET TANAGER. Piranga erythromelas. Vieillot.

Mature male, bright scarlet with dark wings and tail, the scarlet being
replaced in the female by dull olive. This bird is so brilliant that he attracts
even the most careless eye as he flashes in the midst of the green foliage. The
full color of the male is not attained until after the first year, and it fades in
the autumn almost to the olive of the female. Although quite rare yet it has
been repeatedly seen in Androscoggin county.

Thirteenth Family — Fringillidae.

This is the feathered Smith family, being the largest and containing one-
ninth of our North American birds. It includes the finches, grosbeaks, and
crossbills, hailing chiefly from the north, and the vast army of sparrows, mostly
from the south.

54. EVENING GROSBEAK. Coccothraustes vespertina. Cooper.

Yellowish brown, with black wings and tail and a large white spot on the
upper part of the wing. Black on the head. A striking combination of black,
white, and yellow. The nest and eggs of this very rare visitor have never
been found. The birds themselves have been reported only a few times within
the limits of the United States and, so far as I am informed, it has never been

82 History of Androscoggin County.

seen in Maine but once, when a male, in full plumage, was taken on the Bates
College campus in Lewiston, January 10, 1890.

55. PINE GROSBEAK. Pinicola enucleatok. Linnaus.

Male reddish. Female olive-green. With a large beak, as the name
signifies. These birds are not uncommon visitors of our coniferous woods
during the winter months, where they feed on young buds. Sometimes they
visit an orchard for the seeds which they can pick out of the frozen apples
which may be left hanging on the trees. Being good singers and quite tame,
they are often taken into captivity as cage birds. They fly about in small
flocks and are somewhat sluggish in their movements. Length, eight and
one-half inches.

56. PURPLE FINCH. Carpodacus purpureus. Gmelin.

Male with reddish breast, fading away insensibly beneath and not attaining
its color until the second year. Female olive. The only purple about this
bird is in its name. Brilliant and lively in song, he holds rank as one of the
sweetest, best, and most constant of our singers, and therefore he is often
caged, when he is known as the red linnet. Although they have no proper
crest, yet they are in the habit of erecting their crown feathers on occasion,
and often after moulting, especially in captivity, their plumage turns to a
yellowish color. They fly in compact flocks, usually alighting and starting
up together. With the robin and cedar waxwing he forms the trinity of
cherry-eaters.

57. AMERICAN CROSSBILL. LoxiA curvirostra minor. Brehm.

This winter resident, red-tinged in the male, is never mistaken when once
his beak can be examined. The mandibles cross each other, this peculiar
arrangement being especially adapted for prying out the pine-cone kernels on
which the bird feeds. They are seen flying in flocks high overhead and
alighting only in the tops of tall evergreens, and they utter a peculiar,
whistling twitter while in flight. They nest very early and are quite erratic
in their appearance, a flock being seen and three of them taken, in Lewiston,
June 3, 1891.

58. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. LoxiA leucoptera. Gmelin.

Similar to but somewhat more rare than No. 57, and distinguishable by the
marked white bars on the wings. They usually fly in company with the
American crossbills and have been reported in the Arctic regions by Sir John
Richardson. They were very abundant throughout the county in the winter
of 1888-89, remaining even into the spring.

59. REDPOLL. Acanthis linaria. Limiccus.

Brown, with small red crown. These neat, hardy little snow-birds usually
make their cheerful api)earance after the first heavy snow fall, taking possessioji
of fields and gardens wherever the weed-stalks and grasses lift up a supply
of seeds above the sno\y. They are timid and easily alarmed, and in note

I

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 83

and general habits resemble the goldfinches. They nest in the alders of
Greenland and the Hudson Bay region, and their migration seems to be
controlled rather by the food supply than the weather, as they are very erratic
in appearance.

60. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. Spinus tristis. Linnrr.us.

Black cap, wings, and tail. The male bright yellow elsewhere, and the
female olive green. This nomadic little dandy in feathers is regularly a
summer resident, but occasionally he remains in the count}^ all winter. They
gather in large flocks in the autumn and cau everywhere be heard, festooning
their plaintive lisping twe-e twe-e through the air in their undulatory flight.
For three-fourths of the year they are gregarious, and separate into pairs only
long enough to build their peculiar felted nests and to rear one brood. They
are called the " thistle birds" because they feed so largely on the seeds of the
Canadian thistle.

61. PINE SISKIN. Spinus pinus. Wilson.

Olive green, black mottled, with a very pointed beak and considerably
yellowish on the wings. This is the "pine finch." With querulous notes and
undulatory flight they frequent thickets and uuderbrush in flocks. They are
strictly seed-eaters, and are the rarest of the finches that visit us, with the
exception, of course, of the evening grosbeak.

62. SNOWFLAKE. Plectkophenax nivalis. Linncnis.

In full dress much more nearly white than it is in its winter plumage. The
"snow bunting" is always welcome when a flock of them come scurrying
down in the teeth of a snow-storm to brighten a dreary winter day. The}'
are entirely terrestrial and seed-eating in habits. One peculiarity about
them is the fact that they change from winter to summer plumage by
the fraying off of the ends of the feathers without moulting. They breed
within the Arctic Circle, and are said to have a beautiful song in their far
northern home.

63. VESPER SPARROW. Pooc.ictes gramineits. Gmelin.

The individuality of this bird, often called the " grassfinch " or " bay-winged
bunting," is betrayed chiefly by two or three white tail-feathers made conspic-
uous in flight. He has been called the " poet of the pastures," and his soft,
sweet, and somewhat plaintive strain is usually heard greeting the djnng day,
from which habit Mr Wilson Flagg christened him the " vesper bird." Their
nest is built on the ground, and the mother bird will always do her best to
decoy intruders by running before them in the grass, or even by feigning a
broken wing, to attract attention when the safety of her trust becomes
especially imperiled. They are summer residents, coming usually by the
middle of April, and are fearless and unsuspicious of mankind in their general
habits, neither seeking nor shunning human society. The eggs have a milky,
yellowish tinge instead of the green of the song sparrow,

84 History of Androscoggin County.

64. SAVANNA SPARROW. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna. Wilson.

It requires some experience to distinguish this sparrow away from his
accustomed haunts of open, marshy ground and when he is not singing his
peculiar trilling song. A yellowish line above the eye marks him for the near
observer. They come early in April and, although they nest in open, marshy
fields and swampy places, yet the nest itself, of coarse grass, is always sunken
in the ground in a dry spot, and is usually somewhat elevated. Whenever the
nest is approached they thread their way through the grass like a mouse.
They are somewhat gregarious, and are eminently terrestrial. Chiefly in the
morning their weak song is heard, resembling a thin insect trill in its volume
and ventriloquistic properties.

65. WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW. Zonotrichia leucophrys. Forstcr.

The white of the crown separates two black stripes on either side rather
narrower than itself. No yellow anywhere. This rare, transient visitor is
quite irregular in his appearance, but sometimes passes through the county
on his way to Labrador, where the young are reared. He pauses long enough
sometimes to pour forth his beautiful song, perched in some tree and beating
time with his eloquent tail. The song is loud, clear, and musical at first, with
a touch of plaintiveness, diminishing in volume until it dies away at the last.

66. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. Zonotrichia albicollis. Gmelin.
Yellowish stripes over the eyes. Edge of wings yellow. The female has

no white on the throat. This handsome bird, often called the " peabody bird"
from his song, sometimes nests in this county, although usually selecting higher
altitudes or latitudes. They arrive by the third week of April and linger in
the fall migration until late into November. Generally seen flying near the
ground and seeking the shelter of low bushes. Their song, a series of clear
whistles, is chanted often in concert in earl}^ morning and, in cloudy weather,
is continued at intervals all day. Often in the dead of night also their sweet
and plaintive jjea-peahody-hody-bodij is heard, when the effect is singularly
striking in the midst of the stillness.

67. TREE SPARROW. Spizella monticola. Gmelin.

Brown cap and barred wings with the under mandible of the beak yellow.
A rare winter resident, nesting on the ground in Labrador and New-
foundland. They are quite abundant about the middle of April during their
northern migration, flying in flocks along the shrubbery and underbrush, and
occasionally singing their soft, sweet song, which dissolves at last into a warble.
They were remarkably abundant in Lewiston during the season of 1890-91.

68. CHIPPING SPARROW. Spizella socialis. Wilson.

This little brown-capped citizen is one of the most widely distributed and
abundant of all our birds. He has earned the name of "hair bird," from his
skillful workmanshij) as an architect, weaving his little home, which is perched
on some bush, out of hair and fine grass. Their song is a clear trill, and the

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 85

young birds experience some noticeable difificulty at first in performing it.
Very often it is heard in the night when it may be some overworked little
chipper is breaking out in his troubled sleep, or more likely some restless little
toiler is impatient for the break of day. Their chipping note, which they
constantly utter and from which they are christened, sounds like chinking two
pebbles sharply together.

69. FIELD SPARROW. Spizella pusilla. Wilson.

Faded breast and reddish-yellow beak. This bird is not an uncommon
summer resident of our fields, pastures, and scrublands, building a deep Jiest
on the ground. His song is melodious and brilliant, and ordinarily sung at
morning and night, but in cloudy weather he cheerfully volunteers to sing
during the day. The song, which rivals that of the white-crowned and fox-
colored sparrows, begins with three or four crescent-like notes which dwindle
rapidly into a sweet trill. The whole has been very well described, as follows :
fe-o — f<'-o — fe-o — few — fctv — few — fee — fee — fee.

70. SLATE-COLORED JUNCO. JuNCO hyemalis. Linncms.

Slate-colored back, and slate-colored bib very distinctly defined across the
breast. White bill and white tail-feathers iiirted in sight during flight. Cheery
and bright, the "black snowbird" is an occasional winter resident, when they
appear as the feathered prophets of a coming storm, but he is very abundant
during the spring passage. Their migrations are quite irregular and uncertain,
often in flocks with other birds, but they retire to the highlands to breed,
seeming to be constitutionally unfit to endure much warm weather. Their
song is a simple trill, in addition to which they are continually "sucking their
teeth," as their peculiar note has been happily expressed. Their food consists
of berries, seeds, and insects.

7\. SONG SPARROW. Melospiza fasciata. Gmelin.

His quaker-like garb is usually adorned by a blotch of black in the middle
of the breast. Always welcome, this cheerful and hardy songster gets the start
of the spring every year, being the earliest arrival of his family, coming with
the bluebird and robin, and collecting in loose flocks for the return south in
October. His hopeful, silvery, jubilant song is the song of all songs in the
early spring, foretelling the joyous carnival to come. It is to be distinguished
from that of the vesper, who joins the chorus later, by the two or three
confident, piping notes with which it opens. The vesper has no such intro-
duction, but begins in the middle of his song as if he had sung a part of it
under his breath before opening his mouth. The song sparrow generally
places his well-made nest on the ground, and usually rears at least two broods
during the summer.
72. SWAMP SPARROW. Melospiza georgiana. Latham.

This brunette of the sparrows, with no distinctive mark on his breast like
the song sparrow, is quite a rare summer resident of this county. His life

86 History of Androscoggin County.

history is but iraperfectl}^ known because of his secretiveness, and whenever
his seclusion is intruded upon by some member of the human family in rubber
boots, he shows his indignation by spiteful flirts of his expressive tail as he
skulks from bush to bush among the swampy thickets.

73. FOX SPARROW. Passerella iliaca. Merreni.

Conspicuous from his beauty and size as well as his form, this rare visitor
abounds for a short time in the middle of April and then disappears for his
Arctic nesting grounds. Haunting shrubbery and undergrowth and frequently
scratcliing among the leaves like the brown thrasher and ovenbird, whenever
he is alarmed, instead of taking precipitous flight like many birds, he usually
flies to some low perch and looks about for the cause of his alarm. His song,
once identified, is unmistakable, being a series of sweetly modulated tones
terminated by a vocal twist that would turn Patti herself green with envy.

74. TOWHEE. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Limueus.

Black back, chestnut sides, and white beneath. A red iris to his eye, and
showing white tail feathers in flight. With as many dliases as the crookedest
of us, this stylishly dressed scratcher-among-the-leaves answers, with a saucy
flirt of his tail, to the names of " towhee," " chewink," and " joreet," because
of his note, and " ground robin " and " marsh robin " because of his habits,
although it is questionable how far the latter name is applicable. He is quite
rare in this county, although he is very common farther south in New England.

75. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Habia ludoviciana. Linn(eus.

The male has a black back and, after the first year, a beautiful blood stain
on his white breast. The female is more quietly dressed in light brown and
white. Both have the big beak of the grosbeaks and are sometimes tamed as
cage birds. Perhaps no one of our birds combines more attractions in beauty
and song than this "rose bud" of the North American birds. Nuttall ranks
him even next to the mocking-bird as a singer, and surely his rich rolling song,
suggesting that of the robin at its start, entitles him to much praise. They
feed on the seeds of birches and alders, berries and buds, and do not scorn an
occasional indulgence in insects.

76. INDIGO BUNTING. Passerina cyanea. Linnreiis.

Male dark, rich indigo, with black wings and tail, not acquiring its full
color until after the first year. One would never suspect that the modest
snuff-colored bird, with never a trace of blue about her, wiio follows this
gaudy and vivacious bit of color, was liis faithful mate. His song, given rapidly
and often — even in the heat of noonday — consists of about six notes dimin-
ishing in volume.

Fourteenth Family — Icteridae.

These are the starlings of the old world, and they all have sharp beaks
running well back into the head, 'i'hey are walkers, and their eggs are beau-
tifully marked.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 87

77. BOBOLINK. Dolichonyx ortzivorus. Linnceus.

This merry minstrel of our meadows has a sufficiently changing indi-
viduality to be called a feathered "• Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde." Known to us as
the most light-hearted and rollicking bird of the whole catalogue, appearing
in his motley garb by the middle of May, before the summer is over the laugh
has died out of his song and his theatrical plumage has become replaced by
citizen's clothes. Late in August or early in September this reformed trouba-
dour turns his course to the south, departing usually in the night, when his
metallic chink from the blackness of the upper air falls on the ear of the
belated traveler. In Pennsylvania he becomes the ''reed-bird," where he
turns himself into such a gourmand and become:fso plump that whole flocks
are shot by gunners for the market. In the Carolinas he undergoes another
change and is the "rice-bird," doing, according to the Agricultural Depart-
ment, -12,500,000 yearly damage. In South Aiuerica he is the "butter-bird,"
and after his songless winter is over he threads his way north to our New
England meadows again, where he turns over a new leaf and rears his young,
covering his multitude of sins by that most popular and jolly of all our
summer songs. The young birds fly before the hay harvest, and the nests,
although placed in open meadows on tussocks of grass, are rarely found except
by accident. The bobolink with a hovering flight sings often in the air, and
then his music sounds as if some musical winged bottle, with its stopper lost
forever, was bubbling out its liquid contents over the green fields.

78. COWBIRD. MoLOTHRUS ater. Boddaert.

This glossy black polygamist with his faded-out wives has a very question-
able character among bird circles. Gipsy-like, they never build a nest, but the
females foist their eggs in nests already occupied, to be hatched and reared by
respectable birds. The vireos, warblers, and sparrows are especially the
philanthropists who are thus imposed upon. The young cowbird, with the
blood of generations of vagabonds in his unsightly little body, instinctively
pushes his nest-mates over the edge of the nest, if they ever have the mis-
fortune to be hatched after his advent, and monopolizes the entire care of his
foster-parents. As soon as he can fly he always joins others of his kin and in their
company goes to the bad like his fathers before him. Like some people, they
seem to think that they can sing, and often alighting in the tops of tall trees,
their painful, but somewhat melodious, squeaking note, given with spreading
wings and ruftling feathers, and sounding like the sweaty hand of the small boy
as he slides down the banister, is heard. Nothing will draw the insectivorous
"cow blackbirds" like a "burnt piece," and their dusky forms seem especially
in place there as they walk about, crow-like, upon the charred ground.

79. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Agelaids ph(ENICKus. LnuKfus.

General color, velvet black. The males who are two years old have
crimson spots on their shoulders, as if their maturity entitled them to these

88 History of Androscoggin County.

chevrons of respect. They are very abundant in marshy places, building in
colonies among the reeds and cat-tails their deeply-hollowed, grass-lined nests.
Among the earliest arrivals, they rear two broods, and linger until October
before their departure. Some one has well described the vocal effort of the
" swamp blackbird," as he is often called, by the syllables eon-eu-ree. All that is
necessary to assemble a noisy indignation meeting of these blackbirds about one's
head is to enter their marshy retreat where their nests are located. The young
birds assemble in flocks with their parents in the fall for migration together.

80. MEADOWLARK. Sternella magna. Linnaeus.

Variegated plumage with yellow predominating, and a black spot on the
breast. Long bill and short tail. This rare summer resident, occasionally
nesting in the swampy fields of this county, is the "old field lark," quite
common farther south of us where they whir up suddenly in flocks before the
gunners, who delight to practice shooting them on the wing. Because of this
they have learned to be very shy.

81. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Icterus galbdla. Linnrrus.

Black head and throat. Orange beneath and sides of tail. The social and
genial "golden robin," swinging his graceful, pensile nest from the drooping
branches of the old elms even in ourcities and towns, and brightening the
summer by his lively color as well as by his bugle-like co-weet—co-'weet^ is
always recognized as a friend. Their well-known nest is a deep, pendulous
pocket, woven with hair so as to be stiffened into maintaining its form.
They seem justly proud of their workmanship as nest-bailders, and often
return to build again where, the year before, the breezes swung their little
ones to and fro between heaven and earth. The male comes in advance of
the female in the spring, and the period of song is not a long one. A fortune
awaits the man who can interpret the story penciled in black hieroglyphics
on their white eggs, which hold the reputation of being the most beautiful of
all our birds' eggs.

82. RUSTY BLACKBIRD. Scolecopiiagus carolinus. Miiller.

This bird passes through the county in the latter part of April for their
nesting haunts at the sources of the Penobscot and Kennebec. When they
return in the autumn they present a brownish-black appearance, and are not
in full plumage. Somewhat larger than the cowbird, and not equaling in size
the bronze grackle, these " thrush blackbirds " are not much known, being of
too retiring and shy a disposition. They frequent low, swampy thickets for
insects, worms, small cn(sf(u-a\ and the seeds of aquatic plants, and utter an
alarm note which sounds as if they said cheek, check! They collect in large
flocks for the retrograde movement.

83. liRONZED GRACKLE. Quisoalus quiscula '^neus. Bidgivay.

Between twelve and thirteen and one-half inches in length, this miniature
crow is an occasional summer resident here. They often breed in communi-

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 89

ties, like the rooks in England, in hollow trees and stumps, and sometimes even
on the edge of the large rambling nest of the fish hawk. Especially grotesque
and ludicrous are the actions and vocal efforts of tlie " crow blackbird," as he
is popularly called, during the mating season. His greasy, liquid note has a
striking resemblance to quis quiUa., and costs nearly as much effort in utterance
as does that of the cowbird. He is a notorious robber of the corn fields, and
hence a coolness has arisen between him and the farmers.

Fifteenth Family — Corvidae.

84. BLUE JAY. Cyanocitta ckistata. Linn(P.us.

This garrulous, profligate, rowdyish cynic in blue remains with us, like a
bad habit, the year around, but is rather more abundant in summer than in
winter. He is an accomplished house-breaker and, since the only furniture
the birds have in tlieir houses is the eggs and little ones, this means that he is,
in addition, a murderer. The food of the blue jay is probably more varied
than that of any other bird we have. Their coarse nest is rambling and
conspicuous, and their shrill, high-pitched, alarm cry of jay^ jay^ is familiar to
every one. Curious, dishonest, and sneaking, this bird absorbs to himself so
many feathered vices that it leaves all the other birds comparatively virtuous.

85. AMERICAN RAVEN. CoRvus corax sinuatus. Wagler.

Much larger than the crow, whom he displaces in geographical distribution,
this "ominous bird of the sable plume" is very rarely found in Androscoggin
county. They select the most inaccessible places on the highest trees and
cliffs for their nests and, already celebrated in tradition and song, are very
interesting in their actual habits. About two feet in length. It has been
taken in the winter in this county.

86. AMERICAN CROW. CoRVUS americanus. Audubon.

This sagacious and versatile black knight of the air casts a shadow too
often, as he passes between us and the sun in his laborious flight, to need any
description. Occasionally he is seen at intervals all winter in this county, but
more often he goes south to colonize in rookeries or, with his usual contrariness
to the ways of mankind, he puts in his vacation at the sea-shore in the winter
instead of the summer, picking up his living among the lower forms of life
that are found there. For a long time there has existed a family feud between
the crows and the hawks, and they improve every opportunity with each other
to add insult to injury. The crow is the most skeptical of our birds, unless it
may be the blue jay, as his sarcastic tones and distrustful ways signify, and if
there is a single atheist among all the feathered citizens of Androscoggin
county, it is he. Sometimes he is tamed, when he becomes notorious for his
love of mischief and his shrewd ways, but he evidently prefers to live the life
of an outlaw. Authorities differ as to whether the crow, everything consid-
ered, is a benefit or an injury to us, and this open question has moi^e than once

90 History of Androscoggin County.

afforded the legislators a means for earning their daily bread. He has a
peculiar note, not often heard, by which he expresses his feelings daring his
courtship, which sounds singularly like the whinny of a horse.

Sixteenth Family — Alaudidae.

87. HORNED LARK. OxocoRis alpestkis Linnreus.

A yellowish-white throat and a black spot on the chest. Often called the
"shore-lark" or "sky-lark." They rear their young on the coast and in Min-
nesota, and have been seen within this county during the winter. They have
a shrill voice, are easily alarmed, and are one of the soaring birds.

Second Sub-Order— CLAMATORES. Seventeenth Family— Tyrannidae.

There are twelve species of this family in New England, and eight of these
visit Androscoggin county. They are all eminently insectivorous and migra-
tory, and their large heads and beaks, flattened at the base and surrounded by
hairs, especitilly adapt them for their office as fly-catchers.

88. KINGBIRD. Tyrannus tyrannus. Linnmis.

These familiar birds, arriving about the first of May, are distinguished
especially by the white tips on their tail-feathers, which they spread like a fan
whenever they sink or rise slowly through the air from one bush to another.
Also beneath their crest of crown feathers is a little flame-colored patch that is
not often seen except by sharp eyes. This audacious and self-reliant little
fellow is quite warlike, especiall}'^ during his mating and nesting season, and
does not hesitate to defend his trust from any of the larger birds that approach.
He is often seen flying above a crow or hawk and pouncing down upon him at
intervals with spiteful jabs, while the persecuted bird, sullen and wrathy, tries
in vain to outfly him. The kingbird places his nest in all kinds of conspicuous
situations and tlien proceeds to stand guard over it, with much the same spirit
as the small boy exercises when he balances a chip on his shoulder and
challenges any one of the barefooted world to walk up and knock it off
if he dares. He is called the bee martin because he is not particular as to his
insect, and he often makes havoc with a hive of bees, but it is doubtless true
that he destroys hundreds of noxious insects to one bee, and therefore peace
should be maintained between them and the bee-keepers. During the latter
part of September they depart for their winter home in Central America and
southern Mexico.

89. CRESTED FLYCATCHER. Myiarchus crinitus. Unnceus.

Olive above, with gray throat running back beneath into yellow. This
wild, solitary, irritable bird is rare and keeps high up in the trees during his
occasional visits. Excitable and pugnacious, he seems to have difficulty in
getting along with any of the bird kind except his own individual family.
He is liable to be seen from May to September, and when he nests it is usually

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 91

in a hollow tree or post-hole, and he has the peculiar weakness of adorning his
nest with an old snake skin. His note is harsh and not very pleasant, for he
"rolls his r's " very badly. Length, nine inches.

90. PHCEBE. Satornis Phcebe. Latham.

Olive brown above and blackish on the head. Soiled white and pale yellow
beneath. Bill wholly black. The "pewee" comes earlier and lingers later than
any other fly-catcher, not departing for the south until October. They build in
bridges and culverts a peculiar nest, largely of mud and usually placed on the
side of a vertical rock over the water. They show great attachment to certain
localities, returning year after year to rebuild, even in the face of great
difficulties. Perching on some lookout twig, where he jerks his tail and moves
his scalp feathers nervously, or darting into the air in the fluttering, zigzag
pursuit of a passing insect, this most peaceable of the fly-catchers is familiar
to us all. During the earlier part of the season he is almost constant in the
nervous repetition of his name — peiree, jjetvee — as if continually on the point
of forgetting his identit}^ and trying to avoid such a disaster ; but later he
becomes more reassured and utters his name rarely. They seldom alight upon
the ground except when they are after building material.

91. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER. Contopus borealis. Stvainson.

Dark olive brown, darkest on the head and lightest on the sides. Bill black
above only. Dr Coues says of this rarest of the fly-catchers : " A stocky, able-
bodied, dark, and streaky species, quite unlike any other." The note resembles
the syWahles pip, pip, j:>eu. This bird has been seen in Androscoggin county.

92. WOOD PEWEE. Contopus virens. Linnceus.

This miniature pewee in form and porportion, but differing in having only
the upper half of the bill black and in not flirting his tail, is the last of all the
birds to arrive. He builds a peculiar nest of lichens and moss, so saddled upon
a limb as to resemble a knot, and he is rather partial to forests, although if the
trees are numerous, he often nests in cities and towns. They are very active
and by no means so pensive and melancholy as their striking note, pe-to-ivee,
pe-to-ivdy, liee-reu, repeated very slowly, would seem to imply.

93. YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER. Empidonax flaviventris. Bainl.
This rather rare bird is distinguishable by the yellow coloring beneath.

Their nest, usually situated under the roots of trees, is very rare and has
not been found in this county, so far as I am informed. Their note is a
prolonged pea.

94. TRAILL'S FLYCATCHER. Empidonax pusillus traillii. Audubon.

This fly-catcher is also a rather rare summer resident, nesting in the upright
fork of a tree, usually about swamps where the insects are abundant. When-
ever he utters his harsh, complaining note, he jerks back his head as if his
vocal efforts were painfully difficult.

92 History of Androscoggin County.

95. LEAST FLYCATCHER. Empidonax minimus. Baird.

Abundant and familiar, preferring the neighborhood of humanity, this well-
known little bird is distinguishable from the Traill's only by his grayish rather
than his brownish hue, and his smaller size. With the robin and the chipping
sparrow, he is the most abundant of all our birds. He places his compact nest
in the upright forks of trees, and his tireless chehee, chehee, uttered with a back-
ward snap of his head and a flirt of his tail, is among the commonest of mid-
summer sounds.

The following is a catalogue of the other birds occurring in Androscoggin
county, excluding the shore and water birds: —

Second Order— MACROCHIRES.— Long-winged Birds.

Eighteenth Family — Tkochilid.t:. — Hummingbirds.

96. Rubj-throated Hummingbird. Trochilus colubris. Linnceus.

Nineteenth Family — Micropodidj*:. — Swifts.

97. Ciiimney Swift. Chretura pelagica. Linnaus.

Twentieth Family — Caprimulgid^.— Goatsuckers.

98. Whip-poor-will. Antrostomus vociferus. Wilson.

99. Nightbawk. Cbordeiles virginianus. Gmelin.

Third Order — PICI — Woodpeckers.
Twenty-First Family — Picid.e. — Woodpeckers.
100. Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus. Linnceus.
lOL Downy Woodpecker. Dryobates piibescens. Linnceus.

102. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Swa'mson.

103. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius. Linnceus.

104. Pileated Woodpecker. Ceophloeus pileatus. Linnams.

105. Flicker or Yellow-hammer. Colaptes auratus. Linnceus.

Fourtli Order— COCCYGES.— Kingfishers and Cuckoos.
Twenty-Second Family — Alcedinid^. — Kingfishers.

106. Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon. Linnceus.

Twenty-Third Family — Cuculid^. — Cuckoos.

107. Yellow-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus americauus. Linnceus.

108. Black-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus erythrophthalraus. Wilson.

Fifth Order — RAPTORES.— Birds of Prey.

Twenty-Fourth Family — Bubonid.e. — Owls.

109. American Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Lesson.

110. Short-eared Owl. Asio accipitrinus. Fallds.
HI. Barred Owl. Syrnium nebulosum. Forster.

112. Great Gray Owl. Ulula cinerea. Gmelin.

113. Richardson's Owl. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni. Bonaparte.

114. Saw-whet Owl. Nyctala acadica. Gmelin.

115. Screech Owl. Bubo virginianus. Gmelin.

116. Great Horned Owl. Megascops asio. Linnaus.

117. Snowy Owl. Nyctea nyctea. Linnceus.

118. Hawk Owl. Surnia ulula. Linnceus.

Twenty-Fifth Family — Falconid^.. — Hawks and Eagles.

119. Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Linnceus.

120. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter velox. Wilson.

The Birds of Androscoggin County. 93

12J. Cooper's. Hawk. Accipiter cooperi. Bonaparte.

122. Aiuericau Goshawk. Accipiter atricapillus. Wilson.

123. Red-tailed Hawlt. liuteo boreaiis. Gmelin.

124. Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo linneatus. Gmelin.

125. Broad-wiuged Hawk. Buteo latissimus. Wilson.

126. Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus. Brilnnich.

127. Bald Eagle. Halia?etus leucocephalus. Linnreus.

128. Duck Hawk. Falco peregriiius anatum. Bonaparte.

129. Pigeon Hawk. Falco colunibarius. Linnreus.

130. American Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius. Linnccus.

131. American Osprey or Fish-hawk. Pandion haliai'tus carolinensis. Gmelin.

Sixth Order -COLUMBiE.
Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e. — Pigeons.

132. Passenger Pigeon. Ectopistes migratorius. Linnreus.

Seventh Order — GALLING.
Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e. — Grouse.

133. Rufied Grouse. Bonasa umbellus. Linnreus.

The following is a list of birds (excluding shore and water birds) which
have been observed in the state of Maine but have not yet been reported as
occurring in Androscoggin county : —

First Family — Turdid^.

1. Bicknell's Thrush. Turdus alicia' bicknelli. Bidgway.

Second Family — Silviid^.

2. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Polioptila CiBrulea. LAnnccus.

Seventh Family— Mniotiltid^.

3. Connecticut Warbler. Geothlypis agilis. Wilson.

4. Mourning Warbler. Geothlypis Philadelphia. Wilson.

Eighth Family — Vireonid.e.

5. Philadelphia Vireo. Vireo philadelphicus. Cassin.

Thirteenth Family — Fringillid^.
G. Lapland Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus. Linnoius.

7. Ipswich Sparrow. Ammodramus princeps. 3Iaynarcl.

8. Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus. Gmelin.

Fifteenth Family — Corvid^.

9. Canada Jay. Perisoreus canadensis. Linnaus.

Twenty-First Family— Picid^.

10. American Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides araericanus. Brehm.

11. Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Linnceus.

Twenty-Fifth Family^ — Falconid^.

12. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Linnceus.

13. Gray Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus. Linnceus.

14. Black Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus obsoletus. Gmelin.

Twenty-Sixth Family — CATHARTiDiE.

15. Turkey Vulture. Cathartes aura. Linnccus.

Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e.

16. Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura. Linnreus.

Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e.

17. Bob-White. Colinus virgiuianus. Linnceus.

18. Canada Grouse. Dendragapus canadensis. Liunceus.

94 History of Androscoggin County.

CHAPTER IX.

MAIL ROUTES, RAILROADS, AND POST-OFFICES.
Early Mail Routes — Staging — Railroads— Post-Offices and Postmasters.

EARLY MAIL ROUTES. — In 1793 a new highway was opened from
Augusta to Portland by way of Monmouth, Greene, etc. By the old
route via Bath it took two days to reach Portland from Hallowell, but
by this new road Portland could be reached in the forenoon of the second day,
if Monmouth was reached for breakfast on the first day. This new route was
adopted as the United States mail route when the mail service was established
in 1794. The mails were carried weekly by " post-riders " on horseback ; the
mail was in a pouch fastened behind the saddle. The rider had another bag
for local mail matter for the conveyance of which he received extra pay. He
gave warning of his approach by blowing a long tin horn, so he should not be
delayed. This route was from Portland to Gray, New Gloucester, Greene,
Monmouth, Winthrop, Hallowell, Pittston, Pownalborough, to Wiscasset. The
first post-rider between Portland and Winthrop was William Blossom. Another
route led from Portland to Gorham, Baldwin, Fryeburg, Bridgton, Waterford,
Norway, Paris, Hebron, Poland, New Gloucester, and Gray, to Portland. The
post-riders were Joseph Howe, Seba Smith, William Sawin, and Joshua Pool.
A weekly post route was established in 1806 from Portland through New
Gloucester, Danville, Minot, Turner, Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Paris,
and other towns to Portland. Josiah Smith was the first post-rider. In the
first of the century John Walker went through the Androscoggin towns from
Livermore to Danville every week, doing the work of a modern expressman
and private letter-carrier between those towns and Portland. In 1826 a post
route was established from Brunswick through the upper Androscoggin towns,
but from 1824 Joseph Griffin had sustained a weekly mail route from Brunswick
to Jay, primarily established for the distribution of the Maine Baptist Herald
he published at Brunswick. The first mail service to Lewiston was probably
given by Samuel Nash, who rode a gig from Portland to Augusta, on tri-weekly
trips. He was succeeded by Thomas Longle}^ who came to Greene in 1810.

In 1830, or earlier, tri-weekly stage lines were established on the principal
mail routes, and the mails were then carried by them. "Tom" Longley put
on the first coach on the Portland and Augusta route at that time. He was
driver and proprietor for many years, g,nd wa,s the heau ideal of a dashing

Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 95

driver, courteous and obliging, tall and commanding in appearance. He had
a wonderful memory, and it is said that in the many errands entrusted to him
he never made a memorandum and never forgot the smallest detail. He was
a marvelous story-teller and the aroma of his narrations yet lingers in the
atmosphere of the places along his route. In later life he left the box and
became an hotel keeper in Portland.

Starting from Augusta in the morning the stage reached Lewiston at noon
and Portland at night. Two dollars was the usual fare, but sometimes a route
by Brunswick lowered rates by competition. Four relays of horses were used
in the palmiest days of the stage-coach, and changes were made at Winthrop,
Greene, and Gray. At Littlefield's tavern, in Danville, the stage from Farm-
ington was met, and two coaches were generally required from there to
Portland. Longley sold the route to Edward Little, Esq., and he sold it to
Charles Clark, who is presumably the last survivor of the early " whips."
Among the successors of Longley as drivers were his son Benjamin, Lewis
Howe of Leeds, Albion C. Howard, and Benjamin Beede.

With the building of railroads staging lost its splendors, and the small
lines connecting with the cars to-day have not the prestige, coaches, or
romance of the early time. The veteran driver of the old time who tarried
longest was Phineas Clough, for many years seated on the box of the Turner
and Livermore stage.

Railroads. — The Grand Trunk Railway in Maine is the successor of the
Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad Company, incorporated by the State Legis-
lature February 10, 1845. This road was completed to Mechanic Falls, thirty-
seven miles, in the autumn of 1848. The Grand Trunk leased this road, in
1853, at a rental of six per cent, on the cost of construction of the oiie hundred
and forty-nine miles from Portland to Island Pond — $6,003,900. This road
has done much to develop the resources of the country along its line, and has
created several prosperous villages. In Maine it operates under a lease, the
branch from Lewiston to Lewiston Junction — 5.41 miles — and at Mechanic
Falls it receives the road of the Rumford Falls and Buckfield Railroad
Company, extending to the Androscoggin river in Canton.

Maine Central Railroad. — Under this name is operated several railroads
built under early charters by different companies. The Androscoggin and
Kennebec Railroad Company was chartered March 28, 1847, and by January
1, 1850, it had built a road from Waterville to Danville, Mdiere it connected
with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad. The Penobscot and Kennebec
Railroad Company was chartered April 5, 1845, and constructed a road from
Bangor to Waterville, making there a connection with the Androscoggin and
Kennebec. A law was enacted, in 1856, authorizing these two companies to
consolidate under a new name. One section of the law was not acceptable
to the companies, and they did not form the new corporation until after this

96 History of Androscoggin County.

section was repealed. September 9, 1862, the union was effected, and October
28, 1862, the Maine Central Railroad Company was organized. The Kennebec
and Portland Railroad Company, chartered in 1836, built a road from Augusta
to Yarmouth, connecting there with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad,
and a branch from Brunswick to Bath. Later it extended its road from
Yarmouth to Portland. In 1852 this corporation mortgaged its road to secure
an issue of |!250,000 in bonds. This mortgage was foreclosed and title obtained
of the road by the mortgagees, and a new corporation, the Portland and
Kennebec Railroad Company, organized May 20, 1862. January 1, 1864,
this road leased the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad (organized August 10,
1848), reaching from Skowhegan to Augusta. May 20, 1870, the Portland and
Kennebec Company leased its road and assigned its lease of the Somerset and
Kennebec id the Maine Central for nine hundred and ninety-nine years.

The Androscoggin Railroad was constructed from Farmington to Leeds
Junction. Under the state law the company issued its bonds, securing them
by a mortgage on the road. Later the company was authorized to extend its
railroad to Brunswick, and it was provided that this new portion should not
be subject to the mortgage. The mortgaged portion of the road became the
property of the mortgagees by foreclosure. May 11, 1865. They formed a new
corporation, the Leeds and Farmington Railroad Company. The Androscoggin
Railroad then extended from Leeds to Brunswick, covering the branch from
Crowley's Junction to Lewiston. June 1, 1867, the Leeds and Farmington
Railroad Company leased its road to the Androscoggin Railroad Company,
which, June 29, 1871, gave a lease of its road for nine hundred and ninety-nine
years to the Maine Central, and assigned to it its lease of the Leeds and
Farminsrton road. This lease was later confirmed and extended to nine
hundred and ninety-nine years by the company owning the road.

Thus, in 1872, the Maine Central Company had long leases of the Portland
and Kennebec Railroad, the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad, the Andros-
coggin Railroad, and the Leeds and Farmington Railroad. By an act of
February 7, 1872, these corporations were authorized to unite with the Maine
Central in a mortgage to secure bonds issued by that company. The Maine
Central now operates and controls in Maine, besides the above, the Newport
and Dexter Railroad, the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad, the Eastern
Maine, the European and North American, the Portland and Ogdensburg,
the Knox and Lincoln, and the road from Bangor to Bar Harbor. The distance
along some of these lines are : Portland to Vanceboro, 250.8 miles ; Cumber-
land Junction to Waterville, 72.5 miles; Bath to Farmington, 71.2 miles;
Crowley's to Lewiston, 4.7 miles; Waterville to Skowhegan, 18.2 miles; Belfast
and Moosehead Lake Railroad, 33.1 miles; Dexter and Newport Railroad,
14 miles; Eastern Maine Railroad, 18.8 miles; Bangor and Bar Harbor
Railroad, 42.6 miles.

Mail Routpis, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 97

These roads have done a great work in opening the country, in developing
manufacturing, and although the early stockholders were in most cases losers,
and many difficulties attended tlie construction, to-day no section of the
country has better shipping facilities or patronizes the railroads more. We
fittingly close with an extract from the diary of one who noted some of the
occurrences in railroading in its beginnings in this county.

The Androscoggin branch of the Maine Central was opened to travel from Leeds
Junction to Liverniore Falls, in November, 1852. The rolling stock consisted of one small
engine, one baggage, and two passenger cars, also a few box and flat cars. There were
no snow fences, and many hard times were experienced in getting through the snow.
December 29, 1853, fifteen inches of snow fell, drifting so that no trains were run, and
no trains were run December 30, but one managed to get through to Livermore Falls late
in the afternoon of December 31st. Again, February 23, 1854, it commenced snowing at
4 A.M., and continued all day. The train started from Leeds Junction at 10 a.m., and ran
about three miles and got stuck in a drift, and as the engine was getting short of wood and
water, the engineer left the cars and proceeded about two miles to Pettengill's crossing,
where he filled the tender with water, carrying it in pails from the brook about ten rods.
It was very cold and the men were covered with ice. As it was near night, the engineer
concluded to stop there all night. The passengers, two ladies and three men, were obliged
to stay in the cars two days and one night. Friday morning, the 24th, commenced
shovelling out the track, and 2 p.m. got the engine down to the cars, and carried the
ladies to Abram Wheeler's, then started toward Leeds Junction and arrived there at
12 p.m. Saturday, February 25th, they left Leeds Junction at noon and went as far as
North Leeds and stopped all night. February 26th they left North Leeds at 7 a.m.,
arrived at Livermore Falls at noon, and did not start again until Wednesday, March 1st.
March 18th the train left Leeds Junction at 11 a.m., went about one mile, got stuck and
returned. March 19. —Snowed all day. No trains over the road to-day. March 20. —
Train left the Junction at noon and arrived at Livermore Falls at 5 p.m. March 24. — Two
feet of snow fell. No trains over the road to-day. March 25. — Snow deep on the track.
No trains to-day. March 26.— Very blustering. No trains to-day. March 27. — Very
blustering. No train to-day. March 28-29-30-31. — No trains. April 1.— Train went down
at 2 P.M. Sunday, April 2. — Trains made regular trips. December 9. — ^ Very blustering
last night; train left Livermore Falls on time this morning with two engines, and when
near Leeds Centre ran off the track and completely wrecked both engines and baggage
car. Nobody was injured. The veteran Josiah Littlefleld was one of the engineers.

January 19, 1855. —Snowed hard all day. No trains run 20th. Snow-plough with one
engine left the junction at 12 m., got to Livermore Falls at 10 p.m., and returned to Leeds
Junction same night. February 19, 1856. —Very blustering all day. No trains on the
Androscoggin Railroad to-day. January 9, 1857. — Train run off the track; nobody injured;
19th, snowed fast all day; no trains; 10th, train left Leeds Junction at 6.30 p.m. January
22. — Snowed all day; 23d, fair and colder; no trains run to-day; 24th, train got to Leeds
at 9.30 P.M. During the winter of 1858 there was but little snow and trains were run
regularly all winter. Commenced running to East Wilton December 2Ist. January 1,
1859. — Commenced snowing at 10 a.m., and continued all day. No trains up to-day.
January 5. — Train with two engines left Leeds Junction for East Wilton at 2 p.m., and
went as far as Leeds Center, and thinking that it would be impossible to get through,
returned to Leeds Junction. Soon after they returned, Charles Garcelon, with an engine
called the "old widow," and snow-plow came down. If the up train had not returned,

98 History op Androscoggin County.

undoubtedly there would have been a serious accident, as there was no telegraphic line,
and the up train did not know that " the widow" was coming. After " the widow " had
arrived at Leeds Junction, the two engines with passenger train left Leeds at 10 p.m.
February 3.— John Kauflfer, engineer, burnt his mouth and throat so badly in blowing into
a pet-cock which was frozen on his engine, that he died in a few hours. February 4.—
Train went down at 8 p.m., and did not go up till 1 a.m., February 5th. February 10,
I8G0. — Stormy and blustering all day. Train arrived at Curtis Corner at 2 p.m., out of
water and wood, and was obliged to haul water about twenty rods in a hogshead with a
yoke of oxen. Six passengers put up at S. Brewster's for the night. The engineer, Mr.
Parker, stayed in his engine all night. The other train men stopped at S. Brewster's.
February 11.— Got the engine fired up and started for Leeds Junction at 1.30 p.m., and
returned to Farmington that night. January 16, 1861. — Snowed fast all day. No trains
to-day. January 17. —No trains run. January 18. —Train got down at 7 p.m. February
2. — Snow fell four inches last night, rained, and made a crust, and no trains were run
to-day. Februarys. — Was called the cold Friday; thirty degrees below at sunrise and
very windy. No trains run to-day. February 9. — No trains run to-day. February 21. —
Cold and blustering. The morning train from Farmington got down to Leeds Junction at
5 p.m., and returned that night. February 22. — Very blustering. No trains run to-day.
February 23. — No trains run. January 2, 1862. — Cold and very blustering. Train went
down but did not return till 10.30 p.m., January 3d. January 22. — Snowed all day.
Train went down but did not return till Sunday morning, January 26th. January 27. —
Train went down at 1.30 p.m., and did not return till 1 a.m., January 30th.

Post-Offices and Postmasters. — The first post-office established in the
limits of this county was Greene, April 1, 1796; the next was Lewiston, July
15, 1799, We are indebted to researches made in the Post-Office Department
at Washington, by Asa P. Knight for the Lewiston Journal, in 1882, for the
following valuable compilation of postmasters and date of appointment on
taking office. A few of the dates are approximative only.

Auburn (established as Goff's Corner, changed to Lewiston Falls, July 18,
1854, to Auburn, December 27, 1854). — James Goff, March 28, 1825; Edward
Little, September 16, 1826; James Goff, Jr, February 24, 1835; Joseph D.
Davis, June 6, 1849; Daniel G. Hall, March 30, 1853; Freeman Newell,
November 28, 1853; Rufus Penley, May 29, 1858; Silvester Oakes, March
19, 1861; Willard Small, August 24, 1866; Jonathan A. Hill, March 11,
1867; Henry Little, July 18, 1868; Delance Young, April 28, 1885, John C.
Blake, February 14, 1890. West Auhurn (established as Nason's Mills,
changed to Auburn, March 5, 1842, to West Auburn, December 27, 1854). —
Palfrey Lane, March 20, 1833; Enoch Littlefield, July 3, 1834; Nathaniel
Small, February 9, 1839; Enoch Littlefield, October 20, 1840; Samuel H.
Pickard, November 9, 1842; Enoch Littlefield, December 22, 1842; George
Ricker, Jr, February 1, 1850; Apollos C. Howard, March 7, 1860; George
Ricker, August 5, 1861; Henry M. Packard, December 15, 1862; John M.
Perry, December 11, 1871; E. S. Crafts, October 2, 1884. Hast Auburn.—
John C. Briggs, July 2, 1844; discontinued July 2, 1845; re-established with
same postmaster, December 24, 1849; Stillman T. Allen, April 10, 1863; C.

Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 99

White, December 3, 1863; John C. Briggs, August 13, 1866; Charles
Withington, October 30, 1866; William K. Vickery, December 13, 1866; Alvin
Waterman, July 7, 1871; David A. Whitman, March 8, 1882; Charles F.
Curtis, July 1, 1889. North Auharn (established as Center Minot, changed
to present name June 7, 1845). — Oliver Pollard, December 19, 1825; Stephen
Packard, February 13, 1835; Oliver Pollard, June 18, 1841; Stephen Packard,
June 7, 1845; Joseph Keitli, July 14, 1849; Isaac Osgood, May 19, 1853;
Levi Perry, October 3, 1857; Isaac Osgood, January 6, 1862. Auburn
Plains. — F. A. Allen, commissioned postmaster June 5, 1889; office opened
July 1st. South Auhurn (established as West Danville, changed to present
name, March 10, 1868). — Joseph S. Foster, March 11, 1850; discontinued
November 13, 1850; re-established with same postmaster, December 16, 1850;
Samuel Hicks, June 30, 1852; Brackett Marston, December 29, 1853; William
Freeman, October 6, 1859; Joseph W. Foster, August 16, 1864; Israel T.
Merrill, March 14, 1866; Quade L. Allen, January 25, 1875; John R. Pulsifer,
February 11, 1875; Loring Lovejoy, October 13, 1882; J. G. Dexter,
November, 1883. South DanviUe. — Emerson Bowie, March 27, 1886; Mrs. A.
M. Bowie, December 30, 1886. Danville. — Moses Rowe, February 13, 1822;
Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, May 15, 1826; Jeremiah Stinchfield, November 13,
1850; Oliver Waterman, May 17, 1860; Nathaniel G. Sturgis, November
14, 1861; Oliver D. Stinchfield, October 7, 1864; Harriet W. Ingersoll,
December 10, 1866; S. S. Waterhouse, December 7, 1885; P. M. Austin,
August 20, 1888; C. A. Leonard, April 12, 1890; Charles Thurston,
December, 1890.

Durham (established as South West Bend, changed to Durham, September
3, 1849). — Joseph Merrill, December 17, 1835; Rufus Jordan, December 5,
1837; JamesStrout,Jr, April 2, 1840; William L. Harmon, June 3, 1841 ; Rufus
Jordan, June 7, 1845; James Strout, Jr, March 31, 1846; Emery S. Warren,
June 27, 1849; James Strout, Jr, March 30, 1853; E. S. Warren, August 10,
1858; Henry Fitz, September 6, 1861; James H. Eveleth, March 21, 1862;
George E. Warren, September 24,1885; Marcus W. Eveleth, June 26,1890.
West Durham (established as Durham, changed to West Durham, September
3, 1849). — Thomas Freeman, December 16, 1818; Alvan Robinson, November
26, 1819; Job Sylvester, 3d, March 15, 1822; Aaron Turner, January 24,
1831 ; Benjamin M. Moses, April 7, 1835 ; Ward Bonney, July 24, 1835 ; Alvena
Moses, December 21, 1838; Joshua Lambert, August 24, 1839; William G. Hoyt,
June 3, 1841; Job P. Sylvester, January 7, 1847; William G. Hoyt, September
6,1849; Elisha Strout, March 30,1853; Job P. Sylvester, March 31, 1854;
Simon W. Miller, December 4, 1861; Charles W. Harding, February 4, 1865;
Charles G. Burgess, March 30, 1868 ; Nathan Bangs, June 24, 1870 ; Christopher
Moses, October 22, 1878; Nathan Bangs, December 17, 1878; Charles D. Dow,
October 3, 1881; Samuel W. Wilson, November 7, 1881; F. M. Soper, June

100 History of Androscoggin County.

1, 1884; R. A. Rich, October 25, 1887. Garcelon's Ferry. — O. S. Libby,
November, 1885; soon discontinued. South Durham. — Thomas Tuttle,
February 19, 1830; Thomas Estes, September 5, 1835; Francis A. B. Hussey,
June 3, 1841; John Collins, January 17,1843; Thomas Estes, June 7,1845;
Amos F. Lunt, May 29, 1849; Alfred Gatchell, March 30, 1853; Jeremiah G.
Duran, April 26,1855; George Tuttle, August 12, 1801; Thomas C. Pinkham,
January 26, 1866; Charles C. Smith, October 17, 1873; Amos F. Lunt,
October 14, 1885.

G-reene (established as Greene, changed to Greene Depot, December 10,
1849, and to Greene, May 3, 1851). — Benjamin Merrill, April 1, 1796; Luther
Bobbins, March 13, 1804; Alfred Pierce, September 17, 1840; Nathaniel
Robbins, August 2, 1841; Alfred Pierce, August 16, 1843; George H. Dear-
born, September 29, 1849; William C. Dow, May 3, 1851; Nathaniel Harris,
April 23, 1853; Erastus H. Morse, November 27, 1860; Everett L. Mower, Jan-
uary 14, 1863; H. W. Gamage, July 15, 1886; Everett L. Mower, November
16, 1889. Greene Corner (established as Greene, changed to present name.
May 3, 1851). — Elijah Barrell, December 10, 1849; Alfred Pierce, April 10,
1853; Albion Pierce, May 8, 1860; Franciana Pratt, July 13, 1863. North
Greene (established June 18, 1883). — Z. A. Gilbert, present incumbent
commissioned first postmaster.

Leeds. — Solomon Lothrop, August 27, 1822; Giddings Lane, Jr, June 17,
1829; Joseph Scammon, April 19,1830; Stillman Howard, May 10, 1834; J.
W. L. Mitchell, August 18, 1837; Thomas W. Bridghara, April 18, 1840;
Franklin B. Leonard, July 10, 1841; Issacher Lane, July 19, 1845; Isaac
T. Boothby, April 9, 1849; Solomon T. Lothrop, June 6, 1853; Green G.
More, October 7, 1864; Charles H. Lane, January, 28, 1868; Albert Knight,
January 30, 1880; Willard Lothrop, May 10, 1880; W. L. Francis, March
22, 1886. EfM Leeds. — Stephen Day, August 5, 1840; discontinued, October
8, 1842. North Leeds. ~V^?i\iQ\: Foss, January 28, 1826; Reuel Foss, March 5,
1842; Thomas C. Foss, August 7, 1861; Jason Woodman, December 20, 1871;
Louisa M. Woodman, December 10, 1880; Charles A. Whitehouse, August
18, 1888. South Leeds. — Martin Leonard, June 6, 1826; Franklin B. Leonard,
August 27, 1828; Joshua S. Turner, December 5, 1838; Oscar D. Turner, July
27,1840; John Gilmore, July 10, 1841; Salmon A. Wing, August 16,1843;
Ormand T. Wing, June 2, 1856; William Wing, March 10, 1863; Sanford Gil-
bert, May 19, 1863; James L. Bates, January 2, 1865; Duane S. Wing, March
12, 1867; Greenleaf Parker, January 18, 1876; Lois V. Parker, August 3, 1887.
West Leeds. — Jonas P. Lee, April 10, 1828; Perez S. Jennings, November 15,
1828; discontinued, April 18, 1840; established with Gessius F. Jennings,
postmaster, February 24, 1866; Stephen R. Deane, April 28, 1868; G. A. Jen-
nings, May 2, 1883; Roscoe E. Swain, June 30, 1888. Curtis Corner. — Salmon
Brewster, January 22, 1853; H. M. Brewster, December 10, 1887.

Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 101

LewiMon. — Dixn Read, July 15, 1799; William R. Frye, December 9, 1839;
Mark Lowell, May 24, 1842; Nelson B. Reynolds, February 26, 1846; John
Smith, February 26, 1849; Oliver Herrick, June 15, 1849; John Herrick, July
26, 1852; William R. Frye, March 5, 1853 ; Joseph P. Fessenden, April 17, 1861 ;
George A. Parker, June 7, 1870; Horace C. Little, January 30, 1879; Charles
Walker, April 1, 1887; William T. Smart, April 1, 1891. South Lewiston.—
Joseph Daniels, September 16, 1867; Benjamin F. Morrell, August 27, 1874;
Albert B. Clark, June 12, 1879; Andrew J. Hinkley, July 26, 1880; H. W.
Knowles, September 26, 1882.

Lisbon (established as Factoryville, changed to Lisbon, December 6,
1834). — Robert Jack, October 3,1823; Samuel Moody, June 23, 1832; Benja-
min Burgess, February 8, 1836; Joshua Gerrish, October 26,1838; Reuben 1).
Rand, May 28, 1856; Levi T. Coombs, November 7, 1857; Cliarles B. Jordan,
January 6, 1862; Charles W. Gerrish, April 7, 1873; Hannah W. Gerrish,
January 6, 1880; J. M. Corbett, July 31, 1885; Alfred E. Jordan, August 10,
1889. Lisbon Falls (established as Little River Village, changed to present
name, February 20, 1865). — William P. Davis, December 14, 1818; Ezekiel
Thompson, February 3, 1819; Joseph Cowing, March 30, 1832; Josiah Lane,
December 11, 1834; Moses Tibbetts, February 17, 1842; James Booker,
August 19, 1845 ; Jedediah Moulton, December 23,1845; Warren A. Bibber,
January 29, 1853; Aaron I. West, March 29, 1853; John O. Tracy, November
29, 1855; John H. Coombs, November 6, 1858; Seth P. Grossman, July 2,
1861; Samuel Crowell, February 4, 1868; Horace C. White, April 8, 1869;
George W. Coombs, July 24, 1874; George Plummer, January 22, 1883; John
H. Coombs, October 28,1885; George Plummer, November 9, 1889. Lisbon
OeMter. — John W. Jordan, August 4, 1884; A. K. P. Edwards, August 15, 1888.

Last Livermore. — Francis F. Haines, October 8, 1822; William B. Small,
February 9, 1839; F. F. Haines, June 30, 1841; William B. Small, March 2,
1846; F. F. Haines, August 15, 1851; William B. Small, March 2, 1852;
Francis Morrill, January 11, 1854; Jonathan Lovejoy, July 7, 1854; Elisha B.
Lovejoy, June 29, 1863; Jonathan Lovejoy, April 25, 1865; Amos Hobbs,
December 24, 1867; Francis J. Folsom, September 24, 1868; Caleb P. Brown,
February 29, 1876; Francis J. Folsom, August 12, 1878; Mrs. Ellen M.
Folsom, January 5, 1886. East Livermore Mills (changed from Brown's Mills,
January 19, 1872). — Eli N. Berry, January 5, 1872; W. A. Francis, April 1,
1886; Eli N. Berry, May 1, 1889. Livermore J^a/^s. — Elisha Pettengill,
December 21, 1830; Nathaniel Mayo, July 13, 1841; David Hale, April 2,
1844; Oliver Pettingill, August 22, 1845; Comfort Pettingill, March 7, 1848;
Stillman Reed, July 1, 1861; Alvin Record, June 22, 1870; W. S. Treat,
September 14, 1885; J. F. Jefferds, September 19, 1889.

Livermore (Brettun's Mills). — Benjamin Prescott, April 1, 1807; Benja-
min Bradford, September 30, 1809; Isaac Strickland, March 27, 1825; William

102 History of Androscoggin County.

H. Brettun, December 12, 1838; Doribus Morrison, May 11, 1842; G. W. C.
Washburn, June 11, 1844 ; David Leavitt, February 2, 1849 ; Isaac Strickland,
June 4, 1852; William Child, January 7, 1853; Samuel H. Morse, September
20, 1856; Lee Strickland, March 13, 1858; Lamont O. Stevens, August 2, 1862;
Augustus H. Strickland, September 25, 1869; Oliver P. Stevens, October 29,
1869; Lamont O. Stevens, July 7, 1870; George T. Piper, July 31, 1871; A.
H. Strickland, May 3, 1876; George T. Piper, October 1, 1878; Roscoe G.
Goding, May 17, 1885; W. F. Fuller, September 23, 1886. m-ickJands
Ferry. — Solomon Millett, December 10, 1853; Leonard Knight, December 23,
1861; David P. Hodgdon, November 25, 1863; Alonzo P. Russell, August 9,
1865; Alpheus E. Guild, April 13, 1866; George F. Piper, March 27, 1867;
John R. Millett, September 1, 1868; Russell B. Hersey, May 11, 1869; John
R. Millett, August 28, 1871 ; R. B. Hersey, January 5, 1874 ; Charles A. Libby,
May 13, 1875; Frank H. Sawtelle, May 3, 1877 ; Albert Caswell, December
11, 1877; George D. Emery, March 21, 1878; N. H. Sawtelle, February 20,
1886. Livermore Ce7iter. — John L. Wyman, June 21, 1839; Abner Moore,
November 30, 1841; Alvan C. Harlovi^, February 5, 1856; Joseph Baird, July
22, 1859; Alvan C. Harlow, September 20, 1860; John W. Bigelow, July 17,
1873; John L. Cummings, April 6, 1877; Frank B. Bigelow, July 19, 1882;
John L. Cummings, January 1, 1883; W. Carver, July 15, 1885; John L.
Cummings, January, 1888. North Livermore. — Reuel Washburn, May 5,
1824 ; Jesse Stone, January 29, 1830 ; Reuel Washburn, December 13, 1841 ;
George D. Norton, January 22, 1847 ; Matthew M. Stone, December 26, 1849 ;
Ephraim M. Steadman, February 4, 1858; Samuel P. Holman, March 10,
1860; Seth D. Washburn, May 31, 1861; George D. Norton, December 8,
1862; Augustus W. Coolidge, December 4, 1865 ; George Q. Gammon, July 27,
1868; Roscoe G. Godding, April 20, 1870; A. W. Coolidge, September
26, 1877; C. F. Roberts, October 23, 1888; Hattie L. Coolidge, March 19,
1889. South Livermore. — George F. Chase, August 19, 1856; Elbridge G.
Bryant, January 31, 1857; discontinued from May 8, 1858, to May 24, 1858;
Joi) Chase, May 24, 1858 ; George F. Chase, June 18, 1877; William S. Moore,
November 8, 1878; Mrs. M. F. Norton, November 1, 1889.

Minot (called Minot or Poland indiscriminately until Poland office was
established, April 8,1816). — Samuel Swett, January 1, 1801; Daniel Cash,
October 1, 1804; Nathan P. Woodbury, October 1, 1805; Ebenezer Simonton,
May 3, 1813; William H. Woodbury, January 2, 1818; Nathan L. Woodbury,
Novend^er 2, 1832; Jabez C. Woodman, July 20, 1841; Nathan P. Woodbury,
December 23, 1843; Willard H. Woodbury, June 29, 1847; William Dale,
June 28, 1849; Josiah D. Pulsifer, March 30, 1853; John Freeman, Jr,
November 14, 1854; Cyrus Green, December 11, 1855; Abeiza S. Freeman,
January 28, 1857; Seth M. Milliken, January 6, 1862; Joseph Freeman,

Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 103

December 26, 1862; Lyman M. Cousens, September 18, 1865; William H.
Rounds, July 27, 1868 ;• Rebecca F. Rounds, December 10, 1880. Mechanic
Falls. — Samuel F. Waterman, October 27, 1841; Jacob Dwinal, July 21,
1845; Samuel Carr, May 2, 1849; Merrill W. Stront, July 7, 1851; Alexander
B. Dwinal, February 24, 1853; Charles K. Smith, July 2, 1856; Samuel F.
Waterman, June 26, 1861; Oliver B. Dwinal, October 8, 1866; Joseph Buck-
nam, April 8, 1869; Jason Hall, July 19, 1869; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1883;
Frank A. Millett, February 22, 1887; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1891. West
iUfmof. — Calvin Bridgham, February 9, 1825; William Lowell, June 3, 1841;
Levi Whittemore, July 21, 1845; Calvin Bridgham, August 15, 1846; William
Lowell, April 23, 1840; David B. Sawyer, March 30, 1853; Joshua Parsons,
June 23, 1856; Gideon Bearce, September 16, 1861; L. Y. Millett, December
10, 1885; Gideon Bearce, July 1, 1889. East Minot. — Martin Leavitt,
December 25, 1827; discontinued April 9, 1835; John A. Dunning, September
7, 1839; discontinued April 3, 1842.

Poland. — Robert Waterman, April 8, 1816; James Hackett, June 7, 1817;
Jabez True, Jr, November 8, 1819; Josiah Jordan, May 16, 1823; David
Dunn, December 12, 1838; William Cousens, June 29, 1841; David Dunn,
June 7, 1845; Freeland Marble, July 29, 1845; David Dunn, December 30,
1847; William Cousens, September 28, 1849; George Bridgham, March 30,
1853; Otis West, December 21, 1854; David Dunn, September 25, 1856;
Cyrus Briggs, September 10, 1857; Charles Lane, June 18, 1861; Levi N.
Estes, October 24, 1865; Charles Lane, June 17, 1867; George E. Houghton,
March 31, 1871; Charles Lane, October 3, 1872; Sumner I. Rowe, July 22,
1880. Charles Rowe, July 27, 1883. East Po?aw(7. — Reuben B. Dunn, Jan-
uary 28, 1834; discontinued June 29, 1836; Jonas W. Strout, June 23, 1837;
discontinued April 22, 1842; Gilman Martin, September 4, 1849; Jonas W.
Strout, September 21, 1855; William H. Rounds, December 23, 1861 ; Luther
B. Knight, September 18, 1865; Agnes M. Walker, January 8, 1872; Daniel
W. Bailey, May 14, 1877. South Poland. — Yiiv am Ricker, June 4, 1862.
WortUe ij. — YiixmlQt L. Bass, August 8, 1882; Charles S. Strout, September 20,
1882; discontinued November 17, 1884. West Poland. — Jolm Megquier, May
19,1837; James H. Fernald, September 25, 1845; William M. Perkins, June
15, 1852; Francis Storer, January 11, 1854; Oren S. Keene, January 18, 1870;
George O. Goodwin, December 29, 1871; Silas A. Megquier, January 14, 1881;
George O. Goodwin, November 4, 1885 ; Silas A. Megquier, April 10, 1889.

Turner (established as Turner Village, changed to Turner, February 4,
1826).— William K. Porter, July 19, 1824; Philo Clark, October 8, 1834;
John Blake, July 10, 1841; Hiram Clark, December 2, 1844; John Blake, June
16,1849; Hiram Clark, March 9, 1852; Philo Clark, May 22, 1858; Hira
Bradford, Jr, April 18, 1861; Mellen A. Bearce, April 2, 1869; William L.

104 History of Androscoggin County.

Bonney, February 4, 1881; Walter B. Irish, October 1,1885; James P. Water-
man, June 14, 1889. Emt Turner (originally Turner, changed February 4,
1826). — Ichabod Bonney, 1804; Alden Blossom, March 15, 1814; discontinued
March 22, 1839. Turner An(h-os('o</</m post-office was changed to Uai<f
Turner, July 10, 1839. Postmasters from establishment are : Ezekiel Martin,
February 10, 1832; John W. Webster, December 18, 1855; James D. Gilbert,
September 18, 1860; Rutelius S. Coolidge, April 23, 1873; John W. Webster,
April 23, 1877; Warren Webster, November 18, 1881. Chases MiUs. — Solon
Chase, December 18, 1874. /^'outh Turner. — Charles H. Barrell, January 25,
1875; Mrs. Laura C. Barrell, March 31, 1887; William D. Barrell, February
20, 1889. Turner Center. — Lewis P. Bradford, February 14, 1873. Keens
Mills (changed from Keen's Mills to Aqua Mills, January 30, 1880, and again
to Keen's Mills, P'ebruary 24, 1880). — William A. Andrews, February 7, 1873 ;
Augustus R. Gilmore, January 30, 1880; William A. Andrews, February 24,
1880; Fred B. Wing, February 18, 1886. JSTorth Turner. — Timothy Howe,
December 12, 1825; Cornelius T. Richardson, January 14, 1828; William B.
Bray, November 16, 1836; Samuel B. Holt, July 28, 1841; Jesse Drew,
December 4, 1844; discontinued July 21, 1845; Isaac Strickland, April 14,
1846; Samuel B. Holt, January 19, 1849; Deering Farrar, October 31, 1855;
Lewis A. Farrar, April 7, 1856; Eland Fuller, November 7, 1864; William W.
House, March 11, 1872; Lewis A. Farrar, March 19, 1874. North Turner
Bridge. — Lee Strickland, December 30, 1830; Church P. Leavitt, July 13,
1833 ; Lewis J. Pollard, August 15; 1851 ; Jonas E. Greenwood, December

9, 1852; Sylvester S. Whitman, March 31, 1854; David Morse, Sep-
tember 25, 1856; Zenas Lane, February 13, 1857; discontinued July

10, 1857; Albert Winsliip, May 10, 1858; Albert Barker, April 24,
1865; Samuel B. Wing, December 20, 1'871 ; Albert Barker, August 27,
1874; W. W. Hobbs, April 30, 1883; Goodwin C. Caswell, April 16, 1886; S.
Houghton, January 17, 1889. Howe's Corner. — Established May 4, 1891,
George D. Humphrey, postmaster.

Wales. — Arthur N. Given, November 3, 1824; Arthur Given, January 18,
1S36; Elizabeth Given, November 15, 1875; Alden Moulton, April 5,1876;
Hattie L. Given, Marcli 15, 1886. ihst Wales. — S.imwal Potter, December
23, 1856; Josei)h G. liragg, December 4, 1857; Llewellyn S. Ham, January 30,
1860; Maria N. Ham, September 6, 1876; Mary E. Ham, November 20, 1876;
W. E. Hinckley, Sei)tember 28, 1881. Leedx Junetion (changed from Leeds
Station, March 15, 1859). — George Beals, April 15, 1850; J. B. Brackett,
December 3, 1883; J. W. llicker, May 8, 1891.

Webster (first Lisbon Four Corners, changed to Lisbon, August 8, 1832, to
Lisbon Center, December 6, 1834, to Webster, June 22, 1841). — James Small,
February 6, 1819; Samuel Heath, February 14, 1823; Nathan C. Fletcher, July
17, 1832, Amos Dwinal, July 27, 18.33; PJiilip M. Garcelon, March 29, 1836;

Military Affairs. 105

Samuel Cushmaii, July 3, 1851; Albert J. Larrabee, December 28, 1869;
George B. Smith, February 24,1880; Frederick Blethen, April 2, 1880 ; George
B. Smith, June 1, 1885; C. K. Donnell, October 1, 1887; C. A. Owen, August
1,1889. iSW^rt^^Hs.— James Weymouth, December 21, 1831; John L. Cutter,
February 21, 1842; Jacob Hill, June 22, 1844; Daniel Gary, April 11, 1849;
Retiah D. Jones, June 16, 1853; Stetson L. Hill, November 9, 1857; Bradford
D. Farnham, April 11, 1860; Isaac N. Davis, April 7, 1871; Cyprian C.
Crockett, September 15, 1876; Seth H. Wilkins, March 27, 1879; B. F.
Dennison, September 25, 1885; Edwin Woodside, November 13, 1889; did
not take office until July 1, 1890.

CHAPTER X.

MILITARY AFFAIRS.

Maine Regiments in the Civil War — The Soldiers of Androscoggin County — The Grand
Army Posts and Associate Bodies.

Not in his battles won,
Tho' long the well-fought fields may keep their name,
But in the wide world's sense of duty done.
The gallant soldier finds the meed of fame;

His life no struggle for ambition's prize,
Simply the duty done that in him lies.

— Melville Weston Fuller.

IN THIS chapter prepared to commemorate the men of this county who
took part in the great work of preserving federal unity and national honor
in the great Civil War, we have compiled a brief record of the service of
each military organization sent from Maine, with a list of its membership
credited to this county, copying their names from the adjutant-general's
reports, and carefully revising this list. So lofty was the devotion of those
who died, so honorable the services of those who survived, that only the most
complete and exhaustive record can do their deeds and their memory justice,
while so inadequate are sources of information that many errors of omission
must necessarily occur to pain survivors or do seeming injustice to gallant
men. There are inevitable inaccuracies in the official records made in
. times of haste, excitement, and confusion, and names and residences were

106 History of Androscoggin County.

often misunderstood and improperly recorded. Through irregularity in trans-
mission of enlistments to the adjutant-general, the records are incomplete,
and in many cases must remain so. We are largely indebted for the his-
torical sketches of the regiments and other organizations to the reports of
the commanding officers published at various times in the adjutant-general's
reports and to "Maine in the War," which has preserved much of value.

Androscoggin county furnished 3,812 soldiers for the Civil War, and paid
in bounties 1529,437; Auburn paying 165,275, Danville $28,136, Lewiston
$113,821, Durham 133,165, Lisbon $37,795, Minot $32,487, Poland $45,230,
Turner $62,470.

First Infantry Reii'iment. — This was organized April 28, 1861, and
mustered into the United States service at Portland, May 3, for three
months. Each one who enlisted expected to be sent at once into active
service. The field officers were : Nathaniel J. Jackson, of Lewiston, colonel ;
Albion Witham, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel ; George G. Bailey, of
Portland, major. Companies F (Lewiston Light Infantry) and H (Auburn
Artillery) were militia companies of excellent discipline and drill. Company
K, the other company raised in this county, contained raw recruits.

The act of the legislature authorizing enlistments was approved April 23,
1861. At a meeting held on the evening of that day, Charles S. Emerson,
lieutenant of Auburn Artillery, headed the list of volunteers, and is said to be
the first person to enlist in Maine. The First went into Camp Washburn at
Westbrook, and here it was reviewed by Governor Washburn. Sickness
breaking out among the men the regiment did not leave the state until
June 1, when it was ordered to Washington. Along the entire route it
received marked attention. Flags were presented to it in Boston and New
York. Li Baltimore it marched along the route where the Sixth Massachu-
setts was assaulted on the 19th, and preparations were made for battle; but no
demonstrations were made by the citizens, although the streets were crowded.
Going into camp at Washington, its drill, order, and general efficiency elicited
much praise and caused it to be kept for the defense of the city, and it
was soon given the post of honor as guard of the Long Bridge. Here it
did good work until its term of service expired, July 31. It was mustered
out of United States service at Portland, August 5, 1861, and the men
discharged from serving the remainder of their two-years' enlistment in the
state service.

Many of the soldiers re-enlisted, and the non-commissioned officers and
rank and file furnished numerous officers for other regiments. Colonel
Jackson became colonel of the Fifth ; Adjutant Fillebrown, lieutenant-colonel
of the Tenth ; Captain Emerson and Lieutenants Knowlton, Nye, and Shaw,
captains in the Tenth ; and Lieutenant Johnson, adjutant of the Seventh.

Military Affairs.

107

ROSTER.

Nathaniel J. Jackson, CoL,
James S. Fillebrown, Adjt,
Foster Randall, Serg. Maj.,
Stephen H. Manning, Q. M.
promoted Q. M., Fifth Maine,
Cyrus Freeman, Fife Maj.,
Wellington Dwiual, B,
Joseph Q. Edmunds, B,
John Fandy, B,
H. H. Hutchinson, A,
Charles E. Harris, B,
A. H. Hutchinson, B,
Levi F. Jordan, B,
Hiram B. King, A,
William Clark, D,
Franklin Dyer, D,
Jesse T. Stevens, Capt., F,
William Knowlton, Lieut, F,
.John H. Ferguson, Serg., F,
Marvin L. Blood, Serg., F,
Isaac S. Faunce, Serg., F,
Harrison A. Cook, Serg., P,
Charles H. Moore, Corp., F,
Edward S. Butler, Corp., F,
Edgar M. Eustis, Corp., F,
Almon J. Gardner, Corp., F,
Edward P. Carman, Mus., F,
Augustus C. Annis, F,
Zelind W. Annis, F,
George Abbot, F,
George W. Brown, F,
Gilbert V. Bangs, F,
Charles A. Beals, F,
Alonzo M. Bartlett, P,
Hardy W. Baker, F,
Charles H. Bowker, F,
Daniel W. Burnham, F,
John Blake, 2d, F,
Lewis Carvill, F,
Daniel J. Chandler, F,
Nicholas Curran, F,
Frank B. Dakin, F,
Abraham G. Durell, F,
Charles B. Dean, F,
William Forbes, F,
Charles R. Foster, F,
Bradley F. Gurney, F,
George H. Gould, F,
Stephen Graffam, F,
Charles W. Heney, F,
Enoch L. Hall, F,
Theodore V. Hill, F,
Charles H. Haskell, F,
David Jones, F,
Andrew Jackson, F,
Samuel W. Lovell, F,

Serg.,

Lewiston

James Lowe, F,
Samuel S. Mann, F,
Hosea S. Mace, F,
Albion K. P. Neal, F,
Luther Oliver, F,
Chester C. Pearson, F,

Lewiston

Poland

James G. Preble, F,
Edward L. Prindall, F,

>>

„

William Price, F,

)>

,,

Abel G. Rankin, F,

11

,,

Charles H. Reed, F,

>»

„

Samson H. Stover, F,

„

Hiram S. Stewart, F,

Greene

,,

John Knowles, F,

„

Lewiston

Isaiah S. Stevens, F,

Auburn

Danville

Joseph T. Stockbridge, F,

,,

Lewiston

Robert C. Thayer, F,

Turner

,,

John A. Trufant, F,

Lewiston

,,

Andrew J. Thompson, F,

,,

„

Charles H. Whitney, F,

„

„

Orrin Dwinal,G,

Poland

,,

Alonzo H. Snell, G,

M

„

Albion K. Snell, G,

,,

Hiram P. Bailey, G,

Mi not

,,

George H. Fuller, G,

Li verm ore

Durham

George W. Field, G,

"

Lewiston

Joseph F. Raynes, G,
Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H,

Auburn

>>

James C. Fulsom, Lieut, H,

»

,,

Phineas W. Dill, Lieut, H,

II

„

James Dingley, Jr, Serg., H,

II

„

Aaron T. Frost, Serg., H,

,,

„

Horace Wright, Serg., H,

,,

„

Royal A. Bray, Serg., H,

Turner

„

John O. Kidder, Corp., H,

Auburn

Auburn

Albert B. Furbish, Corp., H,

jj

Lewiston

Jabez M. Hogan, Corp., H,

Lewiston

Turner

George A. Warren, Mus., H,

,,

Lewiston

Eleazer B. Atwood, H,

Poland

Charles R. Anderson, H,

Lewiston

James L. Barker, H,

,,

Thomas R. Beal, H,

Durham

William W. Bailey, H,

,,

Benjamin M. Bradbury, H,

Auburn

Alex B. Conant, H,

,,

George B. Coburn, H,

Lewiston

Dennett Cotton, H,

Auburn

Thomas H. Cotton, H,

,,

Timothy DriscoU, H,

Lewiston

James T. Doyle, H,

,,

Daniel P. Eaton, H,

Auburn

Stephen R. Estes, H,

Lewiston

Albert W. Freeman, H,

Minot

Henry W. Furbush, H,

Lewiston

Harrison B. Green, H,

Auburn

William H. Gordon, H,

„

108

History of Androscoggin County.

George W. Harradon, H,
Washington F. Harradon, H,
Charles E. Harradon, H,
George B. Haley, H,
David A. Jumper, H,
George F. Joy, H,
Isaiah Kimhall, H,
Roscoe J. Kidder, H,
William R. Little, H,
Sullivan Luce, H,
Nathaniel Lovejoy Jr, H,
Lemout Manning, H,
Charles P. Miller, H,
Charles S. Merrill, H,
Chandler Nason, H,
George H. Parker, H,
Jabez Pratt, H,
Andrew J. Royall, H,
Churchill S. Stevens, H,
IMiineas W. Skinner, H,
Josiah Stone, H,
Sidney Small, H,
William M. Savage, H,
Samuel L. Stevens, H,
John S. Turner, H,
Nathaniel R. Turner, H,
James H. Tunks, H,
Augustus White, H,
Philip Witham, H,
Benjamin F. Hicks, I,
Silas B. Osgood, Capt., K,
Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K,
George H. Nye, Lieut, K,
John B. Cook, Serg., K,
Benjamin A. Howard, Serg., K,
Edwin Robbins, Serg , K,
Richard W. Stewart, Serg., K,
Ethelbert C. Caswell, Corp., K,
James Layden, Corp., K,
Asa J. Cole, Corp., K,
John R. Morrill, Corp., K,
Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K,
Henry Ash ton , K,

Auburn

Andrew Bubier, K,.

Webster

„

James R. Braley, K,

Lewiston

„

Ivory Brown, K,

„

Lisbon

George W. Bickford, K.

,,

Lewiston

Albert L. Bolan, K,

,,

Lisbon

Frederick N. Baker, K,
Ellsworth A. Brown, K,

"

Turner

Houghton Bond, K,

,,

Auburn

Hiram Cord well, K,

,,

Lisbon

Elmer Chipman, K,

Poland

Greene

Nathan Herrick, K,

,,

Lewiston

Jordan G. Carville, K,

Lewiston

Auburn

Benjamin A. Eaton, K,

Greene

Durham

James B. Ford, K,

Lewiston

Auburn

Joseph F. Goss, K,

,,

Durham

George F. Hodgdon, K,

Livermore

Greene

Almond L. Goss, K,

Danville

Danville

James Guiney, K,

Lewiston

Auburn

Ambrose E. Hammond, K,

,,

Poland

James Hedon, K,

,,

Lewiston

Charles H. Jumper, K,

,,

Auburn

Leonard Jepson, K,
Albert E. Kingsley, K,
Augustus K. Lane, K,

"

Lewiston

Frederic S. Myrick, K,

,,

,,

Richard McCarthy, K,

Auburn

Auburn

Jonathan Nash, K,

,,

,,

James E. Osgood, K,

Lewiston

Lewiston

James Onias, K,

,,

Lewiston

Manassah Pettingill, K,
Charles W. Smith, K,
Llewellyn Sawyer, K,
James Smith, K,
Philip H. Tarr, K,
Charles E. Taylor, K,
James E. Tarr, K,
Reuben Viele, K,
Elias S. Webber, K,
Melvin Woodcock, K,
Michael Welch, K,
John A. Willard, K,

"

,,

Lewis Gordon, H,

Poland

,,

Frank C. Adams, K,

Auburn

Seeond Infantry Rcf/imfnt. — This was rendezvoused at Bangor, and left the
state May 14, 18(31. It was organized at Long Island, N. Y., May 28, 1861, to
serve two and three years. Charles D. Jameson was colonel; Charles W.
Roberts, lieutenant-colonel ; George Varney, major; all of Bangor.

July 1 the Second joined the Army of Virginia at Falls Church, and on
July 21 did distinguished service at Bull Run. "The Second, in its two-
years' enlistment, saw an amount of service that would put to the blush
many of the veteran troops of the old world. It was engaged in eleven bloody
and hard-fought battles and numerous skirmishes, always distinguishing itself^
and never received the slightest word of censure from the higher commanding

Military Affairs.

101 >

officers. It had a i-ecord second to none from the state. Its tedious marches
were cheerfully sustained, and it never wearied, never faltered, never mur-
mured, but at all times, even in its most desperate engagements, faithfully and
unflinchingly performed its duty." The two-years' men were mustered out
June 9, i860, and the others transferred to the Twentieth.

Colonel Jameson was promoted brigadier-general and showed great
gallantry. He died November (3, lcS62, from injuries received at Fair Oaks.
He was succeeded as colonel by Charles W. Roberts, and January 10, 1863,
Major Varney became colonel.

ROSTER.

John C. Harmon, Corp., A, Lowiston

John F. Black, A, pro Lt, Aug. I), 01,

Alhion Morris, band, Leeds

Michael Young, B, Webster

John McDonald, B, trans to '20 Me, Lewistou
John Sullivan, C, Auburn

Third Infanfr// Bajimenf. — This regiment went into camp at Augusta,
May 28, 1861, and was organized June 4, 1861. Its in-rsonnel was most
admirable, for the Kennebec lumberman was largely represented, and all were
well-formed men. The average weight of one company was 170 pounds. Its
service of three years was marked by undaunted valor, patient endurance, and
heroic achievements. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 28, 1864, and the
recruits transferred to the Seventeenth. Its first colonel was Oliver O.
Howard, of Leeds, promoted to brigadier-general September 7, 1861. Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Isaac N. Tucker was discharged November 4, 1861. Lieutenant-
Colonel Charles A. L. Sampson resigned July 7, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Edwin Burt was killed in the Wilderness fight of May 6, 1864. Major
Henry G. Staples, the first major, was promoted to colonel, and resigned
November 14, 1862, and Major William C. Morgan was killed at North Anna,
May 23, 1864. November 14, 1862, Moses B. Lakeman, who was first captain
of Company B, was commissioned colonel.

The Third took active part in the battles of Centreville, Bull Run,
Yorktown, Williamsburg, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run,
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas, Wilderness, Spottsyl-
vania, and South Anna.

ROSTER.

Oliver Otis Howard, CoL, promoted to

Brig. Gen.,
William H. Jewett, Asst. Surgeon,
Charles H. Howard, Drum Major, pro-
moted to staff,
Russell Carver, A, wd at Fair Oaks, ,,

Page T. Francis, A, ,,

Frank Bubier, B, Lewistou

Leeds
Turner

Leeds

Joseph C. Harlow, C, transferred to

Third U. S. Artillery, Auburn

Charles M. Landers, C, pro to Serg., Danville
Frank Heald, F, Lewiston

Newell Strout, Capt., K, res 1861, Durham

Freeman H. Strout, Serg., K, killed, ,,

Frederic H. Strout, Corp., K, promoted
to 1st Serg., ,,

110

History of Androscoggin County.

William B. Bryant, K, Turner

Thomas J. Bryant, K, ,,

John W. Campbell, K, died Sept. 16,

1861, Livermore

Jason Carver, K, disch Sept. 19, ISOl, Leeds

Lloyd B. Caswell, K, trans 17 Me, ,,

Francis George, K, ,,

William Heald, K, East Livermore

John C. Keene, Capt., K, killed, Gettys-
burg, July 2, 18G:{, Leeds
Levi R. Reay, K, died in prison, ,,
Henry S. Turner, K, ,,
Benjamin Woodman, K, died in service, ,,
Elisha K. Mann, Corp., K, transferred

to 17 Maine, ,,

Henry O. Fabyan, K, died Oct. 30, 18(52, ,,
Walter W. Boothby, K, kd Dec. 13, 02,
Dexter W. Howard, K.pro Serg., trans

17 Me, ,,

Buggies S. Keay, K, trans to 17 Me, Greene
Clark H. Eldridge, H, Livermore

Eben Farrington, Corp., H, died July 2,

1863, Livermore

Charles W. Pike, I, East Livermore

C. C. Eldridge, killed,

Jefferson T. Stevens, killed, ,, ,,

John J. O'Connell, B, trans 17 Me, Lewiston
Edward E. Jones, B, trans 17 Me, Minot

Josiah Winslow, E, transferred 17 Me, ,,

George G. Babb, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston

Amos B. Canwell, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Frederic Cook, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston

George W. Foster, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

John Fallen, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Henry H. Garcelon, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Cyrus W. Gilpatrick, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Lars F. Miller, C, trans 17 Me, „

John Smith, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Mandrid O. Savage, C, trans 17 Me, ,,

Charles D. Wallace, C, ,,

Albion P. Cobb, D, died Dec. 2, 1863,
Emery E. Lowell, D, trans 17 Me, ,,

Henry F. Noyes, D, trans 17 Me, ,,

James Welch, D, ,,

James L. Kilgore, E, ,,

Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland

Stephen P. Cutler, G, trans 17 Me, Lewiston
George W. Hatch, G, killed May 12, 18(i4, ,,
Charles Harris, G, died Feb. 13, 1804, Livermore
James L. Faden, H, trans 17 Me, Turner

Orville Young, H, trans 17 Me, ,,

Samuel Parker, H, trans 17 Me, Lewiston

Henry H. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,,
William C. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,,
John L. Tubbs, H, killed May 12, 1864, „
Arthur L. Coombs, I, trans 17 Me, ,,

Joseph O. Sturtevant, I, trans 17 Me, Leeds
James M. Hatch,P.,killedMay 31, 1864, Lewiston
Martin McElroy, B, ,,

Charles W. Lowell, I, trans 17 Me, ,,

John Warner, I, trans 17 Me, ,,

W. Heald, East Livermore

Fourth Infantry Regiment. — The state regimental organization was
completed May 8, 1861, at Rockland, and it was mustered into the national
service for three years, June 15, 1861. Hiram G, Berry, of Rockland, was
colonel; Thomas H. Marshall, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S.
Nickerson, of Searsport, major. The Fourth did gallant service in most of the
important battles in Virginia, and at Gettysburg, during its three-years'
warfare, was mustered out July 19, 1864, and the veterans and recruits
transferred to the Nineteenth. Lieutenant-Colonel Marshall was promoted to
colonel of the Seventh Maine, September 9, 1861, and his successor,
Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Nickerson, was commissioned colonel of the
Fourteenth, November 29, 1861. Lieutenant-Colonel Silas M. Fuller resigned
March 1, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo D. Carver was discharged
December 16, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel George G. Davis was commissioned
May 10, 1864. Major William L. Pitcher was killed at Fredericksburg,
December 13, 1862. Major Ebenezer Whitcomb died October 5, 1863, from
wounds received at Gettysburg, and Major Robert H. Grey, May 9, 1864,
of wounds received in action. March 17, 1862, Major Elijah Walker was made
colonel on the promotion of Colonel Berry to brigadier-general. General
Berry won unfading honors. He was given official credit for saving the day at

Military Affairs.

Ill

Williamsburg. After the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, General
A. P. Hill, commanding the Confederates, sent a flag of truce to compliment
General Berry on his skillful generalship. In March, 1863, General Berry was
made major-general, and May 3, 1863, was killed at Chancellorsville, after
having saved the day with his division. Captain Edwin M. Smith, of Company
G, was made major, April 1, 1862, but soon resigned to become assistant-
adjutant-geneial on the staff of General Berry, and was killed at Fair Oaks.

ROSTER.

Freeborn G. Bean, A, trans 19 Me, Lewiston
John Cusick, A, trans 19 Me, ,,

John Cochran, A, trans 19 Me, ,,

James C. Crafts, A, trans 19 Me, ,,

John Carter, A, trans 19 Me, ,,

Charles W. Merrill, D, trans 19 Me, ,,

Henry Martin, D, trans 19 Me, ,,

William Reiley, D,
Henry O. Smith, D, trans 19 Me,
Hezekiah D. Morse, F, died in service, Poland
William L. Brown, G, trans 19 Me, Livermore
Adoniram L. Dyer, G, died Feb. 8, G4, ,,
James B. Davis, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston

Hngh Hunter, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston

Charles Hermann, G, ,,

Peter Lee, G. trans 19 Me, ,,

George Wilbur, G, trans 19 Me, ,,
Elisha S. Bisbee, Serg., G, killed May

23, 1864,

Daniel McDonald, H, ,,

George Martin, I, ,,

Charles Miles, I, trans 19 Me, „
Otto Smith, K, trans 19 Me,

Nathan B. Harlow, C, trans 19 Me, Auburn

John L. Higgins, C, trans 19 Me, Webster

Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot

Fifth Infantry Regiment. — This was raised in the third division of the
state militia, and, contrary to the preceding ones which had one or more
organized and well-drilled militia companies in each organization, was wholly
composed of raw men. The regiment was mustered into United States service
June 24, 1861, with Mark H. Dnnnell, of Portland, colonel; Edwin lUsley,
of Limington, lieutenant-colonel ; Samuel C. Hamilton, of Biddeford, major.
Emery W. Sawyer, of Lisbon, was captain of Company E, and Aaron S.
Daggett, of Greene, first lieutenant. William A. Tobie, of Poland, was
captain ; and Hamlin T. Bucknam, of Minot, first lieutenant of Company K.

Two days after the muster-in, the Fifth left the state en route for the
Army of the Potomac and the battlefield, with 1,046 men. June 27, the
Sons of Maine of New York City, presented the regiment with a silken
regimental flag. June 29 it went into camp at Meridian Hill, but soon
joined the Union forces south of the Potomac, and July 21 was terribly
involved in the disastrous battle of Bull Run ; in the retreat losing
knapsacks, tents, cooking utensils, and clothing, all these falling into Confed-
erate hands. The regiment, without opportunities for drill, was engaged in
fatigue and picket duty, and suffered severe privations for lack of necessary
supplies and from sickness. Colonel Dunnell, who was United States consul
at Vera Cruz and on leave of absence, resigned the colonelcy September
2, and was succeeded by Colonel Nathaniel J. Jackson, late of the First.
The same month the lieutenant-colonel and major resigned, and were succeeded

112

History of Androscoggin County.

by Captain William S. Heath of Company H, Third Maine, as lieutenant-
colonel (killed in action, June 27, 1862), and Captain Edward A. Scammon
of Company H, of the Fifth, as major.

A rapid improvement succeeded in the health of the regiment, as they were
moved to a healthful location, and drill soon brought good discipline. From
this time it shared the privations, the honors, and the losses of the bravest
reo-iments in the Army of the Potomac. Colonel Jackson was made brigadier-
general, September 24, 1862, and November 1, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel
Scammon became colonel. Major Edwards, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain
Millett of Company A, major. Colonel Scammon resigned January 8, 1863,
and Lieutenant-Colonel Edwards was made colonel, and Major Millett, lieu-
tenant-colonel. Captain Aaron S. Daggett, of Company E, became major, April
24, 1863.

This regiment was mustered out at Portland, July 27, 1864, and the
veterans and recruits transferred to the Sixth Maine Battalion. During its
service it was engaged in eleven pitched battles and eight heavy skirmishes
before participating in the Wilderness campaign. It captured more prisoners
than were altogether numbered in its own ranks, and six Confederate battle-
flags. General Upton, commanding the division in wliich the Fifth served,
complimented it highly as it left the front for liome, in a letter to the officers
and men from wliich we extract: —

Tour gallantry, your constancy, your devotion to the Hag of your country, your patient
endurance of fatigue during the campaigns of three long years entitle you to the lasting
gratitude and esteem of your countrymen. You have given proof of your valor and
jjatriotism on every field from the first Bull Run to the present time. Leaving your native
state with over 1,040 men, after receiving a large number of recruits, you now return with
but 216. The long list of battles in which you have participated, including Bull Run,
West Point, Gaines' Mill, Charles City, Crarapton Gap, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Salem
Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, the eight-days' battle of the Wilderness, Spott-
sylvania, and Cold Harbor, will account for your losses.

ROSTER.

Nathaniel J. Jackson, Col, promoted

to Brig.-Gen., Lewiston

Edwin Illsley, Lieut-Col, resigned, ,,

Stephen H. Manning, Q. M., promoted

A. Q. M..
Warren Hume, band, ,,

George A. Chandler, Serg.-Maj., pro

Lieut, A, taken pris July 24, (53, ,,

Fabian Churchill, C, killed May 3, 1863, Minot
Adelbert Churchill, C, killed, ,,

John Foster, C, ,,

John H. Stevens, 1st Lieut, C, tr D, Greene
Lawrence Hassett, D, Lewiston

Thomas Tuttle, D, Durham

William A. Walker, D, kd Jan. 3, 64, Durham
Charles Manning, D, Lewiston

Emery W. Sawyer, Capt., E, resigned

Aug., 1861, Lisbon

Aaron S. Daggett, Lieut, E, promoted

Capt., Aug. 1.5, 1861, promoted Maj.,

Jan. 5, 1863, Greene

Frank L. Lemont, E, pro Capt. Jan. 8,

1863, kd May 12, 1864, Lewiston

Norris Litchfield, Serg., E.

John B. Bailey, Serg., E.died, Auburn

Leander Prentiss, Corp., E, discharged

Oct., 1861, Lewiston

John A. Lane, Corp., E, ,,

Military Affairs.

113

Washington Ellis, Corp.; E, discharged

Aug., 1861, Lisbon

Charles B. Keith, Corp., E, discharged

Nov., 1861, Auburn

Isaac G. Jordan, Corp., E, discharged

Oct., 1861, Lewiston

Samuel M. Thomas, Mus., E, discharged

Oct., 1861, Durham

E. S. Litchfield, wagoner, E, Lewiston

Alonzo Adley, E, promoted Serg., Lisbon

Rodney B. Atwood, E, killed, ,,

Charles H. Bodge, Corp., E, Leeds

Isaac A. Blethen, E, kd Nov. 27, ()3, Durham
Silas R. Cummings, E, Greene

Lemont Manning, E, Lewiston

David D. Dresser, E, ,,

Francis Day, E, promoted Serg., Durham

Jeremiah Day, E, Leeds

Joseph T. Dennison, E,disch Oct., 61, Durliam
Edward Collins, E, Lewiston

Henry P. Estes, E, ,,

B. Franklin Frost, E, Durham

Almond L. Foss, E, died Sept., 62, Lewiston
Adelbert H. Holland, E,
Daniel Harvey, Corp., E, killed atGaines

Hill, Durham

Nathaniel Haskell, E, Lewiston

Samuel O. Hatch, E, disch Oct., 61, ,,

James C. Higgins, E, kd May 3, 1863, Lisbon
Thomas Higgins, E, disch Oct., 61, Lewiston
George H. Hamilton, E, died of wounds

Nov. 14, 1863,
Charles E. Jones, E, kd May 10, 64, Turner
David H. Jones, E, Auburn

Horace E. Kimball, E, Lewiston

Lucius L. Lothrop, E, ,,

Luther Litchfield, E,

Lee W. Laugh ton, E, ,,

William H. Larrabee, E, ,,

Luther C. Manlej', E, Auburn

David Given, E, ,,

James Maloney, E, Lewiston

Walter A. Moulton, E, ,,

Horace H. Moody, E, died Aug. 30, 62, Durham
Levi Marks, E, Lewiston

Thomas H. Mason, E, ,,

Henry McCone, E, ' ,,

James G. Purington, E, Lisbon

Isaiah C. Purinton, E, ,,

Isaiah Randall, E, disch Sept., 61, Lewiston

Daniel Sheehan, E, promoted Corp., ,,

Cyrenus P. Stevens, Corp., E, jiromoted

1st Serg., Greene

Daniel Sutherland, E, Durham

David Small, E, Danville

John L. Verrill, E, Poland

Charles N. Waterman, E, Durham

John Howard Nason, F,

Henry Whittingham, E, Lewiston

Thomas Ward, E,

John Harvey, E, Auburn

Preston R. Bryant, E, disch July, 61, ,,

Andrew J. Lufkin, Serg., disch Sept.,

1861, Lewiston

Charles E. Coombs, F, Auburn

Joseph Charlton, F, disch Aug., 61, Lewiston
William Connolly, F, „

Charles Edwards, F, ,,

Lyman H. Edwards, F, ,,

John Loney, P, ,,

Elias Malone, F, trans K, ,,

R. D. Meridith, F, „

Melvin A. Perkins, F, Auburn

Albion R. Stewart, Corp., F, Lewiston

Sylvester Smith, F, disch Oct., 61,
Bernard McGee, F, ,,

Samuel Gray, F, ,,

Harry M. Stinson, H, Auburu

Josiah M. Penley, H, Danville

John Binner, H, missing in action May

3, 1863, Lewiston

John Conlin, H, ,,

George W. Fargo, I, Turner

James Kelly, I, Lewiston

Josiah Thompson, I, ,,

William A. Tobie, Capt., K, Poland

Hamlin T. Bucknam, Lieut, K, pro-
moted Capt., Sept. 23, 1861, Minot
Smith G. Bailey, Serg., K, promoted

Lieut, H, killed, Poland

John J. Bragdon, Serg., K, promoted 1st

Serg.,
John T. Mason Serg., K, Lewiston

Comfort M. Perkins, Corp., K, Minot

Charles E. Harris, Corp., K, wounded,

transferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland
George E. French, Serg., K, killed at

Fredericksburg, Auburn

Charles Andrews, K, missing in action

May 3, 1863, Minot

Richard Bailey, K, ,,

John F. Bancroft, K, Poland

William A. Campbell, K, Minot

Charles W. Campbell, K, ,,

Dudley Chase, K, ,,

Augustus A. Dwinal, Serg., K, ,,

Burbank Spiller, 1st Lieut, K, ,,

George A. Durgin, K, Poland

Joseph Q. Edmunds, Corp., K, Auburn

Silas Estes, K, died Dec. 27, 1861, Poland

John Fardy, K, Lewiston

Solomon Frost, K, ,,

Ezra M. Goodwin, K, Minot

William H. Grant, K, Poland

Tristram T. Harris, K, ,,

S. Frank Haskell, K, „

114

History of Androscoggin County.

Delmar Harris, K,

Minot

Albert W. Hines, Corp., K,

Turner

Barney Heany, K,

Lewiston

Almond H. Hutchinson, K,

Minot

Samuel H. Hutchinson, K,

,,

Henry H. Hutchinson, Corp., K,

,,

Silas C. Libby, K,

Poland

Dan Matherson, K,

Lewiston

Donald McDonald, K,

,,

Charles F. McKenney, K,

Minot

Beniah Niles, Jr, K, died May 17,

1863, Auburn

Marshall S. Phillips, K,

,,

Charles A. Richardson, K,

Minot

Alauson W. St Clair, K,

Poland

Horace A. Verrill, K,

,,

George H. Trundy, K,

Minot

Henry C. Weston, Corp., K,

,,

William A. Campbell, K,

„

Elias Maloon, K,

Lewiston

Harrison J. Dwinal, K,

Minot

Wellington H. Dwinal, K,

,,

John French, K,

Turner

Levi F. Jordan, K, wounded, trans-
ferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland
Walter S. Witham, E, died May 4, 62, Lewiston
James L. Baker, E, ,,
John Barnes, ,,
Hollis Edwards, „
Isaac G. Jordan, E, ,,
Charles Dore, K, Minot
Arthur M. Brown, K, ,,
William H. Morse, E, ,,
Edwin Goss, E, died July 27, 1862, Lewiston
Frank S. Goss, E, Danville
Warren Keen, Lisbon
Henry M. Gould, Greene
James M. Atwood, Livermore
William H. Everett, C, died May 14, 63, Poland
David Jewell, G, ,,
George A. Hodgkins, K, trans V. R. C, ,,
William E. Morton, E, trans U. S. N., „
Samuel W. Taylor, E, Wales
Albert L. Deering, Lieut, 1, promoted

to Capt., H, Webster

S'ixth Lifantry Regiment. — This was organized at Portland and mustered
into the national service July 15, 1861, with Abner Knowles, colonel ; Hiram
Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Frank Pierce, major. This regiment was largely
composed of stalwart lumbermen. It went to the Army of the Potomac, was
in ten general engagements and innumerable skirmishes; in three battles it
led the attack and left half its number lying on the field. It won a reputation
for unflinching courage and bravery which caused its selection for especially
dangerous service. Colonel Knowles resigned his commission December 11,
1861, and was succeeded by Colonel Burnham. Captain Charles H. Chandler,
of (yonipany A, was made lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Benjamin F. Harris,
of Company C, major. Chandler resigned March 9, 1863, and Harris became
lieutenant-colonel, the major being Major Joel A. Haycock, killed at Fred-
ericksburg, May 3, 1863. He was succeeded May 28, 1863, by Major George
Fuller. Colonel Burnham was promoted to brigadier-general, and Major Fuller
became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Theodore Lincoln, Jr, of Company F,
major. General Burnham was killed at Chapin's Bluff, September 28, 1864.
The regiment was mustered out at Portland, August 15, 1864, and the
veterans and recruits transferred to the Seventh Maine. Eben W. Foster, of
Company H, was from Lewiston, and M. V. B. Gilmore, of Company I, was
from Turner. He died November 25, 1862.

Seventh Infantry Mcyhicnf. — This was raised throughout the state. At its
organization, August 21, 1861, Edwin C. Mason, of Portland, was colonel;
Selden Connor, of Fairfield, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W. Hyde, of Bath,
major; Elijah D. Johnson, of Lewiston, adjutant; William L. Haskell, of
Poland, first lieutenant of Company B ; John B. Cook, of Lewiston, second

Military Affairs.

115

lieutenant of Company K. The regiment left the state August 23, and
arrived in Baltimore, August 25. While here the Union ladies of the
city presented it with a fine stand of colors. September 5, Lieutenant-Colonel
Thomas H. Marshall, of the Fourth Maine, was appointed colonel, but died
October 25, the day his regiment left for Washington. His earnest character
and sterling worth had endeared him to all associated with him. In
November, the Seventh joined the Army of the Potomac, and on the tenth
Colonel Mason took command. This regiment was in many memorable
battles, and its soldiers were honored by the personal thanks of General
McClellan for bravery and good conduct at Williamsburg, in these words:
" You and your comrades arrested the progress of the advancing enemy, saved
the army from a disgraceful defeat, and turned the tide of victory in our
favor." The Seventh gained glory at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Mechanics-
ville, Golding's Farm, White Oak Swamp, Crampton's Pass, Antietam,
Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, and Spottsylvania. Its numbers
were so materially decimated by battle and disease that in October, 1862, it
was sent home to recruit. January 25, 1863, it rejoined its old command.
December 1, 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel Connor was commissioned colonel of
the Nineteenth, and Major Hyde promoted to colonel, and Captain James P.
Jones promoted to the majority December 29, 1863. After many sieges,
marches, and battles, the Seventh returned to Augusta, and September 5, 1864,
those soldiers whose term of service had expired were mustered out and the
others consolidated with the Fifth and Sixth to form the First Veteran
Infantry.

ROSTER.

Elijah D. Johnson, Adjt, Lewiston

Albert L. Frye, Hospital Steward, ,,

Marcus M. Small, K, died. East Livermore

William L. Haskell, 1st Lieut, B, pro

Capt., G, wd Antietam, died 62, Poland

•Sumner R. Tarbox, B, Lewiston

Hiram M. Hatch, B, ,,

Thomas A. Galusha, B, Lisbon

C. K. Hewey, D, Webster

Veraaus M. Arno, D, Wales

Charles Doughty, D, Durham

John Lee, D, Lewiston

William B. Rush, D,

William Barrows, F, transferred to D, Minot
Silas Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,,

Almon L. Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,,

George W. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,,

George G. Saunders, Serg., F, ,,

Mark A. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,,

John B. Cook, Lieut, K, promoted to

Capt., I, Lewiston

John B. Jennings, Serg., K, killed May

4, 1863, Leeds

Joseph Hackett, K,

Greene

John W. Adams, K,

Auburn

John F. Adams, K, died Oct

17, 1862

,,

Charles H. Hatch, K,

„

Marcellus F. Cushman, K,

Leeds

Jordan G. Carvill, K,

Lewiston

Ezekiel Hackett, K,

Greene

Merrill J. Hibbard, K,

Lewiston

George F. Hodgdon, K,

East Livermore

Winflield S. Norcross, K,

Livermore

Hiram Jenkins, K, died Oct.

19, 1862,

Wales

Sanford K. Knox, K,

Greene

Jacob Kimball, K,

,,

James W. Libby, Serg., K,

Leeds

William H. Larrabee, K,

promoted

Adjt and 1st Lieut, H,

Danville

Nathan A. Munroe, K,

Auburn

Charles W. Merrill, K,

Lisbon

Franklin Peale, K,

Leeds

Albert M. Rose, K,

,,

John Q. Robbins, K, died Oct., 1862,

,,

Allen F. Plummer, K,

Wales

William F. Record, K, died Dec. 10, 1861, Greene

116

History of Androscoggin County.

Loring C. Record, K, Turner
Henry J. Ricker, K, died Jan. 20, 1862,
Wansbron Turner, K, died Nov. 24, 1861, Leeds

Elbridge P. Wardwell, K, Greene

William H. Whitney, K, Lisbon
Joseph P. Getchell, K, died Jan 24, 62, Durham

Dennis Harris, K, Greene

John B. Cook, Capt., I, Lewiston

Aaron L. Hill, I, ..

George B. Moor(!, H, Lisbon

George W. McKenney, K, Greene

Henry Ricker, K, ,,

Lyman Besse, K, Lewiston

James B. Blackstone, K, ,,

Richard Byrns, K, i,

John Collins, K, „

John Daly, K, „

John Dow, K, ,,

Dennis Downey, K, ,,

John Grant, K, >,

Ashel W. Hutchins, K, „

Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K, Com.

21 Maine,
James McCabe, K,
Felix McHannan, K,
John Magner, K,

Patrick Murphy, K, died May, 1862,
Increase Gould, K,
James H. Woodward, G,
Francis M. Bragdon, B,
Edward Sisk, Serg., D,
Charles H. Hodgdon, G,
Benjamin F. Mower, I,
James Mohegan, K,
George Morgan, K,
Lyman E. Besse,
Karl Yahr,
J. T. M. Lahrssen,
Walter E. Randt,
Robert Huencke,
Paul H. Ingensen,

Col.

Lewiston

Lisbon

Poland

Lewiston

Wales

Greene

Lewiston

Auburn

Ei;ihth Maine Infantrii. — This regiment was organized at Augusta, Septem-
ber 7, 1861. Lee Strickland, a patriotic and loyal citizen of Livermore, raised
a company and was elected colonel; John D. Rust, of Camden, was lieutenant-
colonel; Joseph S. Rice, of Ellsworth, major; James Dingley, Jr, of Auburn,
adjutant; William H. Timberlake, of Livermore, second lieutenant of Company
C. The regiment left the state September 10, and reported to Brigadier-General
E. L. Viele, at Long Island, N. Y. December 14, Colonel Strickland resigned,
on account of ill health, and Lieutenant-Colonel Rust was commissioned colonel.
February 14, 1862, five companies were ordered to Dawfuski Island, S. C, and
May 1, Colonel Rust was ordered to report at Typee Island, about five miles
distant. Here during the bombardment of Fort Pulaski the most exposed
positions were assigned to Companies D, E, F, H, and I. The regiment was
mostly employed until the spring of 1864 in guard duty in South Carolina and
Florida, and suffered much from exposure. In the fall of 1862, when the first
regiment of colored troops was raised, the men of the Eighth were warm
espousers of their enlistment and nearly half of the line officers of the first
regiment of colored troops were from the Eighth. In March, 1864, 316 vet-
erans who had re-enlisted received a furlough of thirty days, and the others,
numbering about one hundred and twenty, were mustered out at Augusta,
September 15, 1864. This regiment actively participated in the bombardment
of Fort Pulaski (one of its flags was the first to be raised over the fort after
the surrender), siege of Charleston, Drury's Bluff, battle of Coal Harbor,
Chapin's Farm, and many other engagements. The flag presented by Governor
Hicks, of Maryland, in behalf of Mrs. Viele, was borne in all its battles. The
officers and men of the Eighth were not excelled by any in the service for
bravery and efficiency.

Military Affairs.

117

Colonel Rust was mustered out August 19, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Henry Boynton became colonel, and February 26, 1865, tendered his resigna-
tion, and was succeeded by Colonel William M. McArthur. In the United
States Official Army Register it is stated that Lieutenant-Colonel E. W. Wood-
man was discharged May 6, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Twitchell,
April 18, 186)3, Lieutenant-Colonel John Hemingway resigned February 16,
1864, and Edward A. True was commissioned lieutenant-colonel March 8, 1865.

The Eighth was mustered out of the United States service at Fort Munroe,
January 18, 1866, and discharged at Augusta, January 25, 1866.

ROSTER.

Auburn
died of

Livermoi-e

Greene

Lee Strickland, Col, res Dec. 14, 61, Livermore
Augustus H. Strickland, Q. M., Cora.

Sept. 9, LSfil,
James Dingley, Jr., Adjt,
Charles F. Monroe, Lieut, C

wounds, June 6, 1864, C,
Wm. H. Timberlake, Lieut, C,
John M. Rohbins, Q. M., Serg.
Thomas A. Kilgore, Serg., C, promoted

Lieut, died Nov. 19, 1862, Turner

James H. Tunks, Serg., C, transferred

to D, promoted 1st Lieut, I, Auburn

Wallace Smith, Serg., C, Turner

Levi W. Metcalf, Serg., C, promoted 1st

Serg., promoted Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,,
Josiah Libby, Corp., C, ,,

William W. Sampson, Corp., C, pro-
moted Serg. and Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,,
Edward Shurtleff, Corp., C,
Charles E. Cole, Corp., C, Livermore

S.G. Shurtleff, Corp., C, promoted Serg.,

promoted Lieut, D, ,,

Dexter Mitchell, Corp., C, promoted 2d

and 1st Lieut, Danville

Samuel E. Smith, Mus., C, Turner

George W. Bean, Mus., C, died in

Andersonville prison. East Livermore

Sylvester G. Delano, C, Turner

Charles A. Berry, C, East Livermore

Oscar W. Billings, C, Livermore

Henry O. Brown, C, ,,

Philip H. Briggs, C, died,

B'ranklin Bradford, C, died Oct. 17,1862, Turner
Henry Callahan, C, ,,

Charles Dorr, C, died, Livermore

H. K. Durfee, C,
Timothy K. DriscoU, C, transferred 1st

U. S. Art., Lewiston

Daniel J. Linscott, B, Auburn

Wallentien Kieler, B, Danville

Samuel Emerson, Corp., C,
George E. Fales, Mus., C, Turner

Grin M. Godwin, C, Livermore

Emulous Godding, C, ,,

Sylvester Graves, C, East Livermore

Samuel Holt, C, died Aug. 22, 1862, Turner

James Hartford, C, Livermore

Gad Hayford, C, Turner

Augustus Hayford, C, ,,

A. W. Jackson, C, promoted 1st Lieut,

S. C. Vols,
Elisha Keen, C, „

Waldo B. Keen, C,
Leander Kilbreth, Serg., C, promoted

Lieut, I, Livermore

George W. Mitchell, C, promoted Q. M.

Serg., promoted Adjt, ,,

Stanford Mitchell, C, Danville

Cyrus E. Metcalf, C, promoted Corp., Turner
Nathaniel Nason, C, Auburn

Edwin T. Quimby, C, promoted Corp.,

died May 11, 1862, Livermore

Abington Ridley, C, East Livermore

Daniel W. Ross, C,

J. Wesley Ricker, C (Auburn), ,, ,,

George Raynes, C, Ijcwiston

James Smith, C, ,,

William B. Smith, C, ,,

H. C. Shaw, C, Turner

Uzza Thomas, Serg., C, ,,

Enoch L. Tinkham, C, Auburn

Charles L. Wyer, C, died in service, Livermore
John A. Dill, A, died July 16, 1863, Lewiston
Peter Neilson, B, Lewiston

William Briggs, A, Danville

Delance Young, C, Livermore

Elmer R. Record, C, died in Salisbury

prison, Greene

Joseph M. Fowler, Danville

Thomas Mason, Lewiston

William D. Shurtleff, Turner

Jonathan Ridley, Corp., H, Livermore

Horace C. White, Asst Serg., resigned

May 29, 1863, Lisbon

118

History of Androscoggin County.

Joseph G. Knowles, A, East Livermore

Edmund Blake, A, Auburn

Francis C. Rankin, A, >,

William Bickler, C, Livermore
Timothy B. Niles, C, killed in action, ,,

Eben M. Jones, A, ,,

Isaac P. Davis, Serg., C, Poland

George W. Hnnnawell, C, ,,

Isaiah S. Hunnawell, C, ,,

Renselaer Jillson, C, ,,

Philemon Harlow, G, Auburn

Calvin C. Huzzey, C, ,,

William H. Pottle, C, Lewiston

Onsville Record, C, Minot

William Stevens, C, Greene

William H. Weymouth, C, Webster

Isaac Bearce, E, Lewiston

Samuel A. Wilson, E, died of wounds,

June 14, 1804, Durham

James E. Tarr, F, died of wounds re-
ceived May 16, 1864, Lewiston
James DriscoU, G, killed May 20, 1864,
William E. Toothaker, I,
John A. Skinner, G, ,,
Alex Walton, I, Auburn
Charles O. Freeman, K, Poland
John G. McKnight, H, Lewiston
Louis A. Waterman, H, Livermore
Jonathan Ridley, H, ,,
LeRoy Stevens, killed at Gettysburg, ,,

JVitttJi Infantry Regiment. — In less than two weeks from the arrival of the
first company at Augusta, the Ninth was on its way to Washington, numbering
over 1,000 men. It was mustered into United States service September 22,
1861, for three years, and started for the front on September 24. The field
officers were Rishworth Rich of Portland, colonel ; Colman Harding, of
Gorham, lieutenant-colonel; Sabine Emery, of Eastport, major. None of
the officers in the Ninth were from Androscoggin county. January 8, 1862,
Lieutenant-Colonel Harding resigned, and Captain Horatio Bisbee, of Company
I, was commissioned in his place. In the early part of 1863, Colonel Rich was
dismissed and Lieutenant-Colonel Bisbee commissioned colonel, but March
19 he resigned, and Colonel Rich was reinstated. He resigned May 27, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Emery was promoted to colonel. Major Zina H. Robinson
becoming lieutenant-colonel, and Captain George F. Granger of Company A,
major. Colonel Emery resigned May 25, 1864, and the other field officers were
advanced. Colonel Robinson resigned August 16, 1864, and September 13
was succeeded by Colonel Granger, and Captain Robert J. Gray, of Company
G, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was killed in battle September 29,
and October 10 Major Joseph Noble, originally captain of Company H,
succeeded him, and Captain George B. Dyer of Company B became major.

The Ninth first saw service at Port Royal, S. C, and made a brilliant
record in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The glory of capturing Morris
Island is entirely due to its bravery. August 25, 1863, General Gilmore sent
the flags captured on this occasion from the Twenty-first South Carolina
Confederate regiment by soldiers of the Ninth, to Governor Coburn, with a
complimentary letter. In the abortive attacks on Fort Wagner, 317 men
were reported killed, wounded, and missing. The original members, with the
exception of tlie re-enlisted men, who numbered nearly 430, every man eligible
to enlistment — eighty men — were mustered out September 27,1864. After
a furlough of thirty days in March, 1864, the Ninth was transferred to the
Army of the Potomac, where it did gallant duty until its muster-out, July 13,
1865. Colonel Granger was bre vetted brigadier-general, June 12, 1865.

Military Affairs.

119

ROSTER.

Henry M. Jordan, Serg., B, promoted

2d Lieut, 2d S. C. Vols,
Joseph H. Durgin, Corp., B,
Elliott C. Duran, wagoner, B,
James H. Cutler, Corp., B,
Benjamin F. Estes, Corp., B,
James F. Goss, B,
Chase M. Harris, B,
William Knights, B,
Phineas Leach, B,
Isaac B. Martin, B,
Samuel Smith, B,
Mark Goodwin, F,
William H. Walker, B,
Warren W. Young, B,
Gilbert T. Johnson, C,
Cyrus M. Lord, F,
Ezra Mitchell, Jr, F,
John Blake, 2d Lieut, F, promoted

Capt., C, died Nov. 9, 18G2,
William W. Harlow, F,
Jesse B. Whitney, F,
Robert W. Carr, K,
Horace A. Wright, K,
James B. Walker, K,
Hiram Beal, B,
Henry D. Bean, A,
Elias Burgess, A,
Dennis Corvine, A,
John Donahue, A,
Joshua S. Spiller, A,
Adriel Whales, A,
Thomas J. Segeberg, A,
John E. Worrey, A,
James F. Gerry, B,
Henry Loriot, B,
Francis H. Reed, B,
Charles H. Roberts, B,
Samuel A. Temple, C,
Christopher F. Cox, C,
Isaac A. Whittemore, C,

Poland
Poland

Minot

Durham

Minot

Poland

Auburn

Danville

Minot

Poland

East Livermore

Lisbon

Minot

Turner

Minot

Lewistou

Turner

Auburn

Auburn
Lewiston

Poland

liCwiston
Minot

Lewiston

Auburn

Minot

Otis S. West, C,

Granville N. Wise, C,

Melville W. Chase, E,

Bradbury Rollins, E,

George L. Allen, F,

Percival D. Herrick, F,

Nahum Roberts, F,

Joseph W. Hodge, F,

Luther E. Davis, F, died in service,

William H. Foss, died in service,

William A. Copelaud, G,

James N. Nason, G,

Charles H. Additon, G,

Oliver P. Dudley, G,

William H. Harris, G,

Henry Jordan, G,

John Forel, H,

George F. Blake, C, pro Com. Serg.,

Frederic B. Sweetser, H,

Stillman Harvard,

Charles W. Waterhouse, H,

Silas E. Libby, H,

Florentine Butler, I,

John Brooks, I,

Minot

Poland

Durham

Minot

Greene
Poland

Lewiston

Lewiston

Livermore

Poland

Lewiston

William R. Small, I, died in service,

David S. Small, I, died in service,

George Strout, I,

Winfield A. Winslow, I,

Horace Perkins, Chap.,

Horace A. Wright, E,

Nicholas N. Robertson, G,

Charles K. Sawyer, G,

John J. Sawyer, G,

John Richardson, H,

John C. Gifford, H,

Henry Huckius, H,

Alexander W. Lunt, H,

Lemuel T. Marshall, F,

Henry M. Stinson, promoted Lieut-Col,

H, Fifth Regiment,
Isaac Verrill, H,

Minot

Lewiston
Minot

Leeds

Poland

Minot

Tenth Infantry Regiment. — A portion of the First iMaine was the basis of
this organization, formed at Cape Elizabeth, and mustered into the United
States service October 4, 1861. The field officers were: George L. Beal, of
Norway, colonel; James S. Fillebrown, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel; Charles
Walker, of Portland, major. Adjutant Elijah M. Shaw was of Lewiston.
Several of the companies had large representations from this county, notably
Companies F, H, and K. Company F was officered by William Knowlton,
captain; Edward S. Butler and Abel C. Rankin, lieutenants, — all of Lew-
iston; Company H, by Charles S. Emerson, captain; James C. Folsom and
Phineas W. Dill, lieutenants, — all of Auburn. Captain George H. Nye, of
Company K, was of Lewiston. He became brevet brigadier-general.

120

History of Androscoggin County.

This regiment was in service in the Potomac and Shenandoali valleys,
and from its splendid condition, discipline, and drill it was, it is said, mistaken
for regular troops by Stonewall Jackson. It furnished many scouts. It
participated fearlessly and well later in many of the hard-fought battles of
the Army of the Potomac — Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock, and
Antietam bear testimony to its valor. Of the three hundred regiments
composing the Army of the Potomac, the Tenth was one of eleven which
received the commendation of General Hooker for showing a good inspection
report. The two-years' men were mustered out May 7 and 8, 1863, and the
Tenth Maine Battalion was formed from the three-year men, and November 1,
1863, it was transferred to the Twenty-ninth Regiment, joining it at Morganzia,
Louisiana, after doing much severe marching along the Potomac and
|)articipating in the campaigns in Pennsylvania and Tennessee.

ROSTER.

James S. Fillebrown, Lieut-Col

Auburn

Elijah M. Shaw, Adjt,

Lewiston

Horace N. Johnson, Mus.,

Auburn

Andrew G. Fitz, Mus.,

Durham

Charles E. Coleman, Mua.,

Lewiston

Joshua B. Newell, Mus.,

,,

Charles O. Warren, Mus.,

,,

Gilhert H. Bailey, Mus.,

M

Elisha Gott, Mus.,

))

Thomas B. Edgeconih, Mus.,

,,

Daniel Davis, Mus.,

Auburn

Ad on i ram B. Crafts, Mus.,

,,

Moses Crafts, Mus.,

,,

Cyrus Hall, Mus.,

,,

Justin E. Hill, Mus., died in service,

,,

Augustus L. Littlefield, Mus.,

died

in

service,

,,

Moses P. Merrill, B,

Turner

Lorenao Mayherry, C,

Minot

Thomas D. Sturtevant, C, died Aug.

25,

1862,

Lewiston

David H. Stevens, C,

Auburn

Joseph H. Sawyer, C,

,,

Joshua B. Goodwin, C,

J,

Calmon H. Allen, C,

,,

John G. Annis, C,

,,

J. Bailey Goodwin, C,

,,

James Baker, C,

Lewiston

Charles Lancaster, C.diod Aug

30,18()2, „

Gorham P. McFaden, C,

^^

Wallace E. Cummings, C,

Poland

Charles H. Thayer, C,

Turner

John L. Hoyt, E,

East Livermore

L. M. Garcelon, E,

Andrew J. Walton, E, kd May 25,

G2,

East Livermore

Ehen C. Whittemore, E, died.

,,

Durham

Lewiston

Auburn
Lewiston

John A. Putnam, C, East Livermore

William Knowlton, Capt., F, Lewiston

Edward S. Butler, Lieut, F,

Abel G. Rankin, Lieut, F,

Hardy N. Baker, Serg., F,

Charles W. Marston, Serg., F, killed

Aug. 9, 18G2,
Dan S. Fitzgerald, Serg., F,
George H. Gould, Serg., F, ,,

Charles H. Haskell, Lieut, F,
Alfred Roberts, Corp., F,
James Low, Corp., F,
Charles W. Heney, Corp., F,
Isaac P. Davis, Corp., F,
William H. Given, Mus., F,
Isaac K. Knowlton, F,
Nicholas I. Allen, F,
William Burke, F,
Gu.stavus A. Dwelly, F,
Thomas A. Eastman, F,
Nicholas L. Foster, F,
Enoch L. Hall, F,
Andrew Jackson, F,
Hugh McGlinchy, F,
Alva E. Nichols, F,
William A. Pyor, F,
John A. Kiucaid, F,
Josiah H. Smith, F,
Charles H. Kennison, F,
James E. Covell, F, kd Sept. 17, G2
Amaziah Grant, F,
Samuel R. Grant, F,
George A. Dockham, F,
Edwin Record, F,
Henry Stirk, F,
Euos H. Stevens, F,
John W. Townsend, F,

Durham

Poland
Turner

Auburn

Military Affairs.

121

Benjamin A. Welch, F, . Minot

J. Franklin Raynes, Serg., G, Auburn

Sewall B. Emery, G. Poland

Charles W. Witham, G, died July 24,

1852, Minot

Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H, Auburn

Elijah M. Shaw, Capt., H, Lewiston

James C. Folsom, 1st Lieut, H, killed

Aug. 9, 1862, Auburn

George W. True, 1st Lieut, H, died of

wounds, Sept. 20, 1862,
Granville Blake, 1st Lieut, H,
Phineas W. Dill, 2d Lieut, H,
Benjamin M. Bradbury, 2d Lieut, H,
Horace Wright, 2d Lieut, H,
Albert W. Freeman, 2d Lieut, H, died

of wounds Aug. 25, 1862, Minot

Alex B. Conant, Serg., H, Auburn

Ivory W. Emerson, Serg., H, ,,

Louville Smith, B, transferred to Co. I,

Twenty-ninth, Poland

Nathaniel Cash, B, transferred to Co. I,

Twenty-ninth, ,,

Charles R. Anderson, Serg., H,
David A. Jumper, Serg., H,
Stephen R. Estes, Corp., H,
Samuel Webber, Corp., H,
George W. Harradon, Corp., H,
Benjamin L. Given, Corp., H,
Augustus White, Corp., H,
Cyrus D. Wood, Corp., H,
Samuel L. Stevens, Corp., H,
W infield S. Wright, Corp., H,
Isaac J. Perry, Mus., H,
Cyrus B. Townsend, Mus., H, ,,

Francis M. Allen, H, ' ,,

Lewis Bates, H, ,,

Hugh M. Bradbury, H, kd Sept. 17, 62,
Charles H. Davis, H, ,,

William Dearth, H, „

Isaac R. Dillingham, H, ,,

Robert B. Harris, H, ,,

Oliver Herrick, H, ,,

Alonzo F. Morrill, H, ,,

Adolphus S. Read, H, ,,

Henry J. Ricker, H, died Aug. 17, 1862, ,,
David L. Stetson, H, ,,

Virgil True, H, ,,

Daniel L. Verrill, H, Auburn

Isaiah H. Vickery, H, ,,

Lewis Warren, H, ,,

John Warren, H, ,,

William H. Wentworth, H,
Lyman H. Wright, H,

Charles F. Marden, H, Danville

Greenfield F. Libbev, H, kd Aug. 9, 62,
Greenlief Sawyer, H, ,,

Aug M. Vickery, H, ,,

Lewiston

Auburn

Greene
Auburn

James H. Marston, H, Minot
George J. Fuller, H, killed Sept. 17, 1862, „

Nelson C. Perry. H, „

Gilman Rice, H, „

Edward K. Verrill, H, „
Edward P. Verrill,, H, killed Aug. 9, 1862, ,,

Charles A. Metcalf, H, Lisbon

Isaiah Kimball, H, ,,

Asaph H. Witham, H, ,,

Gladden Bonney, H, Turner

Charles O. Fargo, H, „

Charles M. Keen, H, „

Ezra F. Stevens, H, „

Joseph Brooks, H, Lewiston

Silas Estes, H, „

Mark Grover, H, ,,
Azro C. Hibbard, H,
Dudley F. Sanborn, H,
Charles H. Wentworth, H, killed Sept.

17, 1862,

John Knowles, H, Greene
Gideon P. Lowell, H,

Charles Richardson, H, ,,

George H. Parker, H, Durham

Henry A. Batchelder, I, Lewiston

George H. Nye, Capt., K, ,,

Albert E. Kingsley, Lieut, K, ,,
Francis H. Pratt, 1st Serg., K, killed

June 30, 1862,

Almon L. Goss, 1st Serg., K, Danville

James Layden, Serg., K, Lewiston

Charles H. Jumper, Serg., K, ,,

Jonathan Nash, Serg., K, Auburn

James E. Osgood, Corp., K, Lewiston

Thomas A. Thorn, Corp., K, ,,

Henry H. Ash ton, Corp., K, „
John A. Willard, Corp., K,

John R. Morrill, Corp., K, ,,

Martin Fox, Corp., K, Auburn

Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K, Lewiston

Chester H. Thing, Mus., K, ,,

Melvin Woodcock, K, „

Frank C. Adams, K, died in service, ,,

Houghton Bond, K, ,,

Erasmus D. Clark, K, ,,

Emery E. Larrabee, K, „

John Lee, K, died Oct. 9, 1862, „

John H. Merrill, K, „

George B. Morrill, K, „

Henry J. Penney, K, ,,

Benjamin F. Pray, K, ,,

James G. Preble, K, ,,

James Guiney, K, „

William M. Hall, K, „

Ambrose E. Hammond, K, „

Thomas B. Hodges, K, „

Leonard Jepson, K, „

Levi B. Johnson, K, „

122

History of Androscoggin County.

Marquis F. Joy, K,
Henry II. Smith, K,
James Smith, K,
Joseph B. Smith, K,
Alonzo Stevens, K,
David D. Tarr, K,
Thomas Taylor, K,
Leroy II. Tobie, K,
Elias S. Webber, K,
George D. Whittum, K,
Ethan Allen, K,
Horace J. Coburu, K,
John F. Quimby, K,
Aaron A. Simonds, K,
Hewitt C. Bailey, K,
Stephen C. Blackstone, K,

Lewiston

Turner

Minot
Auburn

Charles S. Raymond, K, died Mar. 15, 62, Auburn

James E. Magner, K, ,,

David J. Nash, K, • „

Benjamin Hutchinson, K, ,,

George P. Wyraan, K,

Stillman Bond. K,

Henry T. Frost, K,

Elmer Chipman, K,

Nathan Herrick, K,

Alonzo G. Frost, K, died in service,

Asa Reed, K, killed Sept. 17, 1862,

Augustus Royal, K,

James H. Thurston, K,

Samuel N. Royal, K,

Albert P. Hodsdon, K,

Greene

Poland

Lisbon
Danville

Wales

ROSTER TENTH MAINE BATTALION.

James Guiney, A,
E. E. Larrabee, A,
James G. Preble, A,
Leonard Jepson, A,
Samuel N. Royal, A,

Lewiston

James H. Thurston, A, Danville

Isaiah H. Vickery, Corp., B, Auburn

William H. Gordon, B, died July 27,

1863, Livermore

Dudley F. Sanborn, B, Lewiston

Eleventh Infantry Eef/imcut. — This regiment was organized October 11,
1861, at Augusta, where it was mustered into United States service November
12. John C. Caldwell, of East Machias, was colonel; Harris M. Plaisted, of
Bangor, lieutenant-colonel; William M. Shaw, of Portland, major. Colonel
Caldwell was made brigadier-general April 28, 1862, and left the regiment,
Lieutenant-Colonel Plaisted becoming colonel, and Major Shaw lieutenant-
colonel. The last named ofificer resigned September 16,1862. Lieutenant-Colonel
Robert F. Cam})bell resigned May 23, 1863, and Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow
P. Spofford died of wounds June 17, 1864. Colonel Plaisted was brevetted
brigadier-general February 21, 1865, and was discharged March 25, 1865.
April 16, 1865, Colonel Jonathan A. Plill* took command of the Eleventh, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles P. Baldwin and ^lajor Henry C. Adams were
commissioned to their offices May 1 of the same year.

This was a fighting regiment, took efficient part in some of the bloodiest
contests in which the Army of the Potomac was engaged, and its men displayed
the intrepidity and firmness of veterans. Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Chicka-
hominy. Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Harrison's Landing, all testified to
their'gallant bravery, while they aided in many another momentous encounter.
General Nagle gave them this merited meed of praise: " Yours is the honor
of having been the first to pass and the last to leave the Chickahominy. And
while you led the advance from this memorable place near Richmond, you were
the last in the retreating column, when, after seven days of constant fighting.

'Later brevetted brigadier-general.

Military Affairs.

123

it reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing." Later at
Morris Island, S. C, and in the Army of the James it won added honors and
suffered great losses. In the heavy and sanguinary engagements around
Bermuda Hundred, at Deep Bottom and Deep Run, in front of Petersburg, at
Second Fair Oaks, it performed deeds of valor and vras a credit to the state.
November 2, 1864, 12 commissioned officers and 130 enlisted men returned to
Maine on expiration of time of service, 100 more had re-enlisted, and this was
all that was left of the original number. After General Caldwell was assigned
to General Howard's brigade he led it in all the battles of the Peninsula cam-
paign, after Fair Oaks, never losing a gun, color, or inch of ground. In the
retreat to Harrison's Landing his command was in six battles in three days,
marching all night after fighting all day. At Antietam it drove a much
superior force of Confederates and captured seven stands of colors and 300
prisoners, a larger number of both than was taken by any other brigade in the
army. The regimental organization was mustered out at City Point, Va,
February 2, 1866.

ROSTER.

James A. Scoulhir, Corp., F, supposed

killed May 31, 18(>2,

Lewiston

James Donnovan, F,

,,

Harmon I. Dill, F,

Auburn

William H. Doughty, F,

Lewiston

James Lang, F, died in service,

,,

Kenneth McCanley, F,

,,

John Maloney, F, transferred to A,

,,

Harrison N. Plaise, F,

,,

James Rutherford, F,

jj

William A. Smith, F,

J,

Samuel C. Webber, F,died Oct.

19, 1862, „

John Barrett, F,

,,

B. Franklin Morrill, F,.

East Livermore

M. P. Chase, F, killed,

,,

John Smith, F,

,,

Hiram C. Cui-tis, F, died

July 1

1862,

Minot

Seth C. Welch, F,

,,

Albion A. Drake, F,

,,

Edwin W. Davis, F,

Lisbon

David T. Graffam, F,

Theron Kelly, F,

II

Sullivan H. Penley, H,

Danville

Luther H. Morgan, H,

,,

George H. Lord, H, died

May 16

, 1862,

Auburn

George P. Moody, H,

,,

Nathaniel Moody, H,

,,

Joseph Doms, K,

,,

Joseph C. Bray, F,

Poland

Nathan P. Downing, Serg., F,

Sidney F. Downing, F,

Charles F. Davis, F,

Oscar D. Wilbur, Corp., C,

Frank Bubier, D, died of wounds Sept.

Minot

Lewiston

Auburn
Lewiston

Leeds

13, 18G4,
John Hall, D, killed Aug. 14, 1864
Leonard C. Judkins, D,
George A. Beals, E,
Ellison Libby, F,
Charles H. Winter, F,
George H. Balkam, Corp., F, died in

service,
Enoch T. Fish, F,
George A. Goody, F, killed May 15, 1864, Lisbon
Otis B. George, F, East Livermore

Augustus S. George, F, ,, ,,

Charles B. Keith, F, Auburn

J. G. S. Littlefield, F, died in service, ,,

Sewell L. Chamberlain, G, wounded and

missing, June 3, 1864, ,,

Ellis A. Briggs, H, died Sept. 25, 64,
Azel W. Drake, H.
Euseb Degreeney, I,
John B. Laroche, A,
Abel Mahomet, A,
James Morrissey, C,
Francis Fylan, H,

Lewiston

Minot

Poland

Auburn

Poland

Danville

Twelfth. Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was mustered into United
States service at Portland, November 16, 1861, for three years. It was
designed for service in General B. F. Butler's expedition for the capture of New
Orleans, and occupancy of the Mississippi Gulf region. Tlie entire regiment

124

History of Androscoggin County.

was enlisted in three weeks' time. Its colonel was George F. Shepley, one of
the ablest and most eloquent lawyers in Maine. Its lieutenant-colonel was
William K. Kimball, of Paris. David R. Hastings, of Lovell, was major. Edwin
Illsley, of Lewiston, was adjutant.

The Twelfth commenced its course of gallantry at Manchac Pass, where
six companies destroyed railroad communication between New Orleans and
Jackson, and captured a large amount of stores and ordnance. Colonel
Shepley was appointed military commandant of New Orleans after its capture,
serving in that office until promoted to brigadier-general and appointed mili-
tary governor of Louisiana. In 1864 he was transferred to Norfolk, Va, to
act in the same capacity there. July 17, 1862, Major Hastings tendered his
resignation. The lieutenant-colonel was soon commissioned colonel, and held
the command until mustered out December 7, 1864, at expiration of service.
He was re-commissioned colonel, April 10, 1865, as was Major Gideon A. Hast-
ings, who had also been mustered out.

After faithful service and participation in the battles of Irish Bend, Port
Hudson, and Donaldsonville, the regiment troops were sent to the Army of the
Potomac, attached to tlie Army of the James, and lost one-fourth its number
in tlie blood}^ battle of Winchester. Later at Cedar Creek it lost nearly as
heavily. The regiment has a good record. It was prompt and trusty, never
wanting in courage, invariably chosen for arduous and perilous service, and
complimented by every general under whom it served. The original members
who did not re-enlist were mustered out December 7, 1864, and the veterans
and recruits consolidated into a battalion of four companies and retained in
service. Six new unassigned companies organized at Portland in February and
March, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, were assigned to the Twelfth,
which was stationed at Savannah. These companies were mustered out in
February and March, 1866, and the whole organization April 18, 1866.

ROSTER.

Edwin Illsley, Adjt, pro Lieut-Col, Lewiston

Almon L. Gilpatrick, Corp., A, trans-
ferred Bat. 12 Me, Lisbon

Franklin Martin, Corp., A, Danville

Silas E. Field, B, trans Bat. 12 Me,

Frederic D. Daggett, C, transferred Bat.

l-'5 Me, Auburn

William D. Edwards, C, transferred Bat.

12 Me, Lewiston

Henry W. Carvill, D,

Charles Kimball, F, Lisbon

Stephen B. Packard, Lieut, G, pro-
moted Capt., B, Auburn

William A. Bcarce, 1st Serg., G, pro-
moted 1st Lieut,

Samuel L. Brown, G, Minot

Darius Holt, G,

James R. Holt, G, Minot

John R. Anderson, K, died Feb. 8, 62, Durham
Eleazer W. Jordan, K, ,,

Blaney C. Allen, K, ,,

W. H. H. Roberts. K,
George B. Hasey, K, transferred to First

Maine Bat., Lisbon

Royal A. Bray, G, trans to K, pro Lieut, Turner
Artemas Bubier, A, Webster

Thomas Daroll, B, died Sept. 21, 1864, Lewiston
Charles Patnawd, B, died July 11, 1864, „
Calvin L. Edwards, C, trans 12 Me,
Octavius Forge, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,,

Thomas Odee, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,,

Peter Dagle, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,,

Louis Dubar, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, „

Robert Swett, K, ,,

Military Affairs.

125

ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW TWELFTH REGIMENT.

Almon L. Gilpatrick, A, Lisbon

Artemas Bubier, A, Webster

William D. Edwards, C, Lewiston

Calvin L. Edwards, C,

Octavius Forge, C,

Thomas Odee, C,

Peter Dagle, D,

Louis Dubar, D,

Silas E. Fields, Corp., D, Danville

Liicien P. Gould, D,

Robert Swett, D, Lewiston

Alexis Adams, D, Auburn

Henry O. Childs, D, ' Livermore

William Karvin, A, Minot

Frank McKenley, B, Turner

John C. Mower, C, Greene

Sylvester F. Jordan, Lieut, E, Lisbon

Elbridge W. Oakes, 1st Serg., E, Auburn

Benjamin D. Bryent, F, Webster

Kendall Pollard, Lieut, G, Lewiston

Joseph Brierly, Corp., G, ,,

Raphael Gay, Corp., G, ,,

George H. Stinchfield, G, ,,

Jefferson S. Bailey, G, ,,

Robert J. Bailey, G, ,,

Charles F. Churchill, G,

Charles D. Cates, G, ,,

William P. Douglass, G, ,,

William E. Elder, G, „

Eben W. Elder, G,

Henry Fellows, G, „

Russell S. Foss, G,

Eben Goodridge, Jr, G, East Livermore

Elisha B. Lovejoy, G, East Livermore

William Beal, G, Greene

El wood S. Dailey, G,

George W. Kalner, G, Poland

Ripley T. McCully, G, Auburn

Charles H. Piper, G, Turner

William F. Jordan, G, Lewiston

Elliot King, G,

Abram A. Larrabee, G, died in service, ,,

John Loring, G, ,,

Joseph Nelson, G, „

Charles E. Roberts, G, „

Frank J. Thompson, G, ,,

George Vosmus, G, Lewiston

John H. Wing, G, died in service, ,,

William H. Larrabee, 2d Lieut, H, ,,

William H. Sawyer, Corp., H, ,,

John R. Allen, H, „

William Gilpatrick. H, ,,

Louville G. Lord, H, ,,

John B. Sanders, H, ,,

Albert B. Trollop, H,

Lorenzo Buck, H,

A. K. P. Dixon, H,

John McFarland, H,

Jacob A. Field, 1st Lieut, K,

Robert A. Field, Serg., K,

Herbert N. Adams, K,

Charles W. Campbell, K,

John Q. Mason, K,

George A. Pray, K, ,, ,,

James S. Small, K, Minot

Frank White, K, Leeds

Auburn
Wales

Lewiston

Auburn
East Livermore

Thirteenth Infantr// .Re;/tment. — According to tlie official United States
Army Register this regiment was mustered into United States service at
Augusta, December 13, 1861. It was commanded by the eminent Neal Dow
as colonel; Henry Rust, Jr, of Norway, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S. Hesseltine,
of Waterville, major. Wayne W. Blossom, of Turner, was quartermaster-
sergeant, John S. C. Ham, of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company C, and
Waldo A. Blossom, of Turner, first lieutenant of Company F.^ February 18,
1861, the regiment left for Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, where it did
guard duty until July 5, and although suffering in the meantime terribly from
disease, damaged stores and provisions. General Weitzel said he had never seen
better soldiers. April 28, 1862, Colonel Dow was promoted to brigadier-
general, Lieutenant-Colonel Rust to colonel. Major Hesseltine to the lieu-
tenant-colonelcy, and Captain Abernethy Grover to major. The Thirteenth
remained in the department of the Gulf, winning honorable mention in many
places, notably the captures of Point Isabel, Mustang Island, Aranzas Pass,

1 Resigned April 12, 1862.

126

History of Androscoggin County.

and Fort Esperanza, at Matagorda Peninsula, Pleasant Hill, etc. For some
time Colonel Rust was president of the enrolling board, and provost marshal of
the second congressional district of Louisiana. July 1, 1864, the regiment was
ordered to the Army of the Potomac, and its service was passed in garrison
and picket duty at Martinsburg, Va, the base of supplies for General
Sheridan's army. 155 enlisted men were mustered out at Augusta, January 6,
1865, and 282 re-enlisted men and 82 recruits were soon organized into a
battalion and transferred to the Thirtieth Maine. Colonel Dow, after becoming
general, held important commands, was taken prisoner in Louisiana, and
suffered severely in confinement at Richmond and elsewhere during his long
captivity. He acquitted himself in all his duties with eminent ability.

ROSTER.

David S. Stinson, Q. M., died July 8, 62, Auburn
Wayne W. Blossom, Q. M. Serg., Turner

Alfred E. Buck, Capt., C, promoted

Lieut-Col colored troops, Lewiston

John S. P. Ham, Lieut, C,
Daniel F. Smith, Serg., C, promoted

Capt. colored troops, Turner

Henry H. Dudley, Serg., C, promoted

2d Lieut colored troops, Lewiston

Albert N. Ames, Serg., C, pro 1st Serg., ,,
Charles E. Hanson, Mus., C, died May

19, 1864,
Wesley Carvill, C, „

Robert England, C, ,,

Albert Foss, C, „

William H. Graffam, Corp., C, ,,

Maurice S. Hussey, C, „

Daniel M. Johnson, C, ,,

Charles A. Litchfield, C, died July 6, 64, ,,
Anthony Morgan, C, ,,

Tobias Meader, C, ,,

George T. Storer, C,
Augustus O. Fish, C, trans from G,
John C. Steele, C,
Almon L. Crooker, C, died Au}2
Samuel Cotton, C,
Gideon Hammond, C,
Josiah Jones, C,
William B. Webber, C,
Jeremiah Osgood, E,
Waldo A. Blcssom, Lieut, F,
Andrew C. Pettingill, Serg., F,
Lucius Harlow, Corp., F,
Benjamin A. Elwell, Corp., F, promoted

Serg., died Apr. 20, 1863,
Auburn Merrill, Corp., F, prQ Serg.,
Joseph O. Nichols, Corp., F., ])ro Serg.,
William Anderson, F,
William F. Bird, F, died Aug. 20, 1862,
Win.slow Conant, F, died in service,

Durham

Lewiston

Auburn

20, 1862, Miuot

Lisbon

Durham

Turner

Auburn

Henry S. Drake, F, Auburn

Asbury W. Foss, F, promoted Com.

Serg., U. S. C. T.,
Enoch Grant, F, died July 3, 1863, ,,

George W. Pierce, F, ,,

Jonathan E. Piper, F, ,,

John O. Smith, F,

Charles L. Connor, Mus., F, Lewiston

Joseph Andrews, Serg., F, ,,

Charles Arris, F, ,,

James Gilpatrick, F, ,,

Charles H. Hilton, F, ,,

John McNulty. F, „

John O'Brion, F, ,,

John Plunket, F,
William P. Arris, F,
Lewis Beals, Corp., F,
Daniel J. Linscott, Corp., F,
Rufus P. Hackett, F,
Cyrus A. Stinchfield, F,
Henry Records, F,
C. Winthrop Jordan, F,
John S. Brown, F,
Harrison D. Lowell, F,
James R. Lowell, Corp., C, died Sept.

12, 1863,
Leonard H. Beal, F,
Charles H. Dyer, F,
Albert G. Dunham, F,
George F. Jordan, F, died in service,
Bennett B. Fuller, F,
James F. Ayer, F, ,,

Charles Hodsdon, F, Wales

Isaac G. Rackley, G, died Dec. 25, 1863, Greene
Isaac Johnson, K, died Oct. 12, 1864, Turner
William F. Sawyer, K, Minot

Amos Maines, C, Webster

James N. Dunn, A, transferred from I, Lewiston
Joseph Blackstone, F, Auburn

W. F. Haradon, F, died in service, ,,

Danville

Auburn
Danville

Greene

Poland

East Livermore

Lisbon

Minot

Military Affairs.

127

Charles E. Haradon, F, , Auburn

James M. Ramsdell, F, ,,

Freeman L. Jackson, F, . ,,

Joshua Harmon, F, Wehster

Adelbert I. Clark, G, Greene
George R. Sleeper, I, transferred to H, Lewiston

George H. Clark, Mus., I, ,,

Luther Litchfield, C, ,,

John P. Murphy, C, ,,

Charles L. Newton, C,
Osgood Ramsdell, C,
Jesse F. Sweat, C,
Daniel Severance, C,
Isaac D. Tarr, C,
Mark Ham, H,
Edwin Moulton, Corp.,

C,

Benjamin Harrington, G,

Lewiston

Greene
Lisbon

Fourteenth Infantry Reii'tinent. — The Fourteenth was organized at Augusta,
in December, 1861, to serve three years. Frank S. Nickerson, of Searsport,
was colonel; Elias Milliken, of Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W.
Porter, of Bangor, major. In February, 18()2, the regiment started for the
Department of the Gulf, where it won laurels at Baton Rouge, St Charles
Court House, Civiquis Ferry, Port Hudson, and in other service. From the
investment of Port Hudson until its surrender there was not a night in which
the regiment was not represented in active duty in the trenches, as skirmishers,
pickets, or sharpshooters. Colonel Nickerson was appointed brigadier-general
November 29, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Porter, who was advanced from
major on the resignation of Lieutenant-Colonel Milliken, June 2, 1862, became
colonel, and Major Charles S. Bickmore succeeded to his office, Captain Albion K.
Bolan, of Company F, rising to the majority. January 1, 1864, all of the available
men but forty re-enlisted, and February 10 the Fourteenth sailed for New
York and was furloughed. Rendezvousing again at New Orleans, March 26, it
was soon sent to Bermuda Hundred, Va, wliere it joined the Army of the
James, and later was sent to the Shenandoah Valley. Here, in General Sheri-
dan's campaign, it lost one-third its numbers in killed, wounded, and prisoners,
many men falling at Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Opequan, and Cedar Creek,
among them Lieutenant-Colonel Bickmore. December 23 those whose term of
service had expired were ordered to Maine, and the re-enlisted men and
recruits, numbering over 300 men, were consolidated into four companies.
The old organization of the Fourteenth was mustered out Januarj' 13, 1865.
Six unassigned com[)anies from Maine were united with the veterans in April,
1865, and the whole retained the name of Fourteenth until mustered out
August 28, 1865. The last field officers were Albion K. Bolan, colonel ; John
K. Laing, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph M. Wiswell, major.

Abbott says in his "History of Maine": "There seems to have been but
little rest for this regiment by day or night. Marchings and battles were
incessant. From May to August they were without tents. However severe
the storm they had no shelter. Their only camp equipage was their camp-
kettles carried in their hands. It seems strange that men could endure
such hardships and live." General Weitzel wrote in high commendation of
its valor.

128

History of Androscoggin County.

William S. Brown, B, Livermore

Charles H. Sawyer, F, Lewiston

William M. Perkins, Serg., G, Poland

Joseph T. Jordan, '2d, Corp., G, ,,

Jonathan Crooker, G, died Sept. 26, (52, ,,
Chipman Cobb, G, ,.

Marshall C. Cobb, G, died Nov., 1862,
George W. Herrick, G, ,,

Bloomfield Herrick, G, ,,

Freeland M. Herrick, G, promoted Serg.,

died Sept. 8. 1862,
Lewis J. Morton, G, promoted Serg.,

promoted Lieut, B, ,,

Newton E. Stowe, Corp., G, trans to B, ,,
Charles E. Stront, G, ,,

Augustine Wallace, G, died Jan. 20, 62, ,,
Charles H. Moody, G, Minot

Adna T. Cushman, G, transferred to

14th Maine Bat., Auburn

Ebenezer A. Libbey, Corp., H, died

May 25, 1862, Leeds

Daniel Brown, H, Livermore

Eliphalet C. Morse, Corp., H, died of

wounds Nov. 5, 1864, ,,

John Timberlake, H, ,,

Edward F. Chase, H, East Livermore

Clarence G. Haskell, H, killed, ,, ,,

Charles Walker, H, Turner

John F. Pinkham, K, Lewiston

Alfred B. Ridlon, Corp., K,
George W. Knight, Serg., F, promoted

2d Lieut in U. S. C. T., Lewiston

Henry O. Trafton, F, „

Charles B. Davis, G, Minot

Joseph Davis. G, died March, 18()3, „

Barton H. Ross, K, Lewiston

Frank Smith, F, ,,

Wilmot P. S^ordan, H,

ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW FOURTEENTH REGIMENT.

Frank Smith, A, Lewiston
Lewis J. Morton. Serg., B, pro 2d Lieut, Poland
Jo.seph H. Rounds, Capt., A, tr from H, Danville

Newton E. Stowe, B, Poland

Alfred B. Ridlon, C, Lewiston

Joseph Bertram, C, Auburn

John Harris, C, ,,

John McHugh, C, ,,

Charles Napier, C, ,,

John Osborn, C, ,,

Jeremiah Murphy, D, ,,

Wilmot P. Jordan, A, Lewiston

Edwin E. Emery, D, ,,
Andrew Jackson, D, East Livermore

Patrick Smith, D, Lewiston

George E. Bordwell, Corp., F, Greene
Daniel P. Eaton, F,

James D. Towle, F, Leeds

Joseph H. Freeman, Capt., H, Minot

John C. Murdough, Serg., H, - ,,

Samuel O. Partridge, Corp., H, ,,

Charles Arris, H, ,,

Joseph H. Bowker, H, ,,

John Starbird, H, „
Charles A. True, H,

Jordan G. Carvill, 1st Lieut, H, Leeds

Azel A. Burnhauj, H, ,,

Alfred C. Webber, Serg., H, Lisbon

John A. Douglass, H, killed, ,,

George W. Jordan, H, ,,
Charles W. Shea, H,

Charles Richardson, Serg., H, Lewiston

Henry Bonney, Corp., H, ,,
John Butler, H,

Calvin Carvill, H, Lewiston

David S. Davis, H, „

Albion G. Hayford, H,

Henry Hutchings, H, ,,

Floran Jordan, H, ,,

Flavel R. Jordan, H, ,,

Ephraim S. Litchfield, H,

Charles W. Leslie, H, ,,

Fifield A. Luce, H,

Francis Niles, H, ,,

John Ranks, Jr, H, ,,

Rufus Wright, H,

Joseph Rounds, Lieut, H, pro Capt., A, Poland

George W. Berry, H, died July 18, 1865,

Isaac Cole, H, died June 10, 1864, „

Hanson S. Cousens, H, ,,

Norris Greenwood, H, ,,

John B. Hunnewell, H, „

Albert W. Harris, H,

Edwin D. Jewell, H, „

Silas E. Libby, H, „

Alex W. Lunt, H,

William H. Merrill, H,

Francis E. Mayberry, H, ,,

Charles H. Par.sons, H, pro Hsp. Steward, ,,

Thomas Verrill, H,

Jona. L. Tobie, H, ,,

Daniel McKay, H, ,,

John C. Pendexter, H, ,,

William Corbett, I, Turner

Thomas Roustin, I, ,,

George A. Roberts, I, Lewiston

Peter McGuire, I, ,,

James W. Libby, Capt., K, Leeds

Military Affairs.

129

James Carver, K,
Stephen W. Grant, K,
George E. Gilbert, K,
Lloyd A. Gilbert, K,

Leeds

David Morse, K,
Herbert Hunton, Serg., K,
John P. R. Sleeper, K,
Charles C. Durgin, Serg., K,

Leeds

Poland

Fifteenth Infaiitry Regiment. — The material of tliis very effective regiment
was taken largely from Aroostook, Washington, and Penobscot counties. It
was organized at Augusta in December, 1861, and mustered into United States
service January 23, 18()2, for three years, with John McCluskey of Houlton,
colonel; Isaac Dyer of Skowhegan, lieutenant-colonel; and Benjamin Hawes of
Ashland, major.

March (3 the Fifteenth left Portland to join the Department of the Gulf at
Ship Island, and was there, at New Orleans and Carrollton until September 8.
August 25 Colonel McClusky resigned, and Major Hawes also resigned Sep-
tember 9. The field officers were now Colonel Isaac Dyer, Lieutenant-Colonel
Benjamin B. Murray (originally captain of Company A), Major* Franklin M.
Drew (originally captain of Company G). From Carrollton the regiment went
to Pensacola, where, until June, 18(>3, it was encamped, Colonel Dyer being in
command of the troops in West Florida, Forts Pickens and Barrancas being
included. In its first year of service out of 962 enlisted men it lost 329 by deser-
tion, discharge, and death, and had never been in battle. June 21 it was ordered
to New Orleans, joined the Texas expedition of General Banks in October, and
its flag was the first unfurled on Texas soil. General Ransom selected the
Fifteenth and Thirteenth Maine to lead the advance of his expedition against
the rebels at Mustang Island and Forts Semines and Esperanza. Here the
Fifteenth rendered gallant service and was complimented by the general com-
manding. It was a part of the army of occupation of Texas until February
28, marching the whole length of the sea-coast of the state, and suffering
severely from exposure. It was then made a part of General Banks's Red
River expedition in which it marched over 700 miles in two months, taking
conspicuous part in the heavy battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill,
and participating in actions at Cane River Crossing and Mansura Plains.

In June it was ordered to New Orleans, in July went to Fortress Monroe,
where six companies were sent to Bermuda Hundred, while Lieutenant-Colonel
Murray and Major Drew, in command of the other four companies, participated
in the campaign against Early's raiders. The regiment (reunited at Monocacy
Junction, August 4,) was furloughed August 10 for thirty-five days. The
Fifteenth served in the Shenandoah Valley until after Lee's surrender, when
it was stationed in different parts of South Carolina. Here its officers were
largely employed as provost-marshals, provost-judges, members of courts-mar-
tial and military commissions, and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. This
regiment was in service longer than other Maine regiments, not being mustered
out until July 5, 1866. Majors Drew and Whittemore were discharged in

130

History of Androscoggin County.

1865. The field officers at close of service were Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin
B. Murray and Major John R. Coates.

ROSTER.

Charles Dennett, Serg., B, Lewiston

Alonzo Rogers, Mus., B, Lisbon

N. A. Beal, B, ,,

Leeman H. Bard, B, ,,

B. Franklin Hisgins, Corp., B, Webster

Andrew Bubier, B, promoted Serg., ,,

Mariner T. Green, B, drowned Mar. (i,

1803, Lisbon

John L. Higgins, B, "Webster

James S. Metcalf, B, died Jan. 26, 1864, „
William H. Metcalf, B,

Josiah Bragdon, D, died Jan. 27, 1862, Poland
William Berry, D, died July 13, 1863,
James W. Duran, D, died Dec. 27, 1861, ,,
Humphrey S. Edwards, D, died Apr. 1,

1862,
Luke Jillson, D, died Jan. 14, 1803,
Daniel Orr, D, ,,

Joshua Edwards, D, died Aug. 17, 1802, ,,
George Storer, H, died Aug. 3, 1862, Auburn
Joseph Brimijoin, Lisbon

Otis H. Douglass, B, died June 6, 1862, „
Edwin C. Douglass, B, ,,

Michael Tobin, I,
Nelson W. Edwards. D,
Richard Edwards, D,
Alexander Brown, D,
Henry F. Brickett, A,
Edward Pearsons, D,
Benjamin F. Brown, Lieut, G, ,,

George Anderson, A, Turner

Lewiston
Poland

Lewiston
Livermore

Albert C. Currier, A,
James Smith, K,
Jesse B. Austin, D,
Thomas Cunningham, C,
Patrick Deehan, C,
Chase M. Harris, C,
Henry Lane, C,
Martin McNilf, C,
George P. McCarty, C,
Daniel Patterson, C,
James Sullivan, C,
Hira A. Archibald, D, died
William Bunnell, D,
Edward H. Gilson, D, died
Alonzo Impy, D,
Lendall Knight, D,
Frank Silvia, E,
Michael Barnes, F,
John Sullivan, F,
William Fitzgerald, F,
John Iveson, Corp., G,
George L. Fogg, K,
William H. Babb, G, died,
John Colbert, G,
Thomas Fisher, G,
Harper C. McKeen, G,
Oliver Forney, G,
Patrick Kelly, G,
Charles E. Shirley, G,
Lewis Morrin, H,
John Williams, H,

Lewiston

Wales
Lewiston

Poland

Greene

Lisbon

Minot

Turner

Auburn

in service, Poland

Lewiston

in service.

Minot

Leeds

Lewiston

Auburn

Lewiston

Minot

Lisbon

East Livermore
Poland

Turner

Minot

Turner

Poland

Minot

Sixteenth Infantry Rcjihiietit. — In May, 18(i2, recruiting was commenced for
this organization, whicli was mustered into United States service at Augusta,
August 14, 1862. The men came from all parts of the state. The field officers
were Asa W. Wildes, colonel; Charles W. Tilden, lieutenant-colonel; Augustus
B. Farnham, major. Marshall S. Smith, of East Livermore, was second lieu-
tenant of Company C; Archibald D. Leavitt, of Turner, captain of Company E.
Company 1 was in command of William H. Waldron, of Lewiston, captain;
William Bray, of Turner, first lieutenant ; Charles C. Garcelon, of Lewiston,
second lieutenant.

August 19 the Sixteenth left Augusta for Washington, went into camp at
Arlington Heights on arriving there, and received drill in heavy artillery
tactics as well as light infantry, but the exigencies of the war soon caused it to
be ordered into the field in light marching order to resist the invasion of
Pennsylvania. The knapsacks and overcoats were left behind and later sent
to Washington. For nearly three months the regiment marched, counter-

Military Affairs.

131

marched, and did duty without a tent to protect the men from cold or storm,
and the only covering they had was the boughs of trees and an occasional
bunch of corn-stalks, while for eleven weeks they had no change of undercloth-
ing. The death-roll and casualities reduced the number to less than 700, while
of these 250 were on the sick list. This was the more unbearable as all sur-
rounding regiments were supplied with everything needed for comfort. At
last the men were properly equipped and called to demonstrate their valor on
the battlefield. How well that was done, official records testify. The roll of
honor numbers among others the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fred-
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, Mine Run, Wilder-
ness, Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill, North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Bethesda Church,
Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, and South Side
Railroad. In some of these its loss was nearly fifty per cent, of its numbers,
while at Gettysburg in three days, out of 248 who were counted for duty, all
were lost except seventeen. Colonel Wildes resigned January 7, 1863. He
was succeeded by Colonel Tilden who was taken prisoner, and escaped from a
nine-months' captivity through the famous tunnel of Libby Prison. Major
Farnham became lieutenant-colonel Februarj'- 14, 18(33, and was brevetted
colonel April 1, 1865. Major Leavitt died May 31, 1864, from wounds received
at Laurel Hill, and Major Abner R. Small succeeded him in office. The regi-
ment was mustered out June 5, 1865, and the recruits transferred to the
Twentieth.

ROSTER.

Uriah Balkam, Chaiilain, Lewiston

Hosea D. Manley, Serg.-Maj., Auburn

Luther E. Burgess, Wag., B, Turner

Everett G. Ford, B,

Charles A. Adkins, B, died Dec. 5, 62, ,,

Joseph W. Richardson, B, ,,

Benj. F. Hutchinson, B, kd Feb. 7, 6.5, Lewiston
Marshall S. Smith, 1st Lieut, C, East Livermore
Columbus A. Whitney, C, Turner

Nathan Bartlett, Jr, C, died Dec. 10,

1863, East Livermore

Orville Brown, C, ,, ,,

Calvin Beals, C, ,, ,,

David H. Hinds, C, died, ,, ,,

Dorillus Hobbs, Corp., C, died, ,, ,,

N. J. Sanford, C,

James Ridley, C,

,, ,,

James N. Brown, Corp., C,

»» M

Smith Hilton, D,

Lewiston

Thomas Mason, D,

jj

Lorenzo Rourke, D,

,,

Nelson A. Lane, I),

Poland

Adrian (J. Roberts, I>,

Minot

Arch D. Leavitt, Capt., E, pro Maj., died

May 31, 1864, of wds. Turner

Aubrey Leavitt, Serg., E, pro 1st Lt, B, ,,

Jones Whitman, Corp., E, pro Serg.,

pro 1st Lieut, Turner

Otis Hood, Wag., E,
Seth H. Alden, E,
Sidney A. Allen, E,
Luther Bradford, Serg., E,
Curtis V. Fales, E, died Oct. 12, 63,
f4eorge C. Harmond, E,
Calvin M. Heywood, E,
Frank M. Merrill, Mus., E, died Dec.

21, 1862,
Isaac J. Monk, E,
Sarson C. Pratt, E,
Sampson A. Thomas, E,
Charles P. Winship, E,
Joseph G. Lamb, Corp., E, pro Serg., Leeds

Charles R. Berry, E, died of wds Dec.

25, 1862,
John A. Buruhara, E, ,,

Ebenezer Curtis, 2d, E, ,,

Francis George, E, ,,

George G. Hussey, E, ,,

RoUin F. Jennings, E, trans to .5 Me Bat., ,,
(ieorge H. Peare, E, ,,

Samuel W. Pettengill, E, trans to V. R. C, ,,
Granville Richmond, E, ,,

132

History of Androscoggin County.

William W. Wheeler, E, Leeds
Frank Wiggin, Serg., H, Lewiston
Wm H. Waldron, Capt., I, pro Capt.

andA. Q. M.,

Charles A. Garcolon, Lieut, I, ,,
Kdwin K. Hall, Serg., I,

E. Freeman Higgins, 1st Sgt, I, died, ,,

Charles R. Anderson, I, ,,

Edward Hayes, I, ,,

John r.alvin, I, trans Vet Kes Corps, „

Hiram W. Loring, 1, ,.

Amos Nevins, I, ,,

Patrick O'Neil, I, ,,

Josejih W. I'armenter, I, ,,

iMathew Roberts, I, trans 5 JSIe. Bat, ,,

Sebastian S. Vose, I, ,,

William Bray, l,st Lieut, I, Turner

Freeman H. Farris, I, ,,

Stewart Holmes, I, ,,
Orlando A. Jones, I, miss in act at Fred'b'g, ,,

George T. Piper, I, ,,

Thomas L, Roberts, I, ,,

William B. Staples, I, ,,
Albert Potter, Serg., I, Webster

George W. Jordan, Corp., I, ,,

George B. Haskell, Serg., I, ,,

Octavius K. Cloudman, I, ,,

Benj. B. Crockett, I, trans to V. R. C, ,,

Benj. F. Garcelon, I, died a rebel pris, ,,

Ephraim L. Jordan, Corp., I, ,,

Francis A. McKinney, I, ,,
Aden A. Niles, I, died Dec. 2(), 03,

Oliver Stover, I, died a rebel prisoner, ,,

R. N. Waterman, I, ,,
Zelotus Rowe, Serg., I, died in Libby

Prison, Lisbon

Africa P. Cotton, Corp., I, ,,
Nath Gilpatrick, Corji., I, kd Fred'b'g,

Dec. 13, 62, „
Isaac A. Blake, I, kd Fred'b'g, Dec lo, (52, ,,

Andrew A. Cotton, I, trans V. R. C, ,,

Blanchard ('otton, I, died in service, ,,

Benj. F. Farrar, I, trans Vet Res Corps, „

Thomas J. Gould, Serg., I, ,,

Silas C. Gould, I, kd Dec. 13, 18(i2, ,,

Daniel Small, Corp., I, ,,

Nelson H. Wade, 1 , trans Vet Res Corps, ,,
Charles Wescott, I,

Hosea D. Manley, I, pro Serg.-Maj., Auburn

Geo. S. Boutelle, I, died in service, ,,

George D. Marston, Corp., I, pro Serg., ,,
Noah Jordan, Mus., I,
John F. Lewis, I,

Wilbur F. Mower, Serg., I, pro 2d Lt, Greene

Jabez P. Pratt, Serg., I, pro 1st Lt, K, Greene

Araunah H. Briggs, Corp., I, died in

rebel prison, ,,

Edward P. Dyer, I, ,,

George W. Frost, I, died in service, ,,

Orison W. Hackett, I, ,,

William Johnson, I, died Oct. 23, 62, ,,
William H. Michaels, I, died Feb. 18, 63, ,,

Lora S Patten, I, died Mar. 2, 65, ,,

Pilugene S. Mower, I, „

Edwin H. Nason, I, ,,

Charles W. Allen, I, Livermore

James P. Beals, I, Durham

William Davis, Corp., I, ,,

Jeremiah Estes, I, died in service, ,,

Henry Hackett, I, ,,

George G. Leavens, I, ,,

Daniel Perry, I, died Mar, 28, 63, Minot

William H. Miller, C , Lewiston

Charles D. Ryder, D, Danville

George Bryan, D, Lewiston

Michael J. Barrett, D, ,,
Sylvanus G. Glover, D, miss in act June

6, 1864,
James H. Houlahan, D, trans to 20 Me, ,,

George T. Davis, E, trans to 20 Me, Turner

John Ellis, E, Lewiston
Daniel Witherell, E, trans V. R. C,

Edwin M. Jewell, E, Wales

Timothy Coharn, G, trans to 20 Me, Lewiston
Augustus A. Sutherland, G, tr 20 Me, Lisbon

John Clark, H, Lewiston

Charles Fisher. H, ,,

William J. Linscomb, H, ,,

John Boyd, I, ,,
William Brown, I, died in Andersonville, ,,

Roscoe Chandler, I, died Apr. 7, 64, ,,

Charles McGowan, I, ,,
Charles H. Thompson, I, died a pris

Nov. 30, 65,
Fred W. West, I, died Dec. 22, 63,

George R. Grover, K, ,,

David H. Stevens, K, ,,

Frank Manley, A, trans from K, Auburn

Thomas Stewart, A, trans to F, ,,

Charles C. Getchell, A, Durham

John Kelley, B, trans to 20 Me, Auburn

Richard Libby, B, died Jan. 29, 65, ,,

Jonathan Allen, C, trans to 20 Me, Livermore

John Driscoll, C, trans to 20 Me, Auburn

Charles W. Wright, C, Danville

William Tendall, D, Auburn

George H. Gould, H, trans from A, Lewiston

William C. Hall, Minot

Seventeenth Infantry /iff/inwnt. — This body was enlisted from Andros-
coggin, Cumberland, Oxford, and York counties, and was mustered into
United States service, August 18, 1862. It left Maine August 21 for Wash-

Military Affairs.

133

ington, and was engaged in garrison duty, in perfecting its drill, and in
various camps until the winter campaign of 18()2-3. Thomas A. Roberts,
of Portland, was colonel; Charles B. Merrill, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel;
and George W. West, of Fort Kent, major. Company C was officered by
Captain Augustus Golderman, of Minot; Otho W. Burnham, of Poland, first
lieutenant ; Joseph A. Perry, of Portland, second lieutenant. The captain and
first lieutenant of Company D were Captain Isaac S. Faunce and Lieutenant
Milton M. Young, both of Lewiston. The Seventeenth first engaged in battle
at Fredericksburg, where it drove the charging Confederates back to their
intrenchments in such a manner as to elicit compliments from General Berry
for its steadiness under fire. It would be pleasurable to linger over the
brilliant record of this gallant organization. It was in the hottest of the
historic engagements of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Cedars, Gettys-
burg, Orange Grove, Auburn, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania,
North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Coal Harbor, and at and arouiul Petersburg,
Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, etc. Ill health caused tlie resignation of
Colonel Roberts, June 2, 1863. Major West was mustered as colonel, November
26, wounded at the Wilderness May 0, brevetted brigadier-general December
2, 1864, and discharged April 17, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Merrill was
mustered out October 7, 1864. The recruits of the Third Maine were trans-
ferred to the Seventeenth, June 4, 1864. February 18, 18(55, Company D,
Second United States Sharpshooters, was transferred to this regiment, and
consolidated with its several companies. The members of the Seventeenth,
whose terms of service expired previous to October, 1865, were mustered out
June 4, 1865, and the others consolidated with the First Maine Heavy
Artillery. At this time the field officers were Colonel Charles P. Mattocks
and Lieutenant-Colonel William Hobson.

ROSTER.

Henry L. K. "Wiggin, Surgeon, Auburn

Augustus Goldermann, Capt., C, Minot

Asa L. Downs, Serg., C, ,,

George E. Perry, Corp.,C, died in service, ,,

Edwin G. Parsons, Mus., C, ,,

Alexander Campbell, C, died in service, ,,

Samuel Davis, Jr, G, ■ ,,

Setb B. Day, Corp., C, ,,

George A. Durgin, Corp., C, pro Sgt, ,,

James L. Fuller, Corp., C, kd in action, ,,

Elmer D. Hackett, C, „

William H. Hersey, C, ,,

Hosea Knowlton, C, ,,

George F. Perkins, C, ,,

Addison B. Pratt, C, ,,

George F. Sawyer, C, ,,

Chas. W. Strout, C, tr Vet. Res. Corps, ,,

Orin Wbittemore, C, ,,

Otho W. Burnham, Lieut, C, Poland

Edward H. Fuller, Corp., C, ,,

Cyrus T. Pratt, Corp., C, kd in action, ,,

Stephen W. Gammon, Mus., C, ,,

George G. Bridgham, (", ,,

Horace J. Brown, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,,

Edward S. Chipman, C, ,,
Allen M. Churchill, C, tr Vet Res Corps,
Cephas B. Cobb, C, died Aug. 22, G2,
Chas. Daisey, C, kd May 23, (J3,

Chas. M. Dockham, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,,

James T. Donald, C, died Mar. 12, (13, ,,
George B. Dunn, Sgt,C, pro 2d Lt, Co. B, „

Josiah Duran, Corp., C, ,,
Albert W. Harris, C,

Samuel F. Haskell, Serg., C, ,,

George W. Jackson, C, „

James M. Mills, C, ,,

134

History of Androscoggin County.

John Noyes, C, Poland

Andrew J. Pattee, C, kd Gettysburg,

July 2, ()3,

Elhanan W. Record, C, „

Wentworth P. Ricker, C, i.

Tillson Waterman, Jr, C, tr V. R. C, ,,

William H. Woodward, C, >.
William F. Morrill, Serg., C, Durham
Jonathan R. Ryerson, C, tr to 1 H. A., Danville

Edwin P. Gurney, C, ..
Edward R. Allen, C (Danville), Lewiston

Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., D, tr to A, ,,

Milton M. Young, Lt, D, pro Capt., K, ,,
AVilliam C. Winter, Sgt, D, pro Lieut,

died Jan. 25, US, „

Dan'l J. Chandler, 1st Sgt, D, pro Lt, B, „

John F. Putnam, Sgt, D, pro Com. Sgt, ,,

Levi Willard, Jr, Serg., D, ,,

Artson K. Dennison, Sgt, D, tr V. R. C, ,,
Bernard Hogan, Corp., D, mort wd

Gettysburg, ,,
Newton W. Parker, Sgt, D, pro 1st Lt,

kd in act, ,,

Oliver D. Smith. Corp., D, „

George Lothrop, Serg., D, ,,

Frank C. Houghton, Wag., D, ,,

Joseph Austin, D, ,,

Edwin G. Baker, D, tr to V. II. C, ,,

Nath G. Bickford, D, „

William Bodge, D, „

Edward Brackett, D, ,,

Warren S. Butler, D, tr to V. R. C, ,,

Joseph Chadderton, D, kd June IG, CA, ,,

George O. Currier, D, ,,

Richard L. Dalton, 1), ,,

Melvin Davis, Serg., D, ,,

Charles A. DeWitt, Corp., I), ,,
Samuel L. Dwelly, D, died from wds

July 9, 6.-?,

Albert Diinlai), D, ,,
Aaron Dunn, D, tr to V. R. C,

Oilman Faunce, D, ,,

Levi Fowler, D, kd Gettysb'g, July 2, 6.3, ,,
W. P. Gatchell, D,

Isaac S. Golden, D, „

Charles H. Groves, D, ,,

LaForest Groves, D, ,,
Thomas C. Haley, D,

Elijali P. Harmon, D, ,,

John Hogan, D, ,,

John Holt, D, „

James Hulrae, D, ,,

Lemuel Jackson, I), „

William H. Lane, I), „

CJeorge H. Maloon, I), ,,

Isaiah G. j\Iason, died in service, ,,

Thomas McCarty, 1), ,,

Frank A. McDonald, D, kd in action, „

Michael McDonald, D, Lewiston

Martin McNulty, D, . ,,

George A. Parker, D, pro Serg.-Maj.,

Lt F, and Adjt,
Geo. I. Parker, D, pro Sgt and 1st Sgt,
Charles W. Peasley, D,
Henry H. Penley, Corp., D,
John A. Reed, D,
Joshua G. Richardson, D,
Ezra P. Rogers, D, died of wds in service,
Isaac Rounds, D (Danville),
John N. Smith, D, tr to V. R. C,
Bradford Stevens, D,
William Stewart, D,
Michael Sweeney, Corp., D, kd in action,
Wm. Tindall, D, tr to V. R. C,
Thomas Toole, D, kd in action,
Waterman Trafton, D, tr V. R. C,
Amos G. Winter, D,
Thomas W. Lord, Sgt, K, pro 2d Lt, Auburn
Charles A. Beal, Serg., K, ,,

Adolplius P. Wilson, Corp., K, ,,

Andrew J. Miller, K, kd Apr. (J, 05, ,,

Alfred Ring, Corp., K (Danville),
Pliny L. Wyman, Corp., K, ,,

Wm. H. Wyman, Wag., K, died in

service, ,,

Hiram Andrews, K, ,,

M. M. Andrews, K, ,,

Alfred E. Atwood, K, died Jan. 11, 63,
Hiram Atwood, K, ,,

James A. Bennett, Corp., K, ,,

Almon E. Brown (Danville), ,,

John H. Conley, K,

John H. Cotton, K, „

John McCrocker, K, „

Rufus Danforth, K, „

William J. Golden, K,
Elisha Hall, Corp., K,

Samuel R. Harris, K (Danville), ,,

Samuel O. Hatch, K, kd at Gettysb'g, ,,

John F. Hewey, K, ,,

Aug. A. Keith, Corp., K, kd in action, ,,

Abraham Libby, K, tr to V. R. C, ,,

George W. Lord, K, ,,

Wm H. Lyon, K, kd in action, G.3, ,,

Wallace Maxfield, K, „

Addison A. Miller, K (Danville),
Francis D. Morey, K, ,,

Chandler Nason, K, tr to 1st H. A., ,,

Nahum Niles, K, died Feb. 9, 63, „

Leonard R. Penny, K, died Nov. 7, 62,
Weston S. Rand, K, ,,

(Jeorge F. Read, K, ,,

F'rederick D. Read, K, ,,

Dana Rounds, K, died June 5, 63, ,,

David Small, K, ,,

Thomas Storah, K, tr to V. R. C, „

Military Affairs.

135

Geo. J. Strout, Corp., K, kd Apr. 11, 64, Auburn
Edwin Verrill, K, died in service, ,,

Augustine Voung, Corp., K, ,,

Greenleaf D. Willard, K, ,,

Joseph J. Jackson. K, Danville

William Doyle, K, Leeds

Oliver E. Randall, K, Lewiston

Charles H. Wright, K,
Milton M. Young, K, wd July 2, G.^i, died

Aug. 13, ,)

Charles W. Brown, C, ,,

William H. Courson, C, ,,

Silas McCallister, C, ,,

John Stanley, C, ,,

Tallman L. ^Iclntire, D, tr to 1 H. A.,
Henry Hall, E,

John McDonald, E, tr to V. R. C,
John r. Barrows, P, tr to 1 H. A., Minot

John Taylor, F, Lewiston

Patrick Kelly, H,

James Shannon, H, ,,

Patrick Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A.,
John Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A., ,,

Samuel Parker, A, kd in service, ,,

Isaiah Bonney, A, tr f r .3 Me, tr to 1 H. A, ,,
Francis H. Barnes, A, tr from 3 Me, ,,

Amos G. Bean, A, tr from 3 Me, ,,

AnselH. Cram, A,trfr3Me,trto] H.A., ,,
Daniel Cohan, A, tr from 3 Me, ,,

Marcellus Cram, A, tr from 3 Me, ,,

Josephus C. Colby, A, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

1 H. A.,
Josiah Dill, A, tr to 1 H. A.,
Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., A, tr to 1 H. A, ,,
S. W. G. Gonyea, A, tr to 1 H. A.,
Lafayette Plaisted, A, tr to Co. G, ,,

Stephen P. Cutler, B, tr fr 1 Me, tr to

1 H. A., Poland

Julius G. Chipman, B, ,,

George B. Dunn, Lt, B, pro 1 Lt, G, ,,

Arthur L. Coombs B, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston

Daniel J. Chandler, Lieut, B, ,,

Patrick Dolan, B, tr fr 3 Me, trto 1 H. A., „
John O. Sullivan, B, tr to 1 H. A.,
John Fuller, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,,
H. H. Garcelon, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to V. R. C, „
E. T. Getchell, C, tr fr 3 Me, „

Wm Galoin, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,,
Dexter W. Howard, C, pro 2d Lt, E, * Leeds

Elisha K. Mann, 1st Sgt, C, tr fr 3 Me,

tr to 1 H. A., Wales

Jas. A. Cummings, F, died Apr. 19, 05, Auburn
Thos. Hayes, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston
Granville Holt, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., „
Geo. W. Hatch, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,,
Geo. Hourd, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,,

Jona Hutchinson, Jr, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

H. A., Minot

James Britten, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston
Chas. McCarroll, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,,
John J. O'Connell, E, tr fr 3 Me, kd Oct.

17, 04,
Dexter W. Howard, E, joined as Lt fr C, Leeds
Edward E. Jones, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1

H. A., Minot

Josiah Winslow, F, ,,

Bartholomew Cuff, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1

H. A., Lewiston

Patrick Lyons, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,,
M. N. Shephard, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „
Rufus F. Dexter, G, died of wds in service, „
Geo. B. Dunn, 1st Lt, G, pro Capt., K, Poland
John Fallen, G, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston

Calvin Kneeland, G, tr fr 3 Me, ,,

Geo. H. Leighton, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., „
L. F. Miller, G, tr fr 3 Me, died July 4, (54, ,,
Michael A. Murphy, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., ,,
Geo. W. Ryerson, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1

H. A.,
Michael Riley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,,
Orrin Rogers, G, tr fr 3 Me,
Samuel A. Seeley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

IH. A.,
Chas. Stewart, G, tr fr 3 Me, d in serv,
Joseph Newell, G, never joined company, „
Chas. H. Lewis, Corp., H, tr fr 3d Me, tr

to 1 H. A.,
John Primrose, H,tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,,
Roscoe Smith, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A.. „
James P. Thompson, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

IH. A.,
Melville A. I'erkins, H, died May 3, 05, Auburn
Edward L. Stevens, H, tr fr 3 Me, Turner

Newton W. Parker, Lieut, I, killed, Lewiston
Charles Lisbon, I, "

Martin McElroy, I, tr fr 3 Me,
Wm. C. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me, died, ,,
Henry H. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me,
Mark Tripp, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A.,
John L. Tubbs, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „
Chas. Wellman, I, tr fr 3 Me,
Wm. A. Ward, I, tr fr 3 Me,
James C. Smith, I, tr fr 3 Me, killed, Livermore
Orville Swett, I, never joined Co., Durham

Lloyd B. Caswell, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

1 H. A., Leeds

Robert W. Austin, K, Danville

John Nixon, K, Lewiston

Acton Wheeler, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to

IH. A.,
John Warner, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „
Orville Young, K, tr fr 3 Me, „

For Eiiihteenth Regiment see First Regiment Heavy Artillery.

136

History of Androscoggin County.

Nineteenth Infantry Regiment. — T\\\s regiment enlisted mostly in Knox,
Kennebec, Waldo, and Sagadahoc counties, was organized at Bath, August 25,
1862, for three years. The field officers were Colonel Frederick D. Sewall,
who had served as assistant adjutant-general on the staff of General Howard;
Lieutenant-Colonel Francis E. Heath, who had been a captain in the Third
from organization ; ^lajor Henry W. Cunningham, a former captain of the
Fourth. The original members whose terms of service expired before October,
1865, were mustered out of service jNIay 31, 1865, and the others united with
the First JNlaine Heavy Artillery.

Leaving Bath August 27, 1862 (having been raised, organized, and equipped
in less than four weeks), it arrived at Washington August 29, and was ordered
to the defenses of the city. In October it operated in the Shenandoah valley,
and at Charleston, October 16, first came under fire, wliere it behaved with the
same coolness and steadiness that characterized the regiment in every subse-
quent engagement. November 17 it took position at Falmouth in front of
Fredericksburg, and participated in the five-days' battle in December. It was
classed among the first regiments of the corps for discipline, bravery, and
efficiency. At Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Bristow Station, Gettysburg,
Wilderness, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, Po River, Tolopotomoy, North Anna,
Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, Strawberry Plains,
Boydton Road, and in otlier actions did this grand regiment conduct itself
most gallantly, taking prisoners, capturing colors, and winning commendation.
Over one-half its number were killed and wounded at Gettysburg. Colonel
Sewall resigned February 19, 1863 ; Colonel Heath, November 1, 1863.
Colonel Selden Connor was promoted to brigadier-general July 1, 1864, and
Colonel James W. Welch resigned October 21, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel
Cunningham was mustered out June 11, 1864. The regimental commanding
officers in its later service were Colonel Isaac W. Starbird, commissioned
November 16, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph W. Spaulding, December 2,
1864; and Major David E. Parsons, November 1(), 1864.

ROSTER.

Benjamin F. Sturgis, Assistant Surgeon.

Henry A. Ham, Corp., F,

Wales

George W. Hodgman, F,

,,

Wm S. Small, F,

jj

Thomas L. Bubier, F, tr V. R. C,

Leeds

Addison D. Gilbert, F,

J,

Calvin B. Keen, F,

J,

Moses S. Dennett, 1st Serg., F,

Levviston

Henry H. Lake, F, tr 4 U. S. Art.,

,,

Thomas S. Rose, F,

Greene

Jeremiah Sullivan, K, tr V. R. C,

Lewiston

John G. Curtis, A,

,,

John Carter, A, tr fr 4 Me, tr 1 H. A.,

Benjamin C. Hatch, B, Lewiston

Narcisse Lamare, B, ,,
Wm H. H. Small, Corp., B, tr 1 H. A.,

John J. Dalmage, C, ,,

Rufus Richardson, C, tr 1 H. A., ,,

Martin V. B. Richardson, C, ,,

Charles Ludes, D, tr 1 H. A., ,,

Joseph W. Wilbur, D, ,,

Orrin I. Peterson, D, tr V. R. C, Poland
Augustus Campbell, E, trto 1 H. A., Livermore

William Farr, E, killed May G, 64, Lewiston
Lora H. Collins, F,

Walter Jerald, Serg., F, tr 1 H. A., „

Military Affairs.

137

George Morris, F, Lewiston

Marcus M. Stone, F, tr 1 H. A.. ,,
Patrick Sweeney, F, d in rebel prison

Aug. 27, 64,

James H. Durgan, G, ,,

Rinaldo A. Labree, G, tr to V. R. C, ,,
William H. H. Small, G,

Adolphus P. Wilson, G, ,,

Edward Bogue, I, ,,

Joseph Baker, I, ,,

John Curran, I, ,,

Patrick Harrigan, I, died June 10, Gi, „

George Bixby, K, ,,

William Greenwood, K, tr 1 H. A., ,,
James W. Hicks, K, tr to 1 H. A.,

Loring McKeen, K, ,,

Norman McKinsey, K, ,,
John L. Thompson, K, died from wnds

at Wilderness, ,,
John H. Williams, K, tr 1 H. A.,
Daniel Dana, B, tr fr. 4 Me, d Nov. 3, fi4, „

James H. Hutchinson, B, ,,
Joseph Jordan, B, Webster

John L. Higgins.C, tr f r. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Webster
Nathan B. Harlow, C, tr from 4 Me, tr 1

H. A., Auburn

George M. Hatch, C, Lewiston

Seth W. Jackson, C, tr from 4 Me, died

Oct. 4, 64,
Frank Larvin, C, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., ,,
Charles W. Merrill, C, tr from 4 Me, tr

1 H. A., Lisbon

Patrick Bray, F, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston
Michael King, F, „

Maxim Layois, F, tr 1 H. A., „

Justus C. Briggs, F, died in rebel prison

Aug. 10, ()4, Turner

Hezekiah D, Morse, F, tr from 4 Me, tr

1 H. A., Poland

James B. Davis, G, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston

William B. Ellis, G, tr 1 H. A.,
Hugh Hunter, G, tr 1 H, A., „

Peter Lee, G, tr 1 H. A.,
George Wilbur, G, ,,

Edwin F. Carter, K, died April 14, (54, ,,

Samuel E. Kenniston, K, tr 1 H. A., ,,

Twenfieth Infantri/ Bc(/imenf. — This was organized at Portland, August
29, 1862, to serve three years. It was extremely well organized, and the
personnel of its officers bespoke for it a brilliant service, which the regiment
fully maintained. Professor Joshua L. Chamberlain, of Bowdoin College,
availed himself of a leave of absence granted him to visit Enrope to offer
himself to Governor Washburn for military service, and was appointed lieu-
tenant-colonel of this regiment, and took command of the rendezvous until the
organization and the arrival of Colonel Adelbert Ames, who had been educated
at West Point. From graduation in 1861 he was in active service as captain,
and for gallantry at jMalvern Hill was recommended for two brevets, and
commissioned colonel of the Twentieth. Major Charles D. Gilmore was of
Bangor, Lieutenants Augustus H. Strickland, Company I, and William W.
Morrill, Company K, were of Livermore. September 3, 1862, the regiment
left the state for the Potomac, and immediately entered upon the severe duties
of the Maryland campaign ; it took part in Antietam, Fredericksburg, and
many reconnoissances, skirmishes, and expeditions during the winter. In the
movements preceding the battle of Chancellorsville the regiment was left in
camp, the men having been inoculated with small-pox through mistake, and
Colonel Ames secured detached service on General Meade's staff. At the
sound of the first gun of the battle Lieutenant-Colonel Chamberlain solicited
the privilege of taking the regiment somewliere on the line, saying that " we
would give the rebels the small-pox if nothing else," and was soon put in
charge of the signal and telegraph lines from headquarters to the several
stations on the battlefield. May 20 he was commissioned colonel. July 2,
1863, the Twentieth had to hold the extreme left of the Union line, and with-

138

History of Androscoggin County.

stood an attack of an entire rebel brigade for two hours in front, flank, and
rear. Holding the position with the loss of half its men, it drove the remnants
of Hood's division before it, and captured and held all night the heights of
Round Top, taking more than double its own number in prisoners. The credit
of capturing Hound Top is entirely due to the Twentieth, and for it they were
officially thanked by brigade, division, and corps commanders, and Colonel
Chamberlain recommended by all for promotion. He was dangerously wounded
at Petersburg, June 18, and "for meritorious and efficient service on the held
of battle, and especially for gallant conduct," he was appointed brigadier-
general by General Grant on the field — the only instance of the kind in the
history of the army. The Twentieth passed the winter of 1863-4 at Rappa-
hannock Station, which it had aided in capturing, and joined the campaign of
brilliant service which embraced the battles of Locust Grove, Spottsylvania,
Laurel Hill, North Anna, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Peeble's Farm,
Hatcher's Run. It also did gallant duty during its service at Mine Run, Wil-
derness, Five Forks, was skirmishing with the enemy at Appomattox when Lee
surrendered, and was one of the regiments designated to receive the Confed-
erate arms. Major Gilmore had risen to be colonel, and resigned May 29,
1865, and was succeeded by Colonel Spear. Lieutenant-Colonel Walter G.
Morrill and Major Atherton W. Clark were discharged June 4, 1865, and
Colonel Ellis Spear, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain and Major
George R. Abbott were in command until the final muster-out, July 16, 1865.
The original members whose service expired before October, 1865, had been
mustered out in June, when the men of the Sixteenth Regiment and First
Sharpshooters were transferred to the Twentieth.

ROSTER.

Aug. H. Strickland, Lieut, C, Livermore

Daniel If. Kilbreth, Serg., C, ,,

Sereah M. Pratt, Corp., C, ,,
Albert C. Pray, Corp., C, promoted

Serg. -Major, ,,

Edward R. Brown, C, ,,
Elisha (). Drake, C,

Lucius M. Joslin, C, ,,

Davi.s Jjarrabee, C, ,,
William Libby, C,

George D. Neal, Serg., C, ,,

Albert Roberts, C, ,,

Seba Smith, C, trans to V. 11. C, ,,
Oliver L. Stevens, C, died of wounds

July 11, 6:5,
Alexis C. Taylor, C,

Arad Thompson, Serg., C, pro Capt., K, ,,

Philip Williams, C, trans to V. R. C, „
Henry C. Simmons, C, died Dec. 13, ()2, Turner

"Winslow Turner, C, Leeds
George F. .Toy, Corp., K, Durham

James H. Miller, Corp., K, tr V. R. C, Durham
Irving Tyler, Mus., K, ,,

Wm H. Pollister, K, trans to V. R. C, „
James R. Merrill, K, kd at Gettysburg, ,,
.lohn F. Bickford, K, Danville

George W. Carleton, K, Lewiston

Frank Clark, Serg. -Major, pro from K, Auburn
Josei)li Tyler, Mus., Durham

Louis Benoit, A, Lewiston

Wm. W. Morrill, Capt., A, killed May

8, 64, Livermore

Melvin W. Marston, D, Durham

Geo. Bryan, D, trans fr 16tli Me, Lewiston

Reuben H. Estes, D., trans fr 1st S. S., ,,
James Houlahan, D, tr fr 16th Me, ,,

Eugene Hinkley, E, tr fr 1st S. S.,trtoI, ,,
George T. Davis, D, tr fr 16tb Me, Turner

George R. Grover, G, tr fr 16 Me, Lewiston

Francis H. Reed, G, Minot

Joseph Macomber, H, died in rebel pri., Durham
Alonzo G. Turner, H, „

Military Affairs. 139

John Sullivan, H, Minot

Otis Thompson, H, Poland

Jolin Whittinghaui, H, Lewiston

Micliael Mot4ooty, I, Auburn

John Newbury, I, Lewiston

Samuel B. Libby, K, Durham

Enoch F. Newell, K, Sgt., Durham

Enoch M. Billington, K, tr £r 10 Me, Auburn

Timothy Cahan, K, tr fr KJ Me, Lewiston

William Day, K, Auburn

Lawrence Doyle, K, Lewiston
William T. Rowe, K, tr fr 1(1 Me,

Twenty-First Infantry Bcyiment .—T\\\& was a nine-months' regiment, organ-
ized at Augusta in September, and mustered October 14, 1862. Elijah D.
Johnson, of Lewiston, was colonel ; Nathan Stanley, of Vassalboro, lieutenant-
colonel ; Benjamin G. Merry, of Bath, major. It joined General Banks at New
York, where he was organizing his expedition for opening the Mississippi, and
on arrival in Louisiana was stationed at Baton Rouge, where miasma soon caused
great suffering from disease. It did good service in the various attacks on
Port Hudson, was one of the first regiments to approach the works, fought
against superior numbers with the courage of veterans, and in the terrible
encounters of May 27 and June 14, LS63, did well its part, although suffering
great loss. Its term of service expired during the siege, but the men
volunteered to serve until the capture of the city, which was accomplished
July 9, 1863. They received compliments from General Banks for the efficient
service they had rendered. July 25 the regiment started for Maine, where it
was mustered out August 25, 1863, after nearly a year's service, during which
it traveled over 4,000 miles.

Twenty-Sfcond Infantry Regiment. — Another nine-months' regiment mus-
tered into United States service at Bangor, October 18, 1862. Simon G.
Jerrard, of Levant, was commissioned colonel; Olonzo G. Putnam, of Dover,
lieutenant-colonel. Its service was principally on the lower Mississippi. It
was the first regiment to occupy Baton Kouge, drove the enemy at Franklin,
La, did constant duty during the siege of Port Hudson, and was quartered
inside the works after the surrender. It was mustered out at Bangor, August
14, 1863, its term of enlistment having expired. Androscoggin county was
represented in Company E by Edward W. Weymouth of Webster.

Tiventy-Third Infantry Regiment. — This organization was made up almost
entirely by men of Androscoggin and Oxford counties, and was mustered into
United States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, to serve nine months.
"It is believed that in moral and intellectual qualities the men of this regiment
have not been exceeded by any sent from the state. A large number of our
most intelligent citizens, graduates of seminaries and colleges, men of culture
and wealth, were found in its ranks, and the number of men of foreign birth
would scarcely exceed a dozen in the entire regiment."^ The commissioned
regimental officers were : William Wirt Virgin, of Norway, colonel ; Enos T.
Luce, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel: Alfred B. Soule, of Lewiston, major;
Winthrop H. Hall, of Palmyra, adjutant ; William Bray, of Turner, quarter-

1" Maine in the War."

140

History of Androscoggin County.

master ; Jesse P. Sweat, of Brownfield, surgeon; Richard R. Ricker, of Minot,
assistant surgeon ; Joseph C. Snow, of Norway, chaplain.

Companies A, 1), E, G, and I were Androscoggin companies. The
Twenty-third passed its ten months of service at various points along the
Potomac, and acquired a high reputation for efficiency in drill and guard duty.
During this time it had its share of hard marches, performed much fatigue,
guard, and picket duty, but was never under fire. This is no discredit to
either officers or men, as they were well-disciplined, doing their duty promptly
and well. The citizens of Edwards Ferry, where the regiment was on guard
for months, in a letter to the brigade commander said of the Twenty-third :
" At no time since the occupation of this section of the state by military
forces have we sustained so little detriment to our property by the depreda-
tions of soldiers; no regiment has done so much towards diminishing the
inconveniences inseparable from a state of war and effacing the distinction
between years of former peace and the current turbulent times. Intelligence,
urbanity, and all the soldierly qualities in our opinion characterize the officers
and men of this regiment in an eminent degree ; and in declaring our
unanimous and grateful recognition of their qualities we perform not only a
pleasant, but what seems to us an imperative duty."

June 27, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Portland, where it was
mustered out July 15, having lost fifty men by disease and accident.

Enos T. Luce, Lt-Col,

Richard R. Ricker, Asst-Surg.,

Robert M. Sykes, F. M.,

William Bray, Q. M.,

Alfred B. Soule, Major,

Dudley B. Varuey, Capt., A,

Kirke W. Moses, Lieut, A,

Henry A. Norcross, Lieut, A, pro Adjt,

Sumner Nason, Sgt, A, pro Lieut,

Wm Bagnall, Sgt, A,

Ethelbert C. Caswell, Sgt, A,

Wm F. Forbes, Sgt, A,

Ed. M. Dearborn, Sgt, A,

Alvali J. Hervoy, Corp., A,

Israel B. Merrill, Corp., A,

Lloyd (}. Arnold, Corp., A,

Abel D. Cook, Corp., A,

Frank M. Follansbee, Corp., A,

Nathaniel Davis, Corp., A,

Uriah Reed, Corp., A,

Thomas F. Doyle, Corp., A,

Wm Wing, Mus., A,

John Neal, Mus., A,

Jas. R. Fairbrother, Wag., A,

Albert A. Barker, A,

George B. Bearce, A,

ROSTER.

Auburn

Joseph F. Berry, A,

Lewi

Minot

Richard Black, A,

Auburn

Charles E. Blackwell, A,

Turner
jcwiston

Charles M. Bradbury, A,
William F. Brann, A,
William C. Bridge, A,
Freeman Burleigh, A,
Philip Cantlon, A,
John H. L. Chick, A,
John Clear, A,
Frank A. Conant, A,
Aaron T. Corliss, A,
James M. Crockett, A,
Benjamin P. Cummings, A,
Roscoe G. Day, A,
Charles P. Dean, A,
Peter J. Dresser, A,
Henry N. Eastman, A,
Joshua B. Emery, A,

Barton A. Fields, A, died Nov.

29, 62, „

Robert A. Fields, A,

John B. Fowler, A,

Francis M. Gammage, A,

Caleb S. Gilbert, A,

Joseph R. Gilbert, A,
G. W. Goodbehere, A,

Military Affairs.

141

Simon P. Gray, A, Lewiston

Amos Hadley, A, ,,

Freeman C. Hall, A, ,,

John L. Ham, A, ,,

Edwin Haskell, A, ,,

Cyrus Hayford, A, ,,

Joseph D. Harville, A, ,,

William N. Higgins, A, „

Henry H. Hinckley, A, ,,

Walter S. Hodges, A, ,,

Charles K. Hooker, A, ,,

Allen Hogarth, A, ,,

Charles E. Huston, A, ,,
John M. Jackson, A, pro Lieut 'o2 Mc, ,,

Peter Jerris, A, ,,

James B. Ladd, A, ,,

Elbridge T. Landers, A, „

Moses Lee, A, ,,

Joseph M. Litchfield, A, ,,

Samuel A. Lord, A, ,,

William H. Love, A, ,,

Roscoe F. Ludwig, A, ,,

William H. Mace, A, „

Dennis Mara, A, ,,

William McDonald, A, ,,

Cleveland B. Merrill, A, ,,

Fred Miller, A, ,,

Jonas A. Mitchell, A, ,,

Patrick Munster, A, ,,

John Murphy, A, ,,

Elbridge G. Oaks, A, „

John Oliver, A, ,,

Silas Perham, A, ,,

John Pinkham, A, „

Dennis Roberts, A, „

John Rogers, A, ,,

Hiram B. Rose, A, ,,

Patrick Rowan, A, ,,

John Sheehan, A, ,,
Nath E. Skelton, A,

Phineas W. Skinner, A, ,,

Aretas Small, A, ,,

John B. Stickney, A, ,,

Jeremiah A. Sullivan, A, ,,

Everett Temple, A, ,,

Ivory Temple, A, ,,
Elbridge G. Thomas, A,
Earl S. Ware, A,

Amos Whitney, A, ,,

Chester Whitney, A, ,,

John S. Winslow, A, ,,
Henry E. Wood, A,
John C. Wright. A,

Charles E. Bradford, Capt., D, Turner
Horace C. Haskell, Lieut, D, promoted

Capt., March 1, 63, ,,

Chandler B. Bailey, 1st Serg., D, ,,

Job P. Leavitt, Serg., D, pro Lieut, ,,

James Clark, Corp., D, ,,

John E. Ashe, Corp., D, pro Serg., Turner

Benj. F. Hodsdon, Corp., D, ,,

Thaddeus Leavitt, Corp., D, ,,

Lewis P. Bradford, Corp., D, ,,
Thomas AV. Davis, Corp., D, d Jan. 14, (i3, ,,

William Smith, Musician, D, ,,

Jason L. Allen, D, ,,

Benjamin F. Beals, D, ,,

John O. Bean, D, ,,

Mellen A. Bearce, D, ,,

Asa L. Berry, D, ,,

Charles Blake, D, „

Leonard P. Bradford, D, ,,

Philip Bray, D, pro Com. Serg., ,,

Benjamin L. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,,

Morrill E. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,,

Samuel S. Butler, D, „

James A. Cary, D, ,,

Luther K. Carey, D, „

Thomas T. Cary, D, „

Howard Conant, D, „

Sanford Conant, D, „

Benjamin Cox, D, ,,

Jason Cutler, D, ,,
William H. Delano, D,

Elbridge G. Francis, D, „

Edwin S. French, D, ,,
Edwin E. Fuller, D,
Hartwell S. French, D,

Lewis D. Hayford, D, „

Cyrus W. Hersey, D, ,,

George F. Holmes, D, „

Ronello B. Keene, D, „

Lorenzo S. Leavitt, D, ,,

James McCorrison, D, ,,

Calvin McKenney, D, ,,

Marcellus S. Merrill, D, ,,

Shirley Merrill, I), ,,

Winslow Merrill, D, ,,

Samuel T. Perry, D, „

Isaac Phillips, D, ,,

Edson Reckards, D, „

George G. Richardson, D, ,,

Ira A. ShurtlelT, D, „

Edgar E. Swett, D, ,,

George C. Wheaton, D, ,,

James A. Whiting, D, „

Jolin B. Woodman, D, ,,
Hiram Moore, Lieut., D, Minot
Frank H. Hall, Corp., D,

John A. Barrows, D (Auburn) killed, ,,

Azor Bicknell, D, ,,

Horace C. Briggs, D, ,,

Justus H Briggs, D (Auburn), „

James Cox, D, ,,

Albion A. Crooker, D, ,,

Wellington D. Curtis, D, „

Charles R. Davis, D, ,,

James L. Dingley, D, „

142

History of Androscoggin County.

Albert Downes, D, Minot

Joseph Freeman, D, ,,

Charles H. Martin, D, „

Judson B. Swett, D, „

Daniel H. Woodward, D, ,,
Almon C Pray, Capt., E, Auburn

Freedom H. Lander, 1st Lieut, E, ,,

James White, E, Serg., pro Lieut, T, ,,
Joseph Littlefield, Serg., E, pro 1st Serg., ,,

Alex Stinson, Serg., E, ,,

George W. Bailey, Corp., E, ,,

Aug H. Haskell, Corp., E, „

Joseph Gould, Corp., E, ,,

George W. Noyes, Corp., E, ,,

J. B. K. Drake, Mus., E, „

Frank H. Keed, Mus., E, „

Horace C. Thayer, Wag., E, ,,

P^ancis Allen, E, ,,

Henry H. Bailey, E, „

George S. Boutelle, E, died in service, ,,

Aug E. Briggs, E, „
Jeff L. Briggs, E,

A. H. Chamberlain, E, ,,

Harrison A. Coffin, E, ,,

Charles H. Curtis, E, ,,

David S. Curtis, E, ,,

James Dingley, Jr, E, ,,

John T. Dennison, E, ,,
Calvin F. Durrell, E,
Elias E. Elliott, E, trans to 25 Me,

Jona L. Flagg, E, ,,

Oscar F. Gammon, E, ,,
Geo. B. Glover, E,

Aug D. Gurney, E, ,,

Isaac Haskell, E, ,,

Simeon H. Haskell, E, ,,

Stephen VV. Hersey, E, ,,
Wm W. Holmes, E,

Stafford B. Jones, E, ,,

Charles M. Keith, E, „
Nath H. Lander, E,

George W. Lane, E, ,,

Arthur G. Larrabee, E, ,,

Joshua Littlefield, Jr, E, ,,

Frank O. Lovejoy, E, ,,

John McDonald, E, ,,
Clark Mitchell, E,
Thos. P. Mitchell, E,

James W. Morgan, E, died May 21, 1862, ,,

George F. Merrow, E, ,,

George F. Newell, E, ,,

George W. Nickerson, Serg., E, ,,

Charles S. Ricker, E, ,,

Ilufus E. Rounds, E, ,,

Charles F. Sawyer, E, ,,

Edward H. Sawyer, E, ,,
Jo-seph M. Small, E, died Dec. 28, 1862, „

Leonard O. Smith, E, ,,

Abel C. T. Stevens, E, „

William S. Stevens, E, Auburn

Robert M. Sykes, E, „

Royal F. Starbird, E, „

Richard H. Swett, E, „

Wm K. Vickery, E, „

Augustus White, E, ,,

Charles W. Gerrish, Lieut, E, Lisbon

Wm H. H. Atwood, E, „

Ozias B. Cotton, E, „

Samuel G. Dingley, E, ,,

Edsel A. Douglas, E, „

Benj. R. Durgin, E, ,,

Chas. W. Felch, E, . „

Wm. C. Green, E, ,,

Hiram B. Higgins, E, ,,

Lorenzo Hinckley, E, „

Abel G. Jackson, E, „

Abner Jordan, E, ,,

Robt. E. Mitchell, E, ,,

Caleb C. Smith, E,

John A. Smith, E,

John Wallace, E, „

Alfred Wescott, E,

Josiah T. Jordan, Serg., E, Webster

^Matthew S. Jordan, Serg., E,

Robert H. Niles, Corp., E,

Winfield B. Cutter, Corp., E,

Benjamin D. Bryent, Corp., E,

Charles Mann, Corp., E,

William F. Alexander, E,

Nath Courson, E,

Edward J. Cutter, E,

Benjamin P. Jordan, E,

Darius Jordan, E,

Harris W. Jordan, E,

John Leigh, E,

Llewellyn S. Libby, E,

George A. Moody, E,

Franklin T. Robinson, E,

Horatio G. Small, Corp., E,

Evander Tarbox, E,

Alonzo Tarr, E,

James Thompson, E,

Lincoln E. Woodbury, E,

Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland

Joseph H. Freeman, Lieut, G, ,,

Lucius D. Fisher, Serg., G, ,,

Solomon D. Cushmau, Corp., G, ,,

Lucius Davis, Corp., G, .,

Charles S. Libby, Corp., G, ,,

Sidney A. Griffin, Corp., G, „

Greenlief Emery, Corp., G, ,,

Alviu F. Foss, Corp., G, ,,

Silas A. Megquier, Corp., G, ,,

Eugene L. Dennen, Mus., G, ,,

William H. Allen, G, died Dec. 10, 62,

Clarenton W. Benson, Corp., G, ,,

Eben Bowen, G, died Jan. 28, 63,

Joseph R. Bragdon, G, died Jfii;. 23, 63, ,,

Military Affairs.

Stephen Bray, G,

Ezra D. Chandler, G

Samnel F. Chaplin, G, trans U. S N

Levi E. Cole, G, '

Osgood Cole, G,

Almon Crooker, G,

Benjamin Davis, G,

Moses B. Davis, G, '

Timothy T. Downing, G,

Samuel H. Dudley, G,

Bertrand F. Dunn, G,'

Alfred Dustin, G, '

James W. Field, G,

William G. Gerry, G,

Noah H. Goodwin', G,

Francis A. Hannaford, G,

Bloomville Herrick, G,

Mark A. Herrick, G,

Aug M. Jackson, G,

Charles W. Jordan,' G,

Andrew Kilgore, G,

Elvin W. Locke, G,'

Lemuel F. ^[arshall, G,

Joseph W. Mills, G,

William W. Pratt, G,

Joseph Reed, G,

Willard Stone, 6,

Charles H. Tripp,' G,

Joseph P. Tripp, G '

Thomas J. True, Jr', G, drown Jan. 20 63

Jeremiah Verrill, G "'"■ ■^'J,bd,

Plnneas Walker, G,'died Jan. 14, 63
George L. Whitman, G,

Edwin Woodsum, G,

David Woodsum, G '

Cbarles Thurston, 1st Lieut, G nn •„

Joseph Rounds, Serg., G, i>anv,lle

Joseph Goss, Serg.,G',

Horatio Benson, G,

Cyrus Cobb, G,

Judson Dawes, G,

Orrin Emerson, G,

Brackett M. Field, G,

Charles L. Field, G

EdwardK.Fit.,G,'diedDec.8,62.
Charles M. Goss, G,

Aaron Knights, G,'

Dominicus Libby, G,

Gershom C. Libby, G,

Lewis McKinney, G, '

Warren B. McKenney, G

Seward Penley, G,
Stephen M. Pullen, G,
William D. Pulcifer, G,
Calvin B. Rice, G,
Elbridge G. Robinson, G
Erancis R. Rounds, G,
William W. Royal, G,'
WilUam L. Shackley, G

Liven

James L. Shackley, G,
Andrew M. Smith, G, '
George ^Vagg, G,
Ezekiel D. Witham, G
Thatcher W. Parker, I'st Serg a
Josiah H. Mower, Serg G
Lowell M. Mower, Corp' G
Jarvis T. Beal, G, ' '

Moses C;. Beal, G,'
William Beal, G,'
Charles A. Bradbury G
Converse R. Daggett, G,'
Alvah N. Dexter, G,
William Donnell, g',
Chris C. Gorman, G,'
James M. Lowell, g',
Charles H. Morse G

Darius Pease, G, died Dec. 11, 1862,
Lllery Perea, G,

Charles H. Pratt, G,

Henry A. Smith, G,'

Edwin W. Taylor, G,

James S. Nash, Capt' I

Amos Leavitt,Corp.,'l, pro Serg.,

Johns ders. Corp., I. pro SeW.,
JMiiton Leavitt, Corp. I

Samuel D. Merrill, Corp I

Cyrus M. Barrows, Mus 'l'

John M. Bumpus, I ' '

Willard Carver, I,

John Casey, I,

Jacob G. Edge'combe, I,

Lee Edgecombe, I,

Elbridge P. Gibbs,' I,

Charles H. Harrington I

Lorenzo B. Harrington, l'

Fred A. Haskell, I,

Isaac Hewett, I,

Emerson W. Hill, I

Drewrie Howard,!,'

Henry R. Merrill, I,

Roscoe Merrill, I,

Samuel D. Merrill, I,

Joseph R. Oldham', I,

Samuel H. Peterson, 'l,

George W. Bobbins, I,'

Davis T. Timberlake I

Henry C. Wentworth, Lieut I Ea.f r • "

William W. Noyes,ls;Ser" I ^^^^^more

pro Capt., * ' '

James L. Morse, Corp., I
Caleb W. Brown, I,
Sylvester D. Brown', I,
Charles L. Burgess, I, '
John W. Dow, I,
Enoch L. Farrington, Corp., I
S. Farrington, I,
Charles D. Fuller, I, died
A. P. Fuller, I, '

143

Danville

Greene

ore

144

History of Androscoggin County.

Charles H. Kimball, I, died Jan.

17, 1863, East Livermore

Charles R. Mitchell, I, died Dec.

20, 1862,
Tisdale D. Norris, I, ,, ,,

Nathan J. Sanford, I, ,, ,,

Orville K. Trask, I, died Mar. 18,

1863, ,, ,,

Charles H. Leadbetter, Serjj., I, Leeds

Oscar D. Turner, Serg., I, >.

Albert Barker, Serg., I, ,,

Loring P. Gould, Corp., I, ,,

Sewell Woodman, Corp., I, ,,

Jason Carver, Wag., I, ,>

George T. Bishop, Corp., I, ,,

Seth F. Burnham, I, died Mar. 8, 63, ,,

James H. Burnham, I, ,,

Milton W. Burnham, I, ,,

Russell L. Gould, I, ,,

Daniel W. Hinkley, I,

Charles T. Knights, I, ,,

Lorenzo Leadbetter, I, ,,

Frank J. Lindsey, I,

Leeds

Thomas J. Lindsey, Corp., I,

,,

Rufus K. Perea, I,

,,

Ireson B. Pettingill, I, died Mar.

21,6.3,

,,

Elisha P. Ramsdell, I, died Jan.

10, 63,

,,

John R. Smith, I,

,,

Joshua H. Sumner, I,

,,

James D. Towle, I,

>>

John E. Woodman, I,

, J

Thomas T. Jenkins, Corp., I,

Wales

Albert L. Additon, I,

,,

Llewellyn O. Foster, I,

,,

Charles H. McITarland, I,

,,

Philip H. Tarr, I,

,,

Arthur Given, Jr, Serg., G,

,,

Royal E. Whitman, Capt., G,

pro from

Serg.-Maj.,

Turner

James White, 2d Lieut, I, tr from E,

Auburn

Moses F. Hackett, Serg., K,

Danville

Arthur M. Parker, Serg., H,

,,

Philip Bray, Cora. Serg., D,

Turner

Albert I. Additon, I,

Greene

Twenty-Fourth Infantri/ Bef/iment. — This regiment was organized at Augusta
October 16, 1862, to serve nine months, and was mustered out August 25,
1863. George M. Atwood, of Gardiner, was colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel
Charles T. Bean was discharged on the day of muster-in, and July 1, 1863,
Major Eben Hutchinson was appointed in his stead. Captain William Hol-
brook of Company H was commissioned major, July 23, 1863. This regiment
formed part of Banks's expedition on the lower Mississippi, and was engaged
in the various duties contingent upon an army of occupation. May 21 the
regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, where it remained during the long siege,
and was often called upon to build roads and bridges during the approach of
the forces to the stronghold of the enemy, and was often engaged in action.
Nearly every night during the investment the men were working on earth-
works and rifle-pits. The regiment participated in the desperate assaults of
May 27 and June 14. It lost heavily from disease, 184 dying, and about 100
being discharged for disability. Out of 900 men of the original organization
only 570 returned, yet none were killed in battle or died of wounds. Andros-
coggin county was represented in this regiment by George R. Foster, fife-major,
of Lisbon, and Albert Harlow, Company D.

Twenty-Fifth Infmitry Regiment. — This regiment, mustered into United
States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, was the first nine-months'
regiment to leave the state. Its colonel was Francis Fessenden, a captain in
the United States Army ; Charles E. Shaw was lieutenant-colonel, and Alex-
ander l\r. Tolman, major, all of Portland. Josiah Carr, of Minot, was surgeon.
Leaving Portland, October 16, for Washington, it there joined the forces for
the defense of that city, and did much fatigue and picket duty. It built on

Military Affairs.

145

Arlington Heights a camp of convenient log houses with board roofs, the most
elaborate and durable camp ever constructed in the department. .June 21,
1863, the First brigade, composed of the Tvvent3^-fifth and Twenty-seventh
Maine, was ordered to report to (leneral Slocum, commanding the Twelfth
Corps at Leesburg, but as their time of service had nearly passed, they were
sent to Maine for muster-out, and arrived at Portland, July 3, 1863, where the
Twenty-fifth was discharged on July 10. The Twenty-fifth participated in no
engagement, but performed its responsible and arduous duties with faithfulness
and zeal.

ROSTER.

Josiah Carr, surgeon,

B. L. Briggs, band,

M. E. Briggs, band,

George VV. Spear, A,

Arthur L. Coombs, Wag., B,

Henry Beal, B,

William D. Brewster, B,

Julius E. Eveleth, Corp., B,

Horace P. Merrill, B,

Sumner N. Strout, Serg., T), pro Lieut,

William W. Bailey, Corp.,

Nathaniel D. Chase, Corp., D,

Isaac M. Bishop, Jr, D,

Silas Campbell, D,

Minot

John H. Davis, D,

Turner

Nelson Gatchell, D, died Dec.
John Q. Jordan, D,

15, 1862

Danville

William Mcintosh, D,

Durham

>>

Webster Nevens, D,
Albert Owen, D,
Alfred Roberts, D,
Edmund H. Soper, D,
Benjamin F. Stevens, D,
Francis Venus, D,
Orrin S. Vickery, Corp., D,
Joseph O. Wilson, D,
Frank Crockett, Serg., D,

,,

Sylvester F. Jordan, 1st Serg.

,G,

Durham

Lisbon

Twenty-Sixth lufantrii Reniment. — Knox, Hancock, and Waldo counties
furnished the men for the Twenty-sixth, organized at Bangor, October 11, 1862,
to serve nine months. Nathaniel H. Hubbard, of Winterport, was colonel;
Philo Hersey, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; and James N. Fowler, of Sears-
port, major. After a brief sojourn in the Army of the Potomac, the regiment
joined the forces of General Banks, and embarked for the lower Mississippi,
where it did as much active service as any regiment in the Department of the
Gulf during its connection therewith. At the battle of Irish Bend it lost in
killed and wounded 68 out of 300 engaged. In this action the men displayed
a courage creditable to veterans, and established a reputation for steadiness
under fire, which it well sustained at Port Hudson, where it did duty in the
trenches and on picket. On June 14 it took part in the unsuccessful assault
against the Confederate works. Here the soldiers covered themselves with
honor. Finding it impossible to enter the enemy's fortifications they advanced
within twenty feet of them and sheltered themselves under the steep bluff on
which they were built. Later they were on guard over a battery within
musket shot of the Confederates until the surrender July 8, 1863. Soon
leaving for home the regiment was mustered out at Bangor, July 17, having
served almost a year.

Twenti/'iSeventh Infantry Reyiment. — This companion regiment of the
Twenty-fifth was recruited in York county, and mustered into United States

146 History of Androscoggin County.

service at Portland, September 30, 1862. Rufus P. Tapley, of Saco, was
colonel ; Mark F. Wentworth, of Kittery, lieutenant-colonel ; James M. Stone,
of Kennebunk, major. Arriving at Washington, October 22, it went into camp
at Arlington Heights, where it was brigaded with the Tv/enty-fifth, with whose
fortunes it was united ever after. This regiment was composed of the stalwart
yeomanry of the state, with a liberal sprinkling of skilled mechanics and
professional men, and would have done the severest duty from a sense of
patriotic principle as well as that which fell to its lot. When their time had
expired and interests at home were pressing for their immediate presence, the
momentous action of Gettysburg was impending, all available men were
demanded at the front, and an unprotected capital was at the mercy of any
enemy ; so the men were asked by the President and Secretary of War to
remain for the defense of Washington until the battle was fought, and 315
acceded to the request and remained until the joyful tidings of victory came
from the embattled Union host at Gettysburg. July 17, 1863, the regiment
was mustered out with Colonel Mark H. Wentworth, Lieutenant-Colonel
James M. Stone, and Major John D. Hill, field officers. George O. Dockman,
of Poland, was in Company B, Oren B. Webber and Alfred C. Webber, of
Lisbon, in Company F.

Ttoenty-Eighth Infantry Bef/iment. — This was organized at Augusta, Octo-
ber 18, 1862, for nine months' service. After remaining on the Atlantic
coast for a few months, it joined the Department of the Gulf and was, soon
after its arrival at New Orleans, stationed at Pensacola, Florida. After the
evacuation of that city, it returned to New Orleans and was ordered for
duty to Donaldsonville, Bayou La Fourche, and Plaquemine. May 27 six
companies were ordered to Port Hudson, the others remaining at New Orleans
and at Fort Butler at Donaldsonville. The Port Hudson detachment was
employed day and night for two weeks in building batteries and on picket
duty. It took part in the advance, June 14, but suffered no loss. June 22 it
made an unsupported and unsuccessful assault on the works with some loss.
June 28 the detachment under Major Bullen guarding and garrisoning Fort
Butler was attacked by a greatly superior force, which it bravely repulsed,
inflicting great loss. July 4 the Port Hudson contingent was ordered to Fort
Butler, arriving there the next day. July 10 the Twenty-eighth went to
Baton Rouge, from there, August 6, to Augusta, where it was mustered out
August 31, 1863. The field officers were: Ephraim W. Woodman, of Wilton,
colonel ; William E. Hadlock, of Cranberry Isles, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph D.
Bullen, of New Sharon, major. ]\[ajor Bullen was murdered by a member of
the Second Louisiana Regiment, July 5, the day after his gallant defense of
Fort Butler. ■

Tivcnty-Ninth Lifatitry Reyiment. — This was a veteran regiment, and much
of its material came from Androscoggin county. In fact, the First, Tenth, and

Military Affairs. 147

Twenty-ninth regiments could with much justice be styled one regiment.
Many of the men saw service in all three regiments, and the same familiar
faces were seen among the officers. Among the regimental officers were:
George L. Beal, colonel, also of the Tenth; Charles S. Emerson, of Auburn,
lieutenant-colonel; William Ivnowlton, of Lewiston, major ; Henry C. Cotton,
of Lisbon, assistant surgeon. Companies F, H, I, and K were principally
officered by Androscoggin men. Eight companies were organized at Augusta,
from November lo, 1863, to January 30, 18<M, to serve three years. ( -ompanies
A and D, in service in Tennessee as part of the Tenth Maine Battalion, were
transferred to complete the regimental organization, joining it at New Orleans,
where the regiment arrived Februar}^ 1(3, 18»)4. Taking part in the Red River
campaign, the regiment" rendered effective and brilliant service in the battles
of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, La., April 8 and 9, 1861. On April 23, the
action at Cane River Crossing was fought, where the Twenty-ninth aided in
driving the enemy. Soon after, at Alexandria, it assisted in building the
famous dam that saved the Federal fleet. After this it was in camp at
Morganzia Bend until ordered to join the Army of the Potomac in July.
Arriving in Washington July 12, it was made part of the iVrmy of the
Shenandoah, and was in all its marches and encounters with the Confederates,
including tlie battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, doing
gallant service. October 18, 1864, Company A was discharged at expiration
of service, and its place taken by the First Company of Unassigned Infantry,
organized at Augusta September 16, 1864, for one year's service. Major
Ivnowlton died September 20, 1864, from wounds received in the battle of
Winchester, and Captain George H. Nye commissioned in his stead. December
20, 1864, Major Nye was made colonel and took command of the regiment.
Colonel Beal having been commissioned brigadier-general. Adjutant John M.
Gould was now promoted to major. January 1, 1865, the Twenty-ninth was
encamped near Stephenson Depot, Va., and for over three months was on
special service at various points. April 20, 18<)5, it went to Washington, and
May 4 and 5 was on guard over the assassins of President Lincoln at Wash-
ington Arsenal. May 23 it participated in the grand review of the Army
of the Potomac at Washington. May 31, 1865, Company A and all whose
time expired before the next October, were ordered to be mustered out. June
1, 1865, the regiment proceeded to South Carolina, where it was divided into
detachments and stationed at various places, with headquarters at Darlington.
Its duties were here extremely arduous and consisted in part in investigating
complaints made by freedmen and planters, in making contracts between them,
and in the various unpleasant offices connected with the operation of the
Freedmen's Bureau and the reconstruction period. June 21, 1866, the regi-
ment was mustered out of the United States service at Hilton Head, S. C,
and paid off and discharged June 27, at Hart's Island in New York Harbor,

148

History of Androscoggin County.

ROSTER.

George H. Nye, Col,

Charles S. Emerson, Lieut-Col,

Win Knowlton, Maj., d Sept. 20, (i4,

George Knox, Chap., died Oct. 31, 04,

Chas H. Webster, Chap.,

Henry C. Cotton, Asst-Surg.,

C. H. Pettingill, Com.-Serg.,

John F. Chamberlain. Cora.-Serg.,

Horace N. Johnson, leader of band,

Roscoe G. Buck, band,

Adoniram B. Crafts, band,

Emery E. Larrabee, old A,

James Guiney, old A,

Leonard Jepson, old A,

Dudley F. Sanborn, old A,

Samuel N. Royal, old A,

James H. Thurston, old A,

Edward S. Butler, Capt., A,

Dennis E. Lowell, Serg., A,

Almon J. Gardner, Serg., A,

Samuel W. Lovell, Serg., A,

John Howarth, Mus., A,

William Ashton, A,

John C. Bridges, A,

George Bubier, Jr,

Dennis Farrell, A,

Alonzo Gipson, A,

"William Gipson, A,

Michael Joice, A,

Hiram Jordan, A,

Patrick Lahey, A,

Alzamon H. Maxwell, A,

John F. Murphy, A,

John Shehan, A,

John Sweeney, A,

Michael Sweeney, A,

F. D. Thompson, A,

Levi Thompson, A,

Ezra R. Wright, A,

Freedom H. Mander, 1st Lieut, A,

A. C. F. Stevens, 1st Serg., A,

George W. Noyes, Serg., A,

John Emerson, Serg., A,

Almon J. Gardner, Serg., A,

Henry H. Bailey, Corp., A,

Caiman H. Allen, Corp., A,

Fernando A. Blossom, A,

Selanus Decker, A,

David P. Field, A,

David Given, A,

Seth B. Johnson, A,

Isaac B. Martin, A,

Major B. Merrill, A, died Oct. 21, 18G4

Oren B. Merrow, A,

Aretas B. Penney, A,

Virgil P. Rounds, A,

Lewiston

Auburn

Lewiston

Lisbon
Auburn

Lewiston

Auburn

Azel Staples, Jr, A, Auburn

Simon M. Stevens, A, ,,

Arba H. Trufant, A, „

Wm R. Vickery, A, ,,

L. E. Woodl)ury, A, ,,

Chas W. Gerrish, Lieut, A, Lisbon

John Wallace, Serg., A, ,,

George S. Curtis, Serg., A, ,,
Edward J. Ander.son, A, died Oct. 13, 64, ,,

Zeba A. Ayer, A, ,,

Wm R. Garcelon, A, ,,

Thos S. Y'onland, A, ,,

Volney Leavitt, Corp., A, kd, 1804, Livermore

Marshall W. Child, A, ,,

Charles F. Ellis, A, „
Leonard F. Nash, A, died Oct. 21, 1804, „

Leeds

"Webster

Mechanic Falls

Webster

Turner

Durham

Poland

Lewiston

Henry T. Frost, Corp., A,

James H. Gardner, A,

Alonzo L. Tarr, A,

La F. Tenney, A,

Boynton C. Hewey, A,

Horatio G. Small, A,

Addis E. Luke, Corp., A,

Francis M. Allen, A,

Wm W. Holmes, A,

George C. Wheaton, A,

William McInto.sh, A,

Dexter D. Skinner, A,

G. P. McFaden, Serg., B,

Francis M. Chase, Serg., B,

Silas R. Cummings, Serg., B,

John F. Quimby, Sgt, B, d Mar. I'J, 66,

Barton H. Ross, Serg., B,

Levi B. Johnson, Corp., B, d July 20, 04,

Calvin G. Estes, Corp., B,

Eli Owen, Corp., B,

li'rank M. Furber, B, died Sept. 19, 04,

William McDonald, B,

Loring Parcher, B,

C. W. Patterson, B,

Henry W. Furbish, B,

Samuel R. Harris, B, died June 11, 64,

Jeremiah Sullivan, B,

Lewis McKinney, B,

David Parker, B,

Charles E. Piper, B, died July 15, 64,

Enoch Perkins, B,

Orlando C. Gamage, B,

William H. Starbird, B,

Josiah Keene, B,

Henry Shea, B,

Louville Smith, B, killed Oct. 19, 64,

George W. Gage, Corp., C,

Frank H. Nealley, C, „

John Goold, C, ' ,,

Charles McDonald, C, Auburn

Greene

Auburn

Turner

Leeds

Poland

Lewiston

Military Affairs.

149

Benjamin R. Irish, D, Auburn

Gbarles H. Jumper, Lieut, D, Lewiston

Daniel Flanders, Corp., D, ,,

Morris B. Hobbs, D, ,,

Nabum L. Hunt, D, ,,

Elmer Cbipman, D, Mechanic Falls

John A. Putman, D, Livermore

Amos Bucknam, D, Auburn

Edward Record, D, ,,

Henry K. Millett, Capt., E, ,,
Samuel T. Hill, D,

William Lowry, E, Lewiston

Levi M. Garcelon, Corp., E, East Livermore

Charles G. Smith, E, Lewiston
William Knowlton, Capt., F, pro Maj., ,,

Abel G. Rankin, Capt., F, ,,

Levi W. Harmon, Lieut, F, ,,
Harrison B. Winter, Lieut, F, died

June 26, 65, ,,

Harrison A. Tripp, Serg., F, ,,

George H. Gould, Serg., F, „
Charles H. Palin, Serg., F,

Charles W. Heney, Serg., F, Lewiston

James Low, Corp., F, ,,
Charles Dennett, Corp., F, d May 11, 64, ,,

C. H. Kenison, Corp., F, d Sept. 1, 64, ,,

Andrew Jackson, Corp., F, ,,

James M. Stevens, Corp., F, „

Gerry E. Coolidge, F, ,,

David Davis, F, ,,

Nathaniel Davis, F, died Sept. 5, 64, ,,

Fred A. Howard, F, ,,

John A. Kincaid, F, died Dec. 5, 64, ,,

John Maloney, F, ,,
Hugh McGlincb, F,

Harrison O. Plaise, F, died Apr. 12, 64, ,,

Charles Pray, F, died Aug. 20, 64, ,,

Dennis Roberts, F, died July 29, 64, ,,

Dudley F. Sanborn, F, ,,

Frank Stebbins, F, „

Mont. Tuttle, F, „

Loring Josselyn, Corp., F, Auburn

Enos H. Stevens, Serg., F, ,,
Caleb S. Gilbert, F,

Charles Gilmore, F, ,,

Isaac Hill, F, . „

Jacob L. Woodman, F, ,,

W. N. Martin, Corp., F, Minot
H. B. Johnson, F,

George F. Chandler, F, Lisbon

Levi W. Harmon, Lieut, G, Lewiston
Russell S. Worthing, G,

Frank Devereaux, G, Auburn

Joseph W. Parker, G, Danville

L. K. Lane, ,,

William C. Stevens, G, Greene

Zebedee Cushman, G, Minot

Granville Blake, Capt., H, Auburn

Nathan H. Landers, Lieut, H, ,,

Nath. F. French, Serg., H, d Oct. 9, 64, Auburn

Henry C. Pratt, Serg., H, „

George W. Herridon, Serg., H, „

George M. Roak, Serg., H, ,,

Edward H. Sawyer, Serg., H, ,,

Ira A. Kneeland, Corp., H, „

John C. Stevens, Corp., H, ,,

George P. Wyman, Corp., H, ,,
William H. Wentworth, Corp., H, died

August 9, 64, ,,

Samuel L. Stevens, Corp., H, ,,
William H. Brackett, Corp., H,

William H. Lunt, Corp., H, ,,

Roland W. Randall, Corp., H, ,,

William Bickerton, H, ,,

Fred N. Burrill, H, ,,

Albert H. Chamberlain, H, ,,

Adon. B. Crafts, 11, ,,
Eben Kneeland, H, died May 19, 64,

Daniel Davis, H, ,,
Winfield S. Walton, H, killed,

Albion A. Drake, H, ,,

Henry S. Drake, H, ,,
Asa H. Fish, H,

Adolphus S. Read, H, ,,
Charles B. Wentworth, H, d July 7, 64,
George B. Coburn, Lieut, H, Lewiston

Stephen K. Estes, Serg., H, ,,

Andrew J. Magill, Serg., H, ,,

Mark Grover, Corp., H, ,,

William H. Given, Mus., H, „

Joseph Brooks, H, „

Adelbert Holland, H, „

George D. Humphrey, H, ,,

Peter Lawrence, H, ,,

Edouard Legendre, H, ,,

Jules Legendre, H, „

Michael Locklin, H, „

Hiram W. Loring, H, „

John F. Donovan, H, ,,

Timothy Donovan, H, Auburn
Daniel Field, H, Lewiston

Lawrence Rourk, H, „

Holman Foss, H, ,,

John L. Hamlin, H, ,,

John Morton, H, ,,
Frank Thibault, H,

Hartwell S. French, Lieut, H, Turner

Samuel S. Butler, H, ,,
William B. Butler, H, died July 30, 64,

William W. Keene, H, „

William I. Hayford, H, „

Charles L. Metcalf, H, ,,

Charles A. Metcalf, Serg.,H, LLsbon

Fred S. My rick, H, „
John S. Merrill, H,
Robert L. Taylor, H,

Frank Dumas, H, Minot

Stephen Herbert, H, „

150

History of Androscoggin County.

Joseph St Hiliare, H, Minot

Charles S. Smith, H, d July 29, 64, Poland

Almon C. Pray, Capt., I, Auburn

C. H. Pettingill, Lieut, I, ,i

Augustus White, Serg., I, died in service, ,,
Edward H. Sawyer, Serg., I, ,.

Charles H. Crane, Serg., I, .,

George G. Philbrook, Serg., I, ,,

Cyrus B. Towusend, Corp., I, >>

Charles H. Welch, Corp., I, „

Frank H. Read, Mus., I, „

Augustus E. Briggs, I, »

A. A. Chamberlain, I, >>

Washington Martin, I, „

Charles T. Davis, I, Auburn

John T. Dennison, I, .,

Enoch L. Hall, I,

Augustus Noyes, I, „

Jona E. Piper, I, died Aug. 4, 04, ,,

Billings J. Hood, I,

Elbridge G. Snow, I, ,,

Martin L. Verrill, I, ,,

George White, I, ,,

Murray B. Watson, I, pro Lieut Militia, ,,
Isaac D. Yeaton, I, d Aug. 14, ()4, ,,

John L. Hoyt, Lieut, I, kd Oct.

19, 64,
H. L. Wadsworth, Corp., I, „

John Noonan, I, ,,

L. F. Paine, I, d May 8, 64, ,,

George S. Dickenson, I, ,,

A. J. Walton, I, killed, „

Allen Howarth, Serg., I,
Leonard O. Smith, Serg., I,
Harrison W. Smith, Serg., I,
Hugh Lyon, Serg., I,
James Donovan, Corp., I,
Daniel Donovan, Corp., I,
George B. Morrill, I,
Charles A. Deshon, F,
John A. Phelps, 1, died Apr. 27, 04,
Aratus Small, I,
Levi H. Webber, I,
Allen C. Snow, I,
Charles N. Ware, I,
Michael Sweeney, I,
Arza B. Webber, I,
Josiah H. Mower, Serg., I,
Henry Sanborn, Wag., I,
Aaron Mower, I (Lisbon),
Albion P. Mower, I,
William Donnell, I,
Gardner Smith. I,
Edsell A. Douglass, Corp., I,
Ezra Purinton, I,
George P. Moody, I,
Levi Robinson, I,

Jas. P. Sutherland, Corp,, I, d in service,
Gideon Hammond, I, died in service,

East Livermore

Lewiston
Auburn

Greene

Lisbon

Elias K. Webber, K,
Henry McFarland, I,
Eli Owen, I,
James H. Thurston, I,
Joshua M. Wagg, I,

Lisbon

Wales

Lewiston

Danville

Durham

Henry A. Wyman, I, d May 12, 64, Livermore
George H. Nye, Capt., K, Lewiston

Albert E. Kingsley, Capt., K, ,,
William Bagnall, Lt, K, d July 10, 64,

Charles H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,,

Jno. A. Willard, 1st Serg., K, ,,

Samuel H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,,

James E. Osgood, Serg., K, ,,

Thomas A. Thorn, Serg., K, „

Henry A. Smith, Serg., K, „

Jarvis T. Beal, Serg., K, ,,

Aaron T. Corliss, Serg., K, ,,

John Q. A. Jumper, Serg., K, ,,

George W. Bickford, Corp., K, ,,

John K. Morrill, Corp., K, pro Serg., ,,

James H. Walker, Corp., K, „

John Clear, Corp., K, ,,

Alph. B. Holland, Corp., K, „

Albert E. Hanson, Corp., K, ,,
Chester H. Thing, Corp., K,

Melvin Woodcock, Wag., K, ,,

John G. Annas, K, ,,

John S. B. Arris, K, „

Gilbert H. Bailey, K, band, ,,

James Baloff, K, ,,

James B. Blackstone, K, „

S. C. Blackstone, K, „

Houghton Bond, K, ,,

William Bray, K, „

Richard Butler, K, ,,

Thomas Kelley, K, ,,

Em. E. Larrabee, K, „

James E. Magner, K, ,,

Elias Maloon, K, ,,

Frederick Miller, K, ,,

John E. McDonald, K, „

Plummer R. Nevens, K, ,,

Frederick Palmer, K, „

Patrick Collins, K, ,, .

Thomas A. Emmons, K, „
Joseph Flood, K, died July 21, 64,

Harry Freeman, K, ,,
Willis Goodridge, K, died June 18, 64,

William T. Graffam, K, ,,

Charles A. Hanson, K, ,,

Isaac W. Hodsdon, K, „

Arthur T. Jacobs, K, ,,

Leonard Jepson, K, ,,

Albert W. Potter, K, „

Andrew J. Russell, K, „

George N. Spates, K, ,,

Cassius R. Stevens, K, „

Lorenzo Parker, K, „

Leroy Tarr, K, i „

Military Affairs.

151

John E. Cutter, Serg.

K,

Webster

Robert A. Woodbury,

K,

,,

Solomon Dyer, K,

Danville

Samuel N. Royal, K,

Wales

Charles N. Warren, K

,

Minot

George A. Knox,

Greene

Sylvanus A. Stevens,

Auburn

Jonathan L. Stevens,

,,

Joseph A. Starbird,

Lisbon

Fred A. Tiffany, K, died July 29, 64, Lewiston
Otis Webber, K,

George M. Williams, K, „

John C. Wright, K, ,,

Hartwell S. French, Lieut, K, Turner

Albert N. Jones, K, ,,

Benjamin A. Eaton, Serg., K, Greene

V. P. Dillingham, Corp., K, ,,
Alpheus G. Stewart, K, died May 1. 64, ,,

Thirtieth Infantry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta from
December 12, 1863, to January 8, 1864, for three years' service. Francis
Fessenden, of Portland, was colonel ; Thomas H. Hubbard, of Ilallowell,
lieutenant-colonel; Royal E. Whitman, of Turner, major; Josiah C'arr, of
Minot, surgeon ; and Simeon C. Higgins, of Turner, chaplain. Companies A,
E, G, and K brought a large contingent from Androscoggin county. It went
direct to the Army of the Galf, leaving I'ortland, February 7, and after a
month's rest in camp at Franklin, J^a, entered upon the Red River
campaign. It had much effective and veteran material in its composition, and
within a month from this time it did honorable work in the battles of Sabine
Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill. April 23, the Thirtieth took a prominent part
in the engagement at Cane River Crossing, driving the Confederates from a
position considered impregnable.' From May 22 to July 2, the regiment was
in camp at Morganzia Bend, and soon thereafter was sent to Virginia, and not
long after arrival joined the Army of the Shenandoah at Harper's Ferry. In
September the brigade was detached from its division for arduous and
responsible duties, and thus the Thirtieth was debarred from sharing in the
victories of September and October, although without its service of moving
and guarding valuable supply trains, the victories could not have been won.
January 8, 1865, the regiment was joined at its camp in Winchester by three
companies of re-enlisted men and recruits of the Thirteenth Maine, assigned to
this regiment by special order issued November 18, 1864. The consolidation
was completed in January under the immediate orders of General Sheridan,
the Thirtieth forming seven companies and retaining the field and staff officers.
The men of the Thirteenth were organized into a battalion of three companies,
commanded by officers of their own regiment, and became Companies B, H,
and K in the Thirtieth. This regiment formed part of tlie line of sentinels
around Washington during the search for the assassins of President Lincoln,
and did guard duty at Washington Arsenal while the trial of the conspirators
was conducted there. May 22 it took part in the grand review of the Army
of the Potomac, and later was on duty at Savannah, Ga, until mustered out
August 20, 1865.

May 12, 1864, Colonel Fessenden was promoted to brigadier-general. His
successor. Colonel Hubbard, resigned July 23, 1865, and in August the field

1 At this battle Colonel Fessenden lost a leg.

152

History of Androscoggin County.

officers were commissioned thus: Royal E. Whitman, colonel; George W.
Randall, lieutenant-colonel; Horace C. Haskell, major.

roster.

Royal E. Whitman, Major, pro Lieut-Col

and Col, Turner

Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot

Simon C. Higgins, Chaplain, Turner

Charles B. Rounds, Q. M. S., Danville

Horace C. Haskell, Capt., A, pro Major, Turner
Benjamin F. Reals. Serg., A,
William H. Washburn, Serg., A,
Jacob Keene, Jr, Mus., A,
Ronello B. Keene, Mus., A,
Phil A. Bradford, A, died Aug. 7, 04,
Seth D. Bradford, A, died April 22, 04,
Asa L. Berry, A, died July 2, 64,
Jason Cutler, A, died July 9, 64,
John C. Carver, A,
James M. Fish, A,

Oscar L. Johnson, A, killed in action,
Albert P. Leavitt, Corp., A,
William W. Noyes, Lieut, A,

pro Capt., E, East Livermore

A. H. S. Garcelon, A, died, ,, ,,

Thomas E. Nason, A, ,, ,,

Francis E. Dwinel, 1st Lieut, A, Minot

Ronello C. Dwinal, Corp., A, ,,

George W. Currier, A, Hosp. Steward, ,,

Charles B. Davis, A, kd April 23, 64,
Darius Holt, A, ,,

Charles Martin, A, ,,

F. E. Riggs, A, died in service, ,,

Edward K. Verrill, A, ,,

Elbridge M. Yeaton, A, died in service, ,,
Jabez T. Denning, Serg., A, Poland

Charles W. Jordan, Srg., A, d July 11, 64, ,,
Thomas S. Bridgham, A, ,,

John W. Deguis, A, ,,

William H. Fuller, A, ,,

Albert Griffin, A,

Augustus M. Jackson, A, d July 11, 64, ,,
Edward F. Ross, A,

Richard W^eston, A, ,,

Charles L. Field, 1st Serg., A, Danville

Orrin Emerson, Corp., A, pro Serg.,

trans V. It. C, ,,

Martin Franklin, Corp., A, ,,

Charles Coding, A, ,,

Alvin L. Coding, A,

Pemliroke Haskell, A, i^ro Corp., ,,

Nicholas Leighton, A,

Alvah Leighton, A, ,,

John J. Marston, A, ,,

Luther H. Morgan, A, trans V. R. C, ,,
Charles B. Rounds, A, ,,

Amos O. Witliam, A, died in service, ,,

Francis S. Brown, A, Livermore

Cyrus M. Barrows, Serg., A, ,,

George W. Bobbins, Corp., A, ,,
William H. H. Goding, Corp., A,
Charles H. Harrington, Corp., A, died

July 24, ()4,
Elisha C. Fuller, Serg., A,

William A. Hyde, Wagoner, A, ,,

Francis S. Brown, A, ,,

Isaac D. Fuller, A, ,,

Corydon L. Hyde, A, died Aug. 7,64, ,,

Joseph E. Hyde, A, died Aug. 26, 64, „
Charles W. Keith, A,

Roscoe F. Merrill, A, died in service, ,,

William S. Moore, Corp., A, ,,

Alden L. Norton, A, ,,

George F. Rollins, A, ,,

Frank Roberts, A, died in captivity, ,,

Llewellyn C Vining, A, d in service, ,,
Amsbra Bubier, A, Lewiston

Allen C. Ford, A, died in service, Danville

Franklin Hackett, A, ,,

John M. Stockwell, Corp., A, Lewiston

Joseph M. Curtis, A, kd April 9, 64, Leeds

Thomas G. Pratt, A, Greene

Alfred Richardson, G, ,,

Stillman Bond, C, trans to G, ,,
William H. Starbird, G,

Charles H. Lowell, Corp., C, tr to G, ,,

Joseph P. Tripp, C, Poland
Geo. F. Newell, Corp., D, k in action. Auburn

Sumner N. Strout, Lieut, E, killed, Durham

Nath. D. Chase, Serg.. E, ,,

Preston R. Strout, Corp., E, ,,

Albert Owen, Serg., E, „

Albert Crockett, E, „

Ezekiel S. Brown, E, ,,

John Merrill, E, died in service, ,,

George L. Macomber, E, ,,

Samuel Newell, E, trans to V. R. C, ,,

Cyrus A. Roak, E, "

Willard J. Fi.sh, E, Leeds
Kirke W. Moses, Capt., G, Lewiston

Jos. W. Harville, Serg., G, pro Lieut, "
William F. Forbes, Serg., G,
Elbridge G. Thomas, 1st Serg., G,
George W. Goodbehere, Serg., G, pro

Serg. -Major, ,,
Nathan D. Colder, Corp., G,

James R. Braley, Corp., G, ,,

Jacob E. Brown, G, died in service, ,,

Moses A. Dunton, G, ,,
John Holland, Jr, G, d in rebel prison, ,,

Military Affairs.

153

John B. Lucas, G, died in service,

Charles H. Ward, G,

Justin K. Richardson, Lieut, G,

Bracket.t M. Field, Corp., G,

Asa Garcelon, G,

Moses A. Briggs, G,

George H. Cooledge, G,

John Casey, G, trans to A.

Phil H. Fernald, G, died in service,

Charles H. Colby, G,

Albert Urinkwater, G,

John C. Jordan, G,

Franklin F. Robinson, Corp., G,

Almon Fogg, G, died in service,

Charles B. Beal, G,

William E. Longley, G,

Orrin Furbush, G,

Llew^ellyn O. Foster, G,

John H. Hanscomb, G,

Hiram Jewell, G,

Albert F. Gilmore, G,

William O. Parlin, G,

Wm M. B. Hasey, H, died in service,

Hiram Polly, H,

Thomas B. Edgecomb, H, trans to A,

Francis T. Page, I, trans to V.R. C,

Alba C. Hicks, I,

John Little, I,

Nathan Smith, I,

Chandler B. Bailey, Lieut, G, transferred

from K,
George E. Bartlett, K, trans to E,
Ichabod Goodrich, K, trans to G,
Cyrus Oliver, K, trans to G,
John E. Oliver, K, trans to G,
Richard J. Cook, K, killed, E

Lewiston

Samuel P. Tripp, A, died in captivity,

Minot

,,

Sylvester D. Brown, A, East Livermore

Turner

Charles A. Fogg, A,

Greene

Danville

Francis A. Libby, A,

Lewiston

"

Charles S. Ricker, A,

Auburn

Auburn

Edgar D. Swett, A,

Turner

Livermore

Charles 0. Warren, A, trans from H,

Lewiston

,,

Joseph O. G. Nichols, Serg., B,

Auburn

,,

Freeman L. Jackson, B,

,,

W ebster

James M. Ramsdell, B,

ji

jj

Charles L. Connor, Mus., B,

Lewiston

,,

George H. Clark, Mus., B,

,,

,,

John McNulty, B, trans from K,

,,

Greene

Joshua Harmon, B,

Webster

,,

Harrison D. Lowell, B,

Greene

J,

Charles Holt, D,

Lewiston

J,

Edwin Smith, E, trans from K,

jj

Wales

Charles Dingman, K, trans from B,

jj

,,

William H. Garcelon, G,

Webster

,,

James E. Weymouth, G,

Wales

Leeds

Albert N. Ames, Lieut, K,
Wesley Carville, K,

Lewiston

Lisbon

Robert England, K,
Augustus O. Fish, K,
Luther Litchfield, K,

Leeds

John P. Murphy, K,

Lewiston

Charles L. Newton, K,

,,

Daniel Severance, K,

,,

Jesse F. Swett, K,

rred

Isaac G. Tarr, K,

Turner

Patrick Flynn, K,

Lewiston

Josiah Jones, K,

Lisbon

,,

George I. Storer, K,

Auburn

,,

G. F. Hodgdou, East Livermore

,,

C. F. Fogg,

,,

Livermore

R. S. Clark,

)>

TJurt^-Flrst Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was organized from March
1, 1864, to April 29, 1864, to serve three years. The colonelcy was given to
George Varney, who soon declined to serve, and Thomas Hight, of Augusta, a
graduate of West Point, was commissioned in his stead. Stephen C Talbot,
of Machias, became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Daniel White, of Company
A, advanced to major. Richard R. Ricker, of Minot, was assistant surgeon.
Joining the Army of the Potomac on May 6, the regiment lost heavily in the
battle of the Wilderness, and on May 12 was in that of Spottsylvania, where
its loss was great. For six days thereafter it was under fire. May 21 it
marched to the Po river, thence to the North Anna, which it crossed on
May 24 under the enemy's fire. Skirmishing for several days, on June 1 was
fought the battle of Tolopotomoy, and June 3 ensued the hotly-contested
engagements at Bethesda Church, where fifteen were killed and thirty-nine
wounded. For its gallantry here it received from General Griffin, command-
ing brigade, this compliment: " The Thirty-first Maine has made for itself a

154

History of Androscoggin County.

most brilliant record, and won for its officers and men imperishable renown."
The regiment was at Cold Harbor the next day, and under fire and in frequent
skirmishes until the twelfth, suffering greatly from the shells and sharpshooters
of the Confederates. On the seventeenth it took part in the assault and
capture of the Confederate works at Petersburg, and remained under fire,
losing many men, until the thirtieth, when the regiment was assigned to an
important position in the memorable action of that day, and its soldiers were
the first to enter the rebel works. Here Colonel White was taken prisoner.
From this time until August 18, the Thirty-first was on picket duty within
range of the enemy's guns. At the battle of Poplar Spring Church, Sep-
tember 30, it did grand service. Later it garrisoned Fort Fisher, where it was
joined by the Fourth and Sixth companies of unassigned infantry organized at
Augusta in October, 1864, for one year. These became companies L and M of
the Thirty-first. In December, 485 soldiers of the 'J'hirty-second were consol-
idated with this regiment. April 2 it was engaged in an assault on the enemy's
works, and lost heavily. From April 20 until July 15, 1865, when it was
mustered out, the Thirty-first was in camp at Alexandria. The Official Army
Register says that Colonel Hight was discharged July 2, 1864, and Lieutenant-
Colonel Stephen C. Talbot discharged July 6, 1864. Colonel Daniel White
was commissioned July 8, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Edward L. Getchell com-
missioned October 21, 1864, and brevetted colonel April 2, 1865; Major George
A. Bolton, commissioned November 23, 1864, and brevetted lieutenant-colonel,
April 2, 1865. Captain Ebenezer S. Keyes was brevetted major, April 2, 1865.

ROSTER.

Rich R. Ricker, Asst Surgeon,
Ansel L. Brooks, B, from 32d,
Caleb W. Battles, B, from .32d,
Wesley C. Herrick, B,
Granville R. Herrick, B, from 32il,
Rufus W. Herrick, Corp., B, from .32d
Ronello S. Herrick, B, from 32d,
Charles Seavey, B, from 32d,
Benjamin F. Thurston, B, from32d,
Caleb Battles, B, from 32d,
Charles M. Cobb, C, from ;52d,
Alphonso I'ulcifer, C, from 32d,
Benj. F. Roberts, Corp., C, from 32d,
Robert J. Arris, D, from 32d,
.John W. Abbott, D, from 32d,
Forrest E. Bisbee, D, from 32d,
Lora H. Collins, Serg., D, from32d,
Leonard G. Dingley, D, from 32d,
John Dyer, D, from 32d, tr to V. R. C,
Charles S. Dyer, D, from .ad,
Charles H. Goodwin, D, from 32d,
John L. Ham, Serg., D, from 32d,
Alvah N. Ham, Corp., D, from 32d,
John Joyce, D, from 32d,

Minot

Leeds
Poland

Livermore
Poland

Durham

Lewiston

Timothy Kennedy, D, from .32d, Lewiston

Henry C. Litchfield, D, from 32d, „
Henry M. Lord, D, from 32d, ' „
A. K. P. Marston, D, from 32d,
Alg. M. Mitchell, D, fr 32d, tr V. R. C,
Cleveland B. Merrill, D, from .32d,

Lewis F. Mixer, D, from .32d, „

William H. Nevens, D, from 32d, ,,
C. N. Pettengill, 1st Serg., D, from ;?2d, ,,

Moses W. Tarr, D, from .32d, ,,

Hiram K. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,,

Charles E. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,,

James F. Tarbox, D, from 32d, ,,

Daniel Tarbox, Jr, D, from .32d, ,,
Josiah H. Witham, D, from 32d,

Frank Wright, D, from 32d, ,,

Benjamin Witham, D, from 32d, ,,

Andrew J. Bryant, D, from 32d, Turner

Hiram A. Conant, D, from 32d, ,,

Cephas J. Fish, D, from 32d, ,,

Albion Hood, Wagoner, D, from 32d, ,,

Daniel G. Harlow, D, from 32d, „

Mellen N. Jones, D, from 32d, „

Fred I. Johnson, D, from 32d, „

Military Affairs.

155

Oliver N. Leavitt, D, from o2d,
Alvora S. Pease, D, from .Had,
Isaac Phillips, D, from o2d,
Ossian C. Phillips, D, from 32d,
George Sylvester, D, from 32d,
John W. Beokler, D, from 32d,
Loren W. Morse, D, from .">2d,
Ejias A. Morse, D, from 32d,
Hebron Norton, D, from 32d,
Thomas M. Pratt, D, from 32d,
Rogers A. Foss, Corp., D, from 32d,
Andrew J. Gould, D, from 32d,
Luther M. Smith, D, from 32d,
Augustus Smith, D, from 32d,
Francis E. Salisbury, D, from .32d,
Solomon Anderson, E, from ;>2d,
David II. Stevens, E, from 32d,
James S. Townsend, E, from 33d,
Albert Bessey, E, from 32d,
Charles T. Bailey, E, from 32d,
Alonzo D. Edgecomb, E, from 32d,
Henry R. Merrill, E, from 32d,
Israel C. Taylor, E, from .32d,

Turner

Livermore

Lisbon

Auburn

Webster
Lewiston
Livermore

Gilbert Winslow, E, from 32d, Livermore

Mark A. Ilerrick, G, from 32d, Poland

Charles W. Verrill, G, from 32d, died in

rebel prison, July 15, 65, ,,

Charles II. Judkins, G, from .32d, Lewiston

S. S. T. Marriner, G, from 32d, died

Dec. 1, C)4, in rebel prison, ,,

Albert A. Palmer, G, from 32d,
George V. Rose, G, from .32d, Livermore

Michael Sullivan, H, from .32d, died

March 20, 65, Lewiston

Almon Strout, H, from 32d, died in

captivity, Poland

Charles M. Labree, I, from .32d, Wales

James B. Richardson, K, from 32d, ,,

Charles B. Rounds, 1st Lieut, K, from

32d, pro Captain, Danville

Charles W. Wills, K, from 32d, Durham

Edward Higgins, L, Lewiston

Jones L. Haskell, Musician, L, ,,

Joseph C. Norris, D, died in rebel

prison, East Livermore

Woodbury S. Libby, F, Minot

Thirty-Second Infantry Re<iiment. — Tliis was organized under the call of
the President made February 1, 1864, and organized at Augusta from March 3
to May 6, Company D coming from Androscoggin. Mark F. Wentworth, of
Kittery, was colonel; John M. Brown, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel; Arthur
Deering, of Richmond, major. Owing to the demand for troops in the field,
six companies, under command of Major Deering, left for Virginia, April 20.
They were assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army
Corps, and marched to Bristow Station, April 27. May 5, in connection with
the Ninth New Hampshire, they covered the rear of the army and marched
twenty-five miles to the Kappahannock, losing many who were taken prisoners.
The march continued until May 12, when in the battle of Spottsylvania, which
continued for days, they rendered valiant and valuable service in the most
exposed part of the lines. They crossed the North Anna under heavy
cannonading, threw up three lines of works, and were joined by the balance of
the regimental organization. At Cold Harbor the regiment lost heavily June 3,
and June 17 captured a line of the rebels' works at Petersburg. On the
nineteenth, advancing two or three miles the regiment erected fortifications,
the men digging the earth with bayonets and putting it in place with dippers
and their hands. Here it remained until the fort in front was blown up, when
it took a most active part in the charge which followed the explosion. In this
it lost eleven officers and one hundred men killed, wounded, and taken
prisoners. September 30 a bloody battle occurred near Pegram House between
this regiment and a numerous enemy, in which it was completely routed and
nearly annihilated by the greatly superior force. December 12 the Thirty-
second was consolidated with the Thirty-first Kegiment.

156

History of Androscoggin County.

Colonel Wentwortli was discharged October 18, 1864, Lieutenant-Colonel
John M. Brown September 12, 1864, Lieutenant-Colonel James L. Hunt and
Major Deering December 12, 1864.

ROSTER.

James B. Walker, Com. Sergeant, Turner
Joseph M. Litchfield, Hosp. Stewd, Lewiston

Caleb W. Battles, B, Leeds

Ansel F. Brooks, B, Minot
Caleb Battles, B, Livermore

Ronello S. Herrick, B, Poland

Joseph H. Reed, B, ,,

Charles Seavey, B, ,,

Benjamin F. Thurston, B, ,,

Jacob Thurston, 15, died July 9, 04, „

Kufus W. Herrick, B, trans from C, ,,

Sylvester F. Jordan, C, pro 1st Serg., Lisbon

Charles ISL Cobb, C, Poland

Alphonzo Pulcifer, C, ,,
Benjamin F. Roberts, C, Durham
Wm R. Ham, Capt., D, k June 3, (54, Lewiston
John ISL Jackson, Serg., D, pro Lieut, C, ,,

James H. Sprowl, Serg., D, ,,

John L. Ham, Serg., D, ,,
Wm H. Mace, Corp., D, d July 23, CA,

Walter S. Hodges, Corp., D, ,,

William H. Nevens, Corp., D, ,,

Robert J. Arris, D, ,,

John W. Abbott, D, ,,

Forest E. Bisbee, D, „

Lora H. Collins, D, ,,

Leonard (i. Dingley, D, ,,

Sewall G. Darling, D, died May 26, 64, „

John Dyer, D, ,,

Charles S. Dyer, D, ,,

Charles H. Goodwin, D, ,,
Alvah N. Ham, D,

(ieorge A. Hodgdon, D, died May, 64, ,,

John Joyce, D, ,,

Warren C. Knowles, D, died Sep. 4, 64, ,,

Timothy Kennedy, D, ,,

J lenry (^ Litchfield, D, „

Benjamin B. Larrabee, D, k June .'?, 64, ,,

Henry M. Lord, D, ,,

Albion K. Mai-ston, 1), ,,
Sylvanus D. Mitchell, D, d July 11, 64,

Algernon M. Mitchell, D, ,,

Cleaveland B. Merrill, D, ,,

Lewis F. Mixer, D, ,,

C. N. Pettengill, I), pro Serg., ,,

Moses W. Tarr, D, ,,

Hiram S. Tibbetts, D, died May 1!), 64, ,,

Hiram K. Tliompson, D, ,,

Charles E. Thompson, D, ,,

James F. Tarbox, D, „

Daniel Tarbox, D, ,,

Frank Wright, D, Lewiston

Josiah H. Witham, D, ,,

Benjamin Witham, D, ,,

Charles B. Rounds, Lient, D, Danville
Augustine W. Stinchfield, D, died

October 24, 64,
James J. Chase, Lieut, D, promoted

1st Lieut, K, Turner

Hiram A. Conant, Corp., D, ,,

Fred T. Johnson, Mus., D, ,,

Albion Hood, Wagoner, D, „

Andrew J. Bryant, D, ,,
Charles B. Chandler, D,

Cephas J. Fish, D, ,,

Daniel G. Harlow, D, ,,

Mellen N. Jones, D, ' ,,

Oliver N. Leavitt, D, ,,

Alvora S. Pease, D, „

Isaac Phillips, D, ,,

Ossian C. Phillips, D, ,,

Judson Pratt, D, ,,

Francis Snell, D, died Aug. 29, 64, ,,

George Sylvester, D, ,,

James B. Walker, D, pro Com. Serg., ,,

Lloyd Q. Arnold, Serg., D, Lisbon

Rogers A. Foss, Corp., D, ,,

George A. Cole, D, ,,

Andrew J. Gould, D, died in service, ,,
Albert Small, D, died May 14, 64,

Luther M. Smith, D, „

Augustus Smith, D, ,,

F. E. Salisbury, D, ,,

Chas. E. Cole, Sgt, D, k July 30, 64, Livermore
Henry B. Rose, Corp., D, k June 1, 64, ,,

Charles H. Atwood, D, d Aug. 5, 64, ,,
John W. Beckler, D,

Lorin W. Morse, D, ,,

Elias A. Morse, D, ,,

Charles Morse, D, died June 25, 64, ,,

Hebron Norton, Corp., D, ,,
Thomas M. Pratt, D,

Fred H. Nevens, Corp., D, Auburn

Michael McCarthy, D, ,,

Maynard G. Davis, D, k May 12, 64, Poland

Joseph C. Norris, D, d. East Livermore

Henry W. Richards, E, kd 1864, „ „

Charles Gibbs, Serg., E, Livermore

John W. Bigelow, Serg., E, ,,

Alonzo D. Edgecomb, E, ,,

Albert Bessey, E, Webster

Henry R. Merrill, E, Livermore

Military Affairs.

157

Israel C. Taylor, E,

Livermore

Gilbert Winslow, E,

,,

diaries T. Duly, E,

Lewiston

James T. Tarbox, E,

,,

James B. Ridley, E,

Auburn

David H. Stevens, E,

,,

James S. Townsend, E,

jj

Solomon Anderson, E,

,,

Mark A. Herrick, G,

Poland

Charles W. Verrill, G,

,,

Charles H. Judkins, G,

Lewiston

S. S. T. Marriner, G,

,,

Albert A. Palmer, G,

George V. Rose, G,

Daniel Constantine, H,

Michael Sullivan, H,

Charles E. Phillips. H, d July '27, (54

Almon Strout, H,

Charles M. Labree, I,

David R. Plummer, K, died July 25,

James B. Richardson, K, ,,

E. B. Lovejoy, East Livermore

E. Goodrich, „ „

Lewiston

Livermore

Lewiston

Turner
Poland
Wales
64,

First Veteran Volunteers. — This regiment was formed August 21, 1864, at
Charlestown, Va, by consolidating the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh battalions, and
engaged in battle the same day. It fought at Winchester, September 19,
Fisher's Hill, September 21, and took its part in all the marches of the Shenan-
doah Valley campaign, and in the action at Cedar Creek, October 19. From
January 1, 1865, to March 25, it did duty along the lines in front of
Petersburg. On the last-mentioned day the regiment took part in the
successful assault on the Confederate lines near Fort Fisher as part of the
Sixth Corps, and then was placed on the right of General Hyde's line to
protect that flank. Several attacks were made upon it, until, charging with
Warren's brigade, the regiment carried all before it and took many prisoners.
April 2 it was the second line of Hyde's brigade, the point of "the Sixth
Corps wedge," which General Meade said decided the fate of Richmond,
and its colors were among the first on the rebel works and before daybreak.
Being ordered at once to Hatcher's Run, it there captured many prisoners
and munitions of war. Here Captain Merrill and fourteen men, after a
brisk fight, captured seventy-nine Confederates, an entire company of sharp-
shooters. The same day the regiment took active part in storming the
battery at Lee's headquarters, and continued in brilliant skirmishes across
the Appomattox until the day closed in full victory. It was engaged in
the pursuit of Lee's retreating army, in receiving Lee's surrender, and,
April 26, in the bloodless occupation of Danville. Here Colonel Hyde was
appointed military governor, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher provost-marshal.
Remaining here nearly a month, it marched to Washington, took part in the
grand review. May 23, and June 28, 1865, was mustered out of the United
States service. Returning to Maine, it was finally discharged July 3, 1865.
Colonel Thomas W. H3^de was commissioned October 22, 1864, and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Stephen C. Fletcher, November 6, 1864. Captains Charles T.
Witherell and Albert A. Nickerson were brevetted major October 19, 1864,
and Captain Augustus Merrill brevetted major April 2, 1865. Major Alex-
ander B. Sumner, brevetted lieutenant-colonel April 2, 1865, was discharged
June 16, 1865.

158

History of Androscoggin County.

ROSTER.

Alonzo Adley, Serg., A, Lewistou

John Dow, A, ,,

Albert G. Dunham, A, ,,

Charles Ilicks, A, ,,

Albert R. Turner, A, ,,

Philander C. Towns, A, d Nov. 14, (J4, ,,
Augustus A. Dwiual, Sgt, A, pro Lt, G, Minot

Albert A. Gilbert, A, Turner

Davis M. Merrill, A, ,,
Henry H. Hutchinson, 1st Serg., A, Poland

Cyrenus P. Stevens, 1st Serg., A, Greene

Francis M. Bragdon, B, tr to G, Poland

Wellington H. Dwinal, B, „

Joseph Q. Edmonds, B, „

John Fardy, B, ,,

Charles E. Harris, Corp., pro Serg., B, ,,

Almon H. Hutchinson, B, „

Levi F. Jordan, B, ,,

Arthur M. Brown, Corp., B, Minot

Harrison J. Dwinal, B, ,,

William H. Morse, Corp., B, „

Joseph Layet, G, ,,

Joseph Jones, H, Turner

Lewis Gordon, H, Poland

Philip Sullivan, H, Livermore

Ira Emery, A, ,,

Frank F. Goss, Corp., B, Danville
David Small, B,

Albert W. Hinds, Corp., B, Turner

David H. Jones, B, Auburn

Samuel W. Taylor, B, Wales

Nathaniel Haskell, B, Lewiston

W. M. Larrabee, B, ,,

Lemont Manning, B, ,,

Charles H. Manning, B, ,,

Thomas Nugent, B, „

Isaiah Purrington, B, ,,

Daniel Shehau, Corp., B, „

Henry Thompson, B, ,,

Thomas Ward, Corp., B, ,,

William Kelley, B, Greene

George W. Verrill, Corp., D, kd, G4, Minot

Silas Crooker, D, ,,

William B. Ru.sli, I), Lewiston

John Barrett, D, ,,

McGIoire Gosslin, D, kd Sept. 22, (J4, „

Baptist Marcho, D, ,,

Thomas Ripley, D, ,,

Edward Valrend, D, ,,

James (Iraham, C, Turner

Jolin O'Donnell, E, Auburn

David N. Landers, F, Auburn

Barzilla Wilson, F, Webster

George N. Thurlow, Corp., F, Lewiston

Charles H. Hodgdon, G, Wales

John W». Adams, G, Auburn

Walter Eckhart, G,
Robert Henneke, Corp., G,
Paul H. Ingwerson, G,
John F. M. Lahrssehn, G,
Joseph Plant, G,
Carl Yahr, G,
Welcome Beals, G, Turner

Enos Corey, G, Lewiston

Nathan R. Turner, G, ,,

George H. Fuller, G, Livermore

Dominicus Libby, G, k May 6, 64, Danville

Charles W. Longfellow, G, Greene

William H. Larrabee, 1st Lieut, H, Danville
George B. JSUoore, Qm.-Serg.. Lisbon

John B. Cook, Capt., I, dis for pro, Lewistou
Benjamin F. Mower, I, Greene

James W. Libby, Serg., K, Leeds

Albert M. Rose, Corp., K, ,,

Charles H. Smith, Lewistou

Elijah R. Smith,
John Collins, K,
Jordan G. Carville, Serg., K, pro Lt,

20 Co.,
^Merrill J. Hibbard, K,
James McCabe, K,
Felix McHanuan, K,
John Magner, K, kd Oct. H), 1804,
James Mohegan, K,
George Morgan, Corp., K,
William S. Real, K,
James Cain, K,
John Carney, K,
John Hammond, K,
Leopole Shillott, K,
Thomas Willett, K,
Dennis Harris, Corp., K, Greene

San ford R. Knox, K, ,,

George F. Hodgdon, Corp., K, Livermore

Allen F. Plummer, K, Wales

jNIarcus M. Small, K, tr to I, East Livermore
William H. Whitney, K, d of wds, f)4, Lisbon
Lyman E. Bessey, Lewiston

Charles A. Hatch, Auburn

Thomas J. Thurston, A, Lewiston

Harland Page, E, Greene

Thomas Quinn, E, ,,

First Infantrij Battalion. — This was organized May 25, 1865, at Augusta,
from four unassigned companies recruited for one year's service and originally
designed for the Fifteenth Regiment. The companies were lettered A, B, C,

Military Affairs.

159

and D, and of these Company C had quite a proportion of Androscoggin
county men. The battalion was assigned to the Second brigade of Dvvight's
division, and commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Calvin S. Brown. It was on
duty in the Shenandoah Valley, and later at different places in South Carolina,
until April 5, 1866, when its term expired and it was mustered out of United
States service.

ROSTER.

Royal A. Bray, Capt., C, Turner

John E. Ashe, 1st Lieut, C, ,,

William E. Alden, Corp., C, ,,

Sanford Conant, C, ,,

Luther K. Carey, C, pro Com. Serg., ,,

Algernon H. Davis, C, died in service, ,,

Henry Donham, C, died in service, ,,
Alvah N. Dexter, C,

Alonzo Fuller, C, ,,
Edwin S. French, Corp., C,died in service, ,,

Horace J. Gilbert, Corp., C, „

Samuel J. Oilman, Corp., C, ,,

Frank Kilgore, C, Turner

Thaddeus Leavitt, 1st Serg., C, ,,

Liacius Libby, C, ,,

Orpheus M. Leonard, C, died in service, „
Albert Ladd, C, ,,

Mellen Merrill, C,
Edward Shurtleif, Serg., C,
Charles H. Thayer, Sei'g., C, „

Eraslus E. Gilbert, B, died in service, Leeds
Lorenzo D. Stinchfield, B, Lewiston

Samuel F. Coffin, Mus., C, Turner

First Heavii Artillery (Eighteenth Infantry Kegiment). — This regiment
was organized at Bangor and Augusta, August 21, 1862, for three years, as the
Eighteenth Kegiment of infantry, changed to heavy artillery and designated
the First Heavy Artillery Regiment in December, 1862. Two additional com-
panies were organized — one in January, the other in February, 1864. The
original members were mustered out June 6, 1865, and the organization,
composed of veterans and recruits of this regiment, with accessions from the
Seventeenth and Nineteenth Infantry regiments, remained in service until
mustered out, September 11, 1865. No regiment more gallantly acquired its
laurels. May 19, 1864, at Fredericksburg Pike, it lost in less than three hours
in killed and wounded, 476 officers and men, yet never wavered nor faltered
till night fell and checked the carnage. The Adjutant-General's Report of
1864 says of one of its engagements at Petersburg:

June 18, 1864. Advanced on the enemy's works and carried two lines in the vicinity of
the O'Haire house. In the afternoon the command was massed with the brigade to assault
that portion of the enemy's line considered too strong to carry in the raoruiug — the regi-
ment in three battalions constituting the three front lines. Works had been constructed,
arranged to sweep by direct and enfilade fires every foot of the intervening j^lain. Upon
the word "Forward," the first lines moved forward. The First Battalion was swept away
by the deadly fire of the enemy before it had advanced one hundred yards, whole
companies reeled before the fury of the shock, yet the gallant few went on as if devoted to
death. Unsupported they pressed forward, a few getting within forty yards of the enemy's
breastworks, when, more than two-thirds of the regiment being either killed or wounded,
the order was given to fall back. Should the fearful responsibility of this fatal assault be
charged against the gallant Colonel Chaplin, justice demands that it should be known that
he acted under imperative orders, both in making the assault and in the disposition of his
own regiment in front.

160

History of Androscoggin County.

Other notable actions where the First Heavy Artillery did meritorious
service were Tolopotomoy, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Boydton
Road. Colonel Chaplin was mortally wounded August 18, 1864. Lieutenant-
Colonel Thomas H. Talbot resigned September 14, and Major George W.
Sabine, December 10. He succeeded Major Charles Hamlin, discharged April
26, 1863, and was followed in office by Major Christopher V. Crossraan until
December 22, when he was discharged. Colonel Russell B. Shepherd was
commissioned October 21, 1864; Major Harrison G. Smith, March 28, 1865.
Major Charles VV. Nute died March 9, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel Zimro A.
Smith was in command for some time after he was appointed before he was
mustered in with that rank.

ROSTER.

George Duran, A, Durham

Gilman Rice, A, Lewistou

William 0. Bridge, M, ,,

Frank Bridge, M, ,,

Philip C. Keith, M,

Joseph Jordan, B, Webster

Horatio B. Downer, D, kd June 17, M, Lewiston
Sylvester Eaton, D, ,,

Thomas Hatch, D, died of wounds July

12, 1804, Auburn

Sewall B. Waite, D, Lewiston

Henry A. Evans, E, d of wds Apr. 11, 65, ,,
Stephen F. Harriman, E, ,,

William R. Kennerson, E, ,,

Henry W. Stearns, E, ,,

Alonzo Goodwin, E,

Auburn

Edwin L. Ladd, E, transferred to G,

Wales

George C. Cross, L, died June 18,

64,

Auburn

John J. Bragdon, L, died July 25

()4

Poland

Nelson W. Edwards, L, died July

11,

64,

John H. Quimby, L,

Lewiston

Phineas K. Martin, M,

,,

John G. Tibbetts, M,

jj

Isaac S. Fauuce, Captain, B,

J,

David J. Chandler, Lieut, B,

>>

W. H. H. Small, Corp., B,

ft

Arthur L. Coombs, B,

jj

Patrick Dolan, B,

,,

John O. Sullivan, B,

,,

Stephen C. Chitler, B,

Poland

Elisha K. Mann, Serg., C,

Leeds

Stephen Richards, Corp., C,

Lewiston

Mandrid 0. Savage, Serg., C,

jj

Nathan B. Harlow, Corp., C,

„

John S. Higgins, C,

>»

David Howe, C,

a

Frank Larvin, C,

Silas McAllister, C,

][

Leonard Percy, C,

n

Leonard Weston, C,

»

Frank White, C,
David Bailey, C,
Jonathan Hutchinson, Jr, D,
Charles Ludus, 1st Serg., D,
Thomas JNIcCarty, D,
Charles W. Merrill, D,
Henry Hall, E,
Frank Kilgore, E,
Charles McCarroll, E,
Edwin E. Jones, Serg., E,
Walter Jerald, Serg., F,
Maxim Layois, F,
Frederic Leavitt, F,
Patrick Lyons, F,
Emery E. Lowell, F,
Hezekiah Morse, F,
( Jeorge Morris, F,
William H. Lemont, F,
Eben E. Colby, G,
William B. Ellis, G,
Hugh Hunter, G,
Michael A. Murphy, Serg., G,
Warren Sturtevant, G,
George Wilbur, G,
James Courson, H,
Roscoe Smith, H,
Daniel Strickland, H,
John Sullivan, H,
Patrick Sullivan, H,
John Brine, Corp., I,
James Gleason, I,
Martin McElroy, I,
Frank Tripp, I,
Charles Wellman, I,
Emanuel Brazille, K,
William Greenwood, K,
James W. Hicks, K,
Samuel E. Kenniston, K,
Morris Murphy, K,
John H. Williams, K,

Lewiston

Poland

Minot

Lewiston

Minot
Lewiston

Auburn
Lewiston

Leeds

Minot

Lewiston

Military Affairs. 161

John Warner, K, Lewiston
Charles H. Wright, K,

Orville Young, K, ,,

Almon E. Brown, K, Auburn

Rufus Danforth, K, „

Francis D. Moray, K, Auburn

Chandler Nason, K, ,,

William Doyle, K, Leeds

Philip C. Keith, M, Lewiston

Samuel W. Adams, Greene

First Battalion Light Artillery. — This name was given to an organization
of seven batteries, serving in different commands, and mustered into United
States service at different times and places, thus: First Battery at Port-
land, December 18, 1861; Second Battery at Augusta, November 30, 1861;
Third Battery at Augusta, December 11, 1861; Fourth Battery at Augusta,
December 21, 1861 ; Fifth Battery at Augusta, December 4, 1861 ; Sixth
Battery at Augusta, February 7, 1862; Seventh Battery at Augusta, December
30, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel Davis Tillson was discharged March 25, 1863.
Lieutenant-Colonel George F. Leppien died May 24, 1864, of wounds received
in action. Lieutenant-Colonel Freeman McGilvery died September 2, 1864, of
wounds received in action at Deep Bottom, Va. Lieutenant-Colonel James A.
Hall was brevetted brigadier-general March 7, 1865.

The First Battery joined the Army of the Gulf at New Orleans and was
in its first action December 27, 1862, at Labadieville. From this time until
August, 1863, it saw much service, notably at Pattersonville, January 14, at
Bisland, April 12 and 13, at Port Hudson from April 27 to the fall of the
place, and at Donaldsonville, July 13, where it took a prominent part.
December 29, 1863, every man on duty re-enlisted for three years and went
home on a furlough. It was rendezvoused at Augusta in March, and was
assigned to General Burnside's corps of the Army of the Potomac and
stationed at Washington. July 12, 1864, it aided in repelling General Early's
attack on Fort Stevens, and September 19 it was prominent in the battle of
Winchester, and at Strasburg, September 22. October 19 it participated in
the battle of Cedar Creek, Va, losing heavily. From November 9 to July 9,
1865, it was stationed at Winchester and Manchester, Va. On the last-named
day it was ordered to Portland, where it was mustered out July 15, 1865.

The Second Battery saw action first at Cross Keyes, Va, June 8, 1862, and
took part in skirmishes at Strasburg June 1, Woodstock June 2, Mount
Jackson June 4, Newmarket June 5, Harrisonburg June 6, and Port Republic
June 9. August 8 it fought the Confederates, five miles beyond Culpepper,
and the next day was prominent in the battle of Cedar Mountain. It took
part in the action at Bull Run, August 30. December 13 it was a participant
in the attack on Fredericksburg and very active all day. On the afternoon of
August 15, the battery recrossed the river and took position on the heights
covering the bridge over which General Franklin's troops were crossing.
August 19 it went into camp near Fletcher's Chapel, where it stayed until
May 3, 1863, when it took part in the battle of Chancellorsville. From this
time it was active in the Pennsylvania campaign, and was in most gallant

1(32 History of Androscoggin County.

combat July 1, 2, and 3 at Gettysburg. It was in camp and on furlough from
this action until April 26, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the
Potomac and joined the march to Richmond, where it viciously assailed the
enemy near Spottsylvania, May 10, 11, 12, 14, and 18, and south of the
Pamunkey river, June 1 and 3. It engaged the enemy in front of Petersburg,
July 26. September 27 it went into position in the fort on the left of the road
leading to Petersburg, and was here, at City Point, and at Alexandria until
May 31, 1865, when it was ordered to Augusta, where it was mustered out of
service and discharged June 16.

The Third Battery arrived at Washington, April 3, 1862, and acted as
"pontooniers" for General McDowell from April 14 to November 7, when it
returned to Fort Lincoln and engaged in building "Battery Maine." March
28, 1863, it became Company M, First Regiment Heavy Artillery Maine
Volunteers. January 5, 1864, seventj^-two men re-enlisted for three years
were furloughed, and rendezvoused at Augusta, February 22. They were
detached from the First Heavy Artillery, and reorganized as the Third Battery
of Mounted Artillery. This was at Washington on duty from February 28
until July 5, when it was assigned to duty with the Third Division of the
Ninth Corps, and July 9 was placed in position before the rebel works in front
of Cemetery Hill at Petersburg. From this time until August 19 it was in
daily battle with the Confederates, bearing honorable part in the general
engagement of July 30. October 25 it moved to the defenses of City Point,
having been in the trenches in front of Petersburg 105 days. The battery
remained at City Point and Washington until June 2, 1865, when it returned
to Maine, and was mustered out and discharged June 22, 1865.

The Fourth Battery was stationed at and around Washington from April 3
until June 28, 1862, when it went to the Shenandoah Valley, where, August 9,
it participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain. Returning to Culpepper,
August 19 it went to the Rappahannock river, protected the bridge at the
railroad crossing, the next day repulsed a rebel battery and rejoined its corps
at Sulphur Springs, where it had a brisk engagement with a Confederate
battery, August 12. September 17 it did good execution at Antietam, and,
following the retreating foe to Harper's Ferry, took position on Bolivar
Heights, September 20, and was on garrison and picket duty here and at
Maryland Heights until June 30, 1863, when it evacuated its position. July
22 it was engaged in the action at Wapping Heights, Va, and from this time
was in active operations until going into camp at Brandy Station, December 3.
It fought at McLean's Ford October 15, at Kelly's Ford November 7, and at
Mine Run November 30. May 6, 1864, it crossed the Rapidan as part of the
Sixth Corps. At Cold Harbor, June 1, and later at Petersburg, it did efficient
service. The Fourth remained in commission until June 17, 1865, when it
was mustered out and discharged.

Military Affairs. 163

The Fifth Battery encamped at Washington, April 1, 1862. May 19 it
"marched to Fredericksburg, thence to Front Royal, and August 9 took
position at Cedar Mountain at night under a heavy artillery fire. August 20,
21, and 23 it covered the railroad crossing at Rappahannock Station and
prevented the Confederate batteries from taking position. It took part in the
action at Thoroughfare Gap, August 27, and lost four guns at Manassas,
August 30. December 13 it was under the heaviest cannonading of the battle
of Fredericksburg. May 3, 1863, it suffered severely at Chancellorsville,
Captain Leppien being mortally wounded and thirty others killed and wounded.
July 1 it attacked the Confederates at Emmettsburg, and the next two days
was active in the great action at Gett3'^sburg. Passing the winter at Culpepper,
Va, it commenced its activity May 21, 1864, at Spottsylvania, and June 2
silenced the rebel batteries in front of its position at Cold Harbor. It was
before Petersburg, and later with the Sixth Corps in the defensive operations
for the protection of Washington and Baltimore, and September 19 had an
all-day's fight at Opequan. At Cedar Creek, October 19, it won high honors
and lost heavily. This was its last engagement of moment. It was on duty
along the Shenandoah and Potomac until it returned to Maine, where it was
mustered out and discharged July 6, 1865.

The Sixth Battery served under Generals Sigel, Banks, and Heintzelman in
Virginia, and Generals Williams and Slocum in Maryland, commencing active
campaigning in April, 1862. At Cedar Mountain, August 9, it held an
important position with some loss. It took part in all the fighting on the
Rappahannock under General Pope, and was of great service at Centerville
and Manassas, August 29 and 30. It was in reserve at South Mountain, Sep-
tember 14, and in position at Antietam, September 17. December 27 one
section of the Sixth made a successful defense of Dumfries, Va, and with
infantry support repulsed a large force. It took a prominent part at Gettys-
burg, July 2 and 3, and later shared in the skirmishing of the First Corps on
its retreat from Culpepper. More than two-thirds of the men re-enlisted early
in 1864. From May 3, 1864, until January, 1865, it was constantly in aggres-
sive duty. May 6 losing eight men at the action of Todd's Tavern, and engaging
the Confederates on the Ny, North Anna, and Pamunkey rivers, at Cold
Harbor, for two weeks in front of Petersburg, along the Appomattox, on the
south side of the James surrounded by the enemy, and from August 22 to
October 22 garrisoning and defending Fort Davis. From October the Sixth
liad many artillery duels with the Confederates, was pitted against their heavy
siege guns and mortars, and in many other ways maintained its deservedly high
reputation. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 17, 1865.

The Seventh Battery joined the Ninth Army Corps in April, 1863, and
May 9 and 12 had its first encounters with the Confederates on the Ny, acquit-
ting itself ably. June 2 and 3 it was prominent in the battle of Cold Harbor,

164

History of Androscoggin County.

then took its way to Petersburg, aided in driving the enemy across the Norfolk
raih-oad on the eighteenth, and on the twenty-third took position at Peters-
burg, only 700 yards from and directly in front of the point where the mine
was exploded July 30, and for forty-seven consecutive days was under fire.
August 4 it was relieved and stationed at Fort Rice, where it received great
attention from the Confederate batteries. October 2 it took position at the
Pegram House under a heavy artillery fire, and assisted in repelling the attack
on that position. December 2 returning to Petersburg it garrisoned Fort
Sedgwick until April 1, 1865, and took part in the capture of Petersburg.
After Lee's surrender the Seventh returned to Washington, May 10 participated
in the grand review of the army, and June 5 left Washington for Maine. It
was mustered out at Augusta, June 21, 1865.

ROSTER.

Wales

Durham

Leeds

Lewiston

Auburn

Lisbon

Poland

Lewiston

William D. Wood, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat., Auburn

Charles H. Cobb, Jr, 1 Bat., Danville

A. J. Lufkin, Serg., 1 Bat., Lewiston

Michael Collins, 1 Bat., died in service, ,,

L. I. N. Lenfest, 1 Bat., ,,

John K. Hamilton, 1 Bat.,

Eben Gould, 1 Bat.,

William Morton, 1 Bat.,

Michael O'Brien, 1 Bat.,

Daniel P. Eaton, Serg., 5 Bat.,

Sullivan Luce, 5 Bat., kd July 3, 6.3,

Charles P. IVIiller, 5 Bat.,

Warren B. Bailey, 5 Bat.,

Charles H. Foss, 5 Bat.,

Charles H. Harlow, 5 Bat.,

Alonzo Hinckley, Corp., 5 Bat.,

Isaac P. St Clair, 5 Bat.,

William C. A. Browu, 5 Bat.,

John Carvill, Corp., 5 Bat.,

William C. Coatling, 5 Bat.,

Hiram Cordwell, 5 Bat.,

John Finley, 5 Bat., wd and miss

Manassas,
Patrick Green, 5 Bat.,
Michael Hickey, 5 Bat.,
James S. Lebroke, 5 Bat.
William Lenuard, 5 Bat.
C. W. Richardson, Mus.,
IJewellyn Sawyer, .5 Bat.,
Edward Warren, 5 Bat.,
Richard K. Maxwell, .5 I'at.,
John R. Whitticr, 5 Bat.,
John H. Hanson, 5 Bat.,
Edward T. Sawyer, 6 Bat.,
Omer Smith, Corp., 7 Bat.,
Benjamin S. Crawford, 7 Bat.,
Edgar Emery, 7 Bat.,
Delphinas B. Bicknell, Serg., 7 Bat.,

at

, pro Serg.
5 Bat.,

Minot
Lewiston

Danville

Lewiston

Auburn

Poland

Joseph R. Niles, 7 Bat., d of wds, 18G4

Harris W. Jordan, 7 Bat.,

Alfred B. Wyman, 7 Bat.,

Alfred Roberts, 7 Bat.,

Charles A. N. Waterman, 7 Bat.,

Solomon L. Carmoin, 2 Bat.,

Eli B. Clark, 2 Bat.,

Benjamin P. Peterson, 2 Bat.,

Jerry Russell, 2 Bat.,

Oliver L. Stevens, 4 Bat.,

Martin Goding, 4 Bat., died Nov. 9, 04

William A. Childs, 4 Bat.,

Frank McCann, 4 Bat.,

Uriah Read, Corp., 4 Bat.,

A. K. P. Ramsdell, 4 Bat.,

John B. Hanson, 5 Bat.,

Matthew Roberts, 5 Bat.,

Roscoe A. Williams, 5 Bat.,

Luther Briggs, Corp., 7 Bat.,

Samuel A. Stillings, 7 Bat.,

George Holmes, 7 Bat.,

Charles Emerson, 7 Bat.,

Sewall B. Emery, 7 Bat.,

Wesley Strout, 7 Bat.,

Oliver B. Strout, 7 Bat.,

Henry Stockbridge, 7 Bat.,

Samuel Taylor, 7 Bat.,

Edwin Woodsum, 7 Bat.,

Wentworth M. Brown, 7 Bat.,

Lorenzo B. Harrington, 7 Bat.,

George B. Hasey, 1 Bat.,

Edward Connor, 1 Bat.,

Patrick Dunn, 1 Bat.,

Samuel Scofleld, 1 Bat.,

Ezekiel H. Cook, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat.,

John McMullen, 1 Bat.,

Frederic C. Fuller, 7 Bat.,

Nathaniel C. Dean, 7 Bat.,

Webster

Durham

Lewiston

Livermore

Auburn

Poland

Lewiston

Turner
Minot
Lisbon

Turner
Poland

Lewiston

Lisbon

Auburn

Minot
Lewiston

Webster

Military Affairs. 165

Fii'st Gavalry Regiment. — This regiment of twelve companies was organized
at Augusta, November 5, 1861, for three years, the men being of fine material
and coming from all parts of the state. Company G was principally recruited
in Androscoggin county. The original field officers were Colonel John God-
dard, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Hight (formerly a captain in the regular
army), Majors Samuel H. Allen, David P. Stowell, Calvin S. Douty. Colonel
Goddard resigned February 12, 1862, and Major Allen was commissioned
colonel. Captain Warren L. Whitney of Company A becoming major. March
14, 1862, Companies A, D, E, and F, under command of Colonel Allen, left
the state for Washington, where they arrived March 19. Companies B,
I, H, and M, under Major Douty, left March 20, arriving at Washington
March 24. Here the two detachments were joined by the remaining companies.
Lieutenant-Colonel Hight resigned March 14, 1862, and May 10 Major Douty
was commissioned in his place, and with Companies A, B, E, H, and M,
was assigned to General Hatch's cavalry brigade of General Banks's corps.
The other companies were soon connected with General Ord's Division at
Fredericksburg. May 23 l^ieutenant-Colonel Douty with his command aided
in covering General Banks's retreat to Williamsport. The regiment was con-
solidated at Warrenton, Va, July 10, and was in active service from that time;
August 9 in the battle of Cedar Mountain, and August 20 at Brandy Station.
September 4 it was in the fight of Frederick City, Md, and garrisoned the
place. Colonel Allen being made military governor. Company G (then
General Reno's body-guard) took part in the action at South Mountain,
September 14, and C-ompanies M and H in that of Antietam, September 17.
The regiment was at Frederick City and Falmouth, Va, until February 20,
1863, when it joined the First Brigade, Third Division, Colonel J. Kilpatrick
commanding. Colonel Allen resigned December 12, 1862, and Lieutenant-
Colonel Douty was promoted to his place. From April 13 to June 8 the First
was in several engagements and reconnoissances, and June 17 it lost heavily at
Aldie, Va, Colonel Douty being among the killed. June 19 it was in action
at Middleburg, June 21 at Upperville, and July 3 in a severe cavalry fight
at Gettysburg. July 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Smith was commis-
sioned colonel, and Major Boothby succeeded him. The First went to the
support of the pickets at Shepherdstown, who were attacked by a large force
under General Stuart July 16, and had a hotly contested fight of many
hours. From August 24 to January 1, 1864, the First was a prominent factor
in numerous battles, skirmishes, and reconnoissances. February 27, 1864, 300
men reported to General Kilpatrick for duty in the expedition to Richmond, in
which they had several engagements, losing before their return to Alexandria,
March 12, 98 men and over 200 horses. May 7 and 8 they liad a severe engage-
ment at Todd's Tavern, and May 9 started on (leneral Sheridan's first raid and
reached within three miles of Richmond. June 2 Chaplain Barrett was killed

166

History of Androscoggin County.

by a solid shot. From this time until September, the First took gallant part in
the actions of Trevillian's Station, St Mary's Church, Malvern Hill, Charles
City Road, Dinwiddle Court House, and Ream's Station. At this time seven
companies of the First District of Columbia Cavalry were transferred to the
various companies of the First Maine. In October were fought actions at
Gravelly Creek and Roydton Plank Road. The members whose terms of
service expired November 4, 1864, were mustered out at Augusta, November
25, 1864. The organization still in service had an obstinate engagement Feb-
ruary, 1865, at Cat Tail Run, where it lost heavily. It did good service in the
closing battles of the war, and was mustered out of the United States service
at Petersburg, Va, August 1, 1865, after a most heroic career.

Colonel Smith was bre vetted brigadier-general August 1, 1864. Major
Whitney resigned May 13, 1863, Major George W. Jirown February 11, 1864,
Major Sidney W. Thaxter November 24, 1864, Major Daniel S. Curtis Jan-
uary 18, 1865, and Major Joel W. Cloudman February 20, 1865. The field
officers at the close of service were Colonel Charles H. Smith, Lieutenant-
Colonel Jonathan P. Cilley, and Majors Constantine Taylor, Benjamin F.
Tucker, and Paul Chadbourne. Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Boothby died
June 6, 1864, from wounds received in action.

An organization was formed in 1890 as First Maine Cavalry Association of
Androscoggin County, to hold semi-annual meetings in memory of their gallant
history. Charles E. Moulton was chosen president ; M. F. Ricker, vice-
president ; Henry Little, secretary and treasurer. At that time the veterans
residing in the county numbered about sixty, embracing these whom we do
not find credited to any town of the county: Charles E. Moulton, George Day,
O. M. Barnard, J. M. Woodman, Samuel Whitney, C. B. Kimball, Nelson A.
Dodge, Daniel Irish, J. W. West, George L. Fassett, Perry Chandler, William
Dudley, Charles Phenix, B. P. Lowell, I. B. Harvey, Andrew Brawn, Horace
Whitcomb, Frank Whitcomb, I. S. Maxwell, Charles Merryfield, A. E. Soule,
Samuel Stone, John Stone, John Steele, Albert Smith, Leander Lane, A. P.
Donnell, A. B. Brown.

ROSTER.

Thomas Otis, D, Poland

George Wentworth, B, Greene

Seth H. Keene, E, Turner

Roscoe G. Reals, E, Leeds

p:d P. Mitchell, F, Vii'ales

Moses H. Fogg, H, tr to V. R. C, ,,
Llewellyn W. Fogg, H, Lewistou

Augustus J. Burbank, Capt., G, ,,
Zebulon B. Blethen, Lieut, G, promoted

Capt. Aug. 14, 18()2, „

Nelson J. Forsyth, Serg., G, ,,
George E. Jumper, G, promoted Lieut

April 16, 1865,

Boynton Grover, Corp., G, promoted

Sergeant Oct. 28, 1862, Lewiston

Henry W. Furbish, G, ,,
Fred M. Baker, Corp., G, d Apl 17, 65,

Elijah Collamore, G, „

Levi S. Dakiu, G, ,,

F. B. Dakin, G, ,,

Rodney C. Davis, G, died March 5, 62, ,,
Charles T. Duley, G,

George L. Duston, G, ,,

Israel M. Hatch, G, „

Sumner W. Howes, G, ,,

Frank M. Furber, Band, ,,

Military Affairs.

167

William O. Howes, G, Com. June 2, 64,

Capt. 1st Maine S. S., Lewiston

Riley L. Jones, G,
Fred K. Noyes, G,
Charles W. Jordan, G,
Addison G. Pulsifer, G,
William Maloon, Bugler, G,
Bailey T. Royal, G,
George A. Royal, G,
John M. Stockwell, G,
Edward P. Tobie, Jr, G, Com 2d Lt, E,
George E. Huuton, Serg., G, pro

1st Lieut, East Livermore

Cyrus T. Reed, Corp., G, pro

Serg., April 1, 1803,
Andrew Jordan, G, Danville

Dennis Carty, G, pro Corporal,

Jan. 1, 1864, East Livermore

Daniel B. Doyen, G, pro Serg.,

March 21, 1864, „ „

Edwin V. Fuller, G,
S. B. M. Lovejoy, G, pro Lieut,

Dec. 31, 1862, „

John Mitchell, G, ,, ,,

Geo. E. Reed, G, k Aug. 25, 64, ,, ,,

William H. Wyman, G,

Eben J. Pulsifer, Corp., G, Poland

Alden Hall, G, pro Corp., Nov. 20, 61, Auburn
Henry Little, G, pro Serg., Oct. 28, 62, ,,
Churchill S. Stevens, G, ,,

Charles H. Additon, G, Greene

Russell S. Bradbury, ,,

V. P. Dillingham, G,

Freeman J. Gurney, G, ,,

Thomas H. Mower, G, pro Corp., ,,

John Coffin, G, Webster

Joseph H. Coffin, G, pro Corp., ,,

Charles H. Delano, G, k May 10, 64, Turner

Geo. M. Delano, G, pr Corp., Mar. 21, 64, ,,
William Doble, G, Livermore

John B. Drake, Corp., G, pro Serg.,

April 1, 1863, East Livermore

J. S. Dow, G, „ „

Joseph F. Hutchins, G, Livermore

Timothy B. Niles, G, „

Alonzo P. Russell, G, Livermore

Volney H. Foss, G, pro 1st Sgt, Apr., 65, Leeds

Lucius C. Robbins, G, ,,

Leonard L. Rose, Corp., G, ,,

Seth G. Rose, G, „
Levi W. Wheeler, G,

George Q. Gammon, L, Livermore

Milton F. Ricker, L, pro Corp., 1864, „
Elisha C. Fuller, L,
William H. H. Coding, L,

Laban Smith, L, d Nov. 6, 62, Turner
Ephraim H. Taylor, Lieut, M, killed

June 19, 1863, Lisbon

Horace K. Blethen, Corp., M, ,,

George H. Dunham, Corp., C, ,,

John Ford, C, died in service, Lewiston

Horace Wright, C, died in service. Auburn

Eswell Bonnasa, D, Lewiston

John Brown, D, "

David Curran, 1), "

Andrew Felix, D, "

Joseph Rivers, D, "

J. S. Dow, D, Leeds

Winfield S. Bucknam, F, Minot

Fernando F. Mason, G, Turner

Frank C. Adams, G, Auburn

David Nash, G, ,,

Henry J. Penny, G, Lewiston

Albion K . Snell , G , Poland

Alonzo H. Snell, G, ,,

Leroy H. Tobin, G, Lewiston
Albert Small, H,

Andrew McCoy, H, „

George Garner, I, ,,
Arad E. Gilbert, I,

Job S. Spear, M, Turner

George W. Proctor, A, Lisbon

John Getchell, F, Lewiston

John S. Johnson, F, killed in action, ,,

Henry A. Capen, G, Auburn

George W. Lane, G, ,,

Charles A. Washburn, G, ,,

Richard McCarthy, K, ,,

George P. Day, M, Durham

First D. G. Cavalry Regiment. — Eight hundred men, comprising eight
companies, were enlisted and organized at Augusta, from October, 1863, to
March, 1864, to serve three years. This body was under the command of
Colonel L. C. Baker, and was designed for special service only in the District
of Columbia. The only commissioned officer originally from Androscoggin
county was Zebulon B. Blethen of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company H.
After important service in its original field for some months, half of the regi-
ment was dismounted and ordered to Portsmouth, Va. The other part was
assigned to General Butler's command, and was in General Kautz's cavalry

168

History of Androscoggin County.

raid in June, 1864. August 23 the regiment had an engagement with the
famous Hampton Legion, the next day it was in the thick of the fight at
Ream's Station, and the next day all its Maine men were officially transferred
to the First Maine Cavalry, but remained on picket duty on the extreme left
of the Union line. September 15, 1864, the regiment was attacked by a heavy
force of Confederates, and after a gallant resistance in which it lost heavily in
killed, most of the survivors were captured. The small contingent remaining
joined the First Maine Cavalry and became incorporated with it.

ROSTER.

H,

Charles H. Pratt,

William G. Besse, H,

George C. Besse, H, kd in service,

Edwin R. Blodgett, Sgt, G, d in reb pri,

Albion H. Collins, H, d in reb pri,

Peter J. Dresser, Corp., K, pro Serg.,

William W. Douglas, Corp.,

Benjamin C. Witham, K,

Thomas B. Hodges, K,

William X. Higgins, Serg

William H. Howard, H,

Thomas J. McMaster, H,

Peter Jerris, R,

Samuel O. Libby, pro Corp., A, 1st Cav.,

Frank J. Savage, H, promoted 1st Serg.,

M, 1st Cav.,
John Spear,

Jeremiah Bowban, killed in action, I,
Samuel Thorn, died in rebel prison,
Salmon C. Brewster, K,
Hollis Harlow, H,

Delmer Harris, pro Serg., A, 1st Cav.,
George A. Kingsley, H,
Charles G. Kingsley, H, died in rebel pris.,
Albert P. Winslow,
Benj. A. Welsh, Serg., H, died of wds,

Oct. 26, 1864,
Stafford B. Jones, Corp.,
George F. Proctor,
Kendall Pollard, C,
Benjamin Sutherland, C,
Jeff. L. Coburn, pro Lt, A, 1st Cav.,
Hiram S. Coburn,
John H. L. Chick, Corp., H,
George S. Dill, killed in action.

Greene
Lewiston

Lisbon

Lewiston

Ijeeds
Minot

Auburn
Lisbon

Lewiston

Daniel S. Fitzgerald, H, Lewiston

Mansel W. Farr, ,,

Charles E. Huston, C, ,,

Andrew J. Lufkin, „

James W. Lovejoy, killed in action, ,,

Henry C. Nado, I, ,,

Jonathan Nash, Corp., H, ,,

Edward E. Proctor, K (Lisbon), ,,

George W. Penley, ,,
John W. Peachey, trans to M, 1st Cav., ,,

Thomas Phillop, K, killed in action, ,,

George A. Royal, I, „

Benjamin H. Turner, Corp., „

Richard Webb, 1st Serg., K, ,,

Ezra R. Wright, ,,
Chas H. Wallace, Serg., I, kd in service, ,,

Zebulon B. Blethen, 1st Lieut, H, ,,

Nelson Chandler, I, Auburn
Granger C. Crafts, H, died in rebel prison, ,,

Henry A. Hersey, H, ,,

David L. Stetson, H, ,,

Andrew McCoy, H, „
Alex. B. Conant, Serg., H,
Milton R. Davis, I,

John French, B,

Edwin D. Hall,

J. D. A. Jacobs, Mus., H,

Hiram B. King,

Horace Perkins, K,

Oren Small, Serg., I,

James McGuire, pro 1st Lt, H, 1st Cav.,

Menander Dennett,

John Warren, H, died in service,

Lewis Warren, H,

Turner

Poland

Turner

Durham

Minot

Poland

Minot

Poland

Leeds

Lewiston

Auburn

Second Cavalry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta, from November
30, 1863, to January 2, 1864. The field officers were Ephraim W. Woodman,
of Wilton, colonel ; John F. Godfrey, of Bangor, lieutenant-colonel ; Charles
A. Miller, of Rockland, major. Captain Elijah D. Johnson, Company C, of
Lewiston, was the only commissioned officer from Androscoggin county.
Detachments of this regiment left the state at various times, and were united

Military Affairs.

169

at New Orleans June 1, 1864. Previous to this, Companies A, D, and a portion
of G, had taken part in engagements at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville,
Avoyelles Prairie, and Yellow Bayou, winning credit. August 11, the regi-
ment formed camp at Barrancas, Fla, and was employed in fatigue duty and
in raiding until February, 1865. February 23, Lieutenant-Colonel Spurling
attacked a strong force of Confederates at Milton, Fla, with 300 men, and
routed it. March 19, the regiment joined General Steele's command at Pen-
sacola to aid in the campaign, which resulted in the capture of Mobile and the
opening of Alabama to the advance of Federal troops. In this campaign the
Second had several encounters with the Confederates, and destroyed a large
amount of the enemy's property, beside opening communication with General
Canby, besieging Spanish Fort, and capturing many prisoners. After the fall
of Mobile one detachment of the Second was assigned to the Sixteenth Army
Corps, and was all the cavalry with that body of 30,000 men in its march
to Montgomery. In August the regiment was scattered in small detach-
ments throughout western Florida to keep harmony and prevent insurrection.
December 6, it was again at Barrancas and mustered out of the United States
service. Twenty-five commissioned officers and 116 men were discharged in
Florida on their making oath to remain there and become citizens, and 14
officers and 500 men were sent to Maine, where they were discharged at
Augusta, December 21, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey resigned May 4,
1864, and the field officers at close of service were Ephraim W. Woodman,
colonel; Andrew B. Spurling, lieutenant-colonel; Nathan Cutler, Charles A.
Miller, and Eben Hutchinson, majors.

ROSTER.

James N. Atwood, Bugler, Liver more

LendaU S. Caswell, B, Leeds

Elijah D. Johnson, Capt., C, Lewiston

Thomas J. Owen, Corp., I, Turner

Dexter AV. True, I, pro Serg., ,,

Daniel D. Dunn, K, liivermore
Benj. M. Bradbury, Sgt, M, died Oct.

25, 1864, Auburn

Henry C. Daley, B, Lewiston

E. Riley Bishop, Corp., I, Leeds

Chas T. Knight, I, died Sept. 29, G4, Leeds

David E. Trask, M, died July 12, 64,
Roscoe G. Lindsay, I, died Sept. 8, 64, ,,

Forest L. Chase, C, East Livermore

Adam Young, C, Auburn

Philip Cautlin, D, Lewiston

James E. Caswell, H, ,,

James M. Cobb, H, Durham

Reuel Haskell, M, Auburn

Fred B. Haskell, M,

First Regiment Sharpshooters. — This body of six companies was organized
at Augusta to serve one and three years. Companies A and B were sent south
November 12, 1864, and assigned to the defenses of City Point, Va. Com-
panies C, D, E, and F were oi-ganized later in 1864. December 7 and 30 they
went to Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, and January 1, 1865, were ordered
to City Point, where, joining their comrades, they remained until the discovery
by the War Department that no Federal authority existed for such a regi-

170 History of Androscoggin County.

mental organization. Soon after the several companies were consolidated with
the Twentieth Infantry Regiment.

ROSTER.

John Butler, 1st Lieut, C, Lewiston
George F. Haskell, Corp., C, ,,

William Roberts, Serg., E, ,,

Eugene Hinkley, Corp., E, ,,

Frank E. Frye, Serg., F, „

Daniel W. Hinkley, Serg., F, died of

wounds, April 3, 1865, Lewiston

James W. Libby, Lieut, E, Leeds

Albert M. Rose, E, died Jan. 17, 1865,

Company i), Second United States Sharpshooters. — This was a picked
company, each man having to put ten consecutive shots within five inches of
the center of a target, firing from a rest two hundred yards distant. James
D. Fessenden, of Portland, was captain; Jacob McClure, of Rockland, first
lieutenant; Silas C. Barker, of Augusta, second lieutenaiit. This company
was mustered into service November 2, 1861, left the state November 13, for
Washington, and became Company D of Berdan's Second Regiment of Sharp-
shooters on their arrival, and was stationed in or near Washington until March
19, 1862, when it was assigned to General King's division of General McDow-
ell's Corps. This year this company did effective service in many important
skirmishes and battles, among them the battles near Manassas, the advance to
Sharpsburg, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. It was in camp at Stoneman's
Station from December 15, 1862, to April 28, 1863. It took part in the fight
at Chancellorsville, May 2, and was at Gettysburg July 2 and 3. Recrossing
the Potomac it went into camp at Brandy Station, where the men re-enlisted
and were furloughed. Returning March 1, 1864, the company took part in
the regimental movements and actions until it was consolidated with the Sev-
enteenth Infantry, February 18, 1865. Daniel P. Eaton, of Auburn, Michael
Murphy and Patrick Earley, of Lewiston, were in this company.

Miscellaneous. — A coast-guard battalion of seven companies was organized
from March 18, 1864, to March 2, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years.
Androscoggin was represented in I), E, and F. All of the companies were
mustered out of service in 1865.

Three companies. A, B, and K, of light infantry militia were mustered into
United States service in 1864, to serve in forts along the coast of Maine.
Company H was in service from April 27, 1864, to July 9, 1864, at Fort
McClary, Kittery. Many of its men were from Lewiston.

Thirty unassigned companies of infantry were organized at Augusta in
1864 and 1865 to serve one, two, and three years. Nineteen were assigned to
various regiments, four were organized as the First Battalion Infantry, two
were never mustered into Federal service, and five continued in independent
service until they were mustered out. The Sixth, Twenty-seventh, and
Thirtieth contained men from this county.

Military Affairs.

171

ROSTER COAST GUARD INFANTRY.

Daniel L. Verrill, Corp., D, Auburn

George W. Bailey, Corp., D, „

George L. Adams, D, ,,

Stephen S. Merrill, D, „

Rufus E. Rounds, Corp., D, ,,

Marshall Stevens, D, „

Charles M. Stevens, D, ,,

William W. Stevens, D, „

Charles A. "Williams, D, „
Roswell C. Dunton, D, Lewiston

Joseph H. Dunton, D, ,,

Lewis M. Hatch, D, ,,

Arthur Hathorn, D, „

Enoch L. Hinkley, D, Lewiston

Charles II. Holbrook, D, ,,

David C. Jackson, D, ,,

Marcus F. Joy, D, ,,

Llewellyn S. Libby, D, ,,

William Quimby, D, ,,
Silas B. Wood, D,

James J. Chase, Lieut, E, Turner
Stephen M. Chamberlain, Corp., F, Auburn

John D. Bailey, F, ,,

Cornelius Stackpole, F, „

Samuel L. Washburn, F, ,,

ROSTER COMPANY H, LIGHT INFANTRY.

Chester C. Thing, 1st Lieut,
Dennis E. Lowell, Serg.,
Lnther Jones, Corp.,
William Maines, Corp.,
William Hayes, Corp.,
William W. Bailey, Mus.,
Luther C. Bateman,
Charles H. Berry,
Ansil F. Crooker,
Robert D. Carvill.
Albert G. Dunham,
Wesley C. Donnell,
Charles W. Dennett,
Andrew Elliot,
Jacob A. Field,
Alonzo P. Graffam,
Enoch L. Hinkley,
Eben Merrill,
Martin W. Penley,
John N. Packard,
Charles Sampson,
John B. Sanders,
Orestes S. Wood,

Lewiston

Thomas A. Eastman, Serg.
Andrew F. Hodsdon, Serg.,
George D. Bearce, Corp.,
William Hayes, Corp.,
John Keene, Mus.,
Joel S. Boomer,
Joseph Brisey,
Chandler Barron,
Joseph S. Carter,
Thomas B. Chadbourne,
Richard DeWitt,
Ervin V. Daley,
H. Nelson Emery,
John F. Eaton,
Moses D. Golder,
Oscar F. Gammon,
Charles H. Holland,
Melville I. McKenney,
Almortd L. Penley,
Joseph E. Rankin,
James M. Steadman,
Greenleaf G. Wagg,

Lewiston

ROSTER OF UNASSIGNED COMPANIES INFANTRY.

John H. Merrill, Corp., 6th, Lewiston

Edgar H. Forrest, Corp., Gth, ,,

Henry P. Abbott, 6th, ,,

Barnum Jones, 6th, ,,

Benjamin F. Pray, 6th, ,,

George Seabury, 6th, ,,

Nathaniel D. Chase, Serg., 9th, Durham

William Newell, 9th, ,,

W. Chaplin, 27th, Poland

Ansel F. Crooker, 27th,
James W. Downing, 27th,
Albert F. Herrick, 27th,
William H. Kilbouru, 27th,
George B. Lane, 27th,

James M. Mills, 27th,
Mark E. Morton, 27th,
George W. Walker, 27th,
William E. Farrar, 27th,
Frank E. Frye, Lieut, 30th,
Andrew J. Elliott, Corp., .30tb,
Alonzo P. Graffam, 30th,
James W. Mitchell, 30th,
Moses Chick, 30th,
Gerard Chick, 30th,
Elisha P. Churchill, 30th,
James A. Douglass, 30th,
George R. Howard, 30th,
Charles Jackson, 30th,

Poland

Minot
Lewiston

172

History of Androscoggin County.

Charles J. King, 30th, Lewiston

Ward Locke, 30th,

Llewellyn C. Pomeroy, 30th, d in service, ,,

Warren Pickering, 30th, ,,

Nicholas F. Ward, 30th,

Millard A. Bowie, 30th, Durham

Seward ^lerrill, 30th, ,,

Ira F. Beal, 30th, Auburn

Samuel J. Bradbury, 30th, ,,

Seth Briggs, 30th, Auburn

Hiram B. Drake, 30th, „

Solomon Pettingill, 30th, ,,

Stillman S. Perkins, 30th, „

Roscoe G. Townsend, 30th, ,,

Albert H. Wilson, 30th, ,,

Charles Knight, 30th, ,,

Samuel P. Irving, Corp., 30th, Livermore

Orpheus M. Leonard, 25th, Leeds

ENLISTMENTS IN U. S. REGULAR ARMY.

George Clark,
Wilson Whittier,
William F. Webb,
Charles Smith,
Frank Porri,
David W. Pyle,
Arthur W. Penley,
Henry Herman,

Auburn

Turner

Henry Cousins,

Sanford M. Annis, 17th U. S.
Albion D. Briggs, ,,

Charles W. Hayford, ,,
Sanford Annis, ,,

Richard McCarthy, ,,
Wm K. Chamberlain, 1st Lieut, 17th
U. S. I., killed July 2, 1863,

Lewiston
Auburn

ENLISTMENTS IN THE U. S. NAVY.

Winfield S. Hill,

Greene

William Berry,

Minot

John Baptiste,

Leeds

Clark R. Caswell,

,,

Timothy Connelly,

,,

John Butler,

Danville

Charles Brown,

Durham

Bernard Burke,

Turner

Radford Booker,

,j

John Burns,

>)

Daniel Burns,

Durham

George B. Barstow,

,,

Dennis Conners,

Lewiston

Luther C. Chadbourne,

Greene

Jesse Coffin,

Webster

Charles Clark,

Durham

Cornelius Crowley,

Lewiston

James Cullen,

Leeds

Daniel Canlon,

Greene

William Clark,

,,

James A. Oronins,

Leeds

George Currier,

Durham

Patrick Driscoll,

Minot

James Dooly,

Danville

Daniel Downing,

jj

Rufus L. Dill,

Auburn

William Dunn,

Lisbon

Mark Denningliam,

Durham

Francis Evans,

Greene

James Ferguson,

"

James Fitzgerald,

East Livermore

Henry Fitz,

Durham

Herbert Field,

Lewiston

James Gordon,

jj

William Greene,
Charles M. Hines,
James Hampton,
Sandy Harper,
Louis Henry,
Benjamin Hammond,
Gustave Henderson,
Charles E. Johnson,
Charles F. Lindsey,
Rosmus Lawson,
Frank J. Lindsey,
Everett Lindsey,
Gideon P. Lowell,
Alden Moulton,
Arthur N. G. Moulton,
Daniel Mahoney,
John McNeil,
Jacol) Moore,
John A. Moore,
James MuUin,
Daniel McDaniels,
Daniel McLellan,
John Moore,
John McBride,
Charles Miller,
William Needham,
John Philpot,
John Peterson,
William F. Quinby,
John Ready,
Frans Raborg,
William Ryan,
Francis Robinson,
Henry L. Springer,

Danville

Turner

Minot

Danville

Durham

Minot
Leeds

Minot
Leeds

Greene

Lewiston
Turner

Auburn

Minot

Leeds

Danville

Durham
Greene

Auburn

Turner

Greene

Minot

Lisbon

Durham

Lewiston

Military Affairs.

173

Levi C. Sumner,
John Sullivan,
John Sullivan,
James Scott,
John Steib,
Henry Spaulding,
Charles Smith,
William Turner,
Charles F. Tripp,
Thomas Vance,
Joseph Worth,
John Wilson,
Charles H. Ward,
Doane S. Wing,

Leeds

Minot

Poland

Danville

Lisbon

Greene

Lisbon

Minot

Danville

Durham

Livermore

Danville

Lisbon

Leeds

Benjamin P. Winston,

John V. Winslow,

George D. Field,

Warren F. Field,

Cyrus E. Field,

George A. Stinchfield,

Isaac W. Bowring, enlisted Portland,

Greene

Danville

Auburn

Willard Winslow,
Charles H. Davis,
Dennett Cotton,
Charles N. Raynes,
Francis Allen,
Robert Harlow,

Boston,

Portland, kd.

From Auburn enlisted apparently unaccounted for in preceding rosters:
Wallace Bicknell, John Y. Turner, William T. Turner, Allen D. Whitman,
Parker S. Merrill (Second D. C. Volunteers), Parker S. Stevens (Second D. C.
Volunteers), Henry Jago. From Durham went Rufus Tuttle, George Tuttle,
and John D. Haskell in Massachusetts organizations, Edwin Osgood in a New
York, and Samuel Loring in an Ohio regiment, E. W. Stetson in a Wisconsin
battery. George Wentworth, Byron G. Hill, and Henry H. Coburn of Greene,
and Alphonzo B. Holland of Lewiston, served in Second D. C. Infantry. Dr.
John F. Pratt, of Greene, was a surgeon in service, while Lewis Winslow and
John Chase are apparently unaccounted for. Danville sent Charles Smith,
Cyrus C. Walker, and Charles B. iieynolds. Samuel Jordan, of Poland, was
paymaster in United States Nav3^ Charles W. Norcross, of Livermore, served
in Fourth Massachusetts Infantry. John N. Fuller, a native of Livermore,
served in the Eleventh Illinois. Joseph E. Jackson, of Lewiston, was hospital
steward in a Federal Kentucky regiment. Ezra Mitchell, Jr, of Mechanic
Falls, was assistant surgeon at Cony Hospital. '

THE GRAND ARMY IN ANDROSCOGGIN.

K710X Post, No. 0, Gr. A. M., Lewiston. — The order of the Grand Army
of the Republic was introduced into Maine by General William A. Schmidt,
of Quincy, Illinois, in 1867. Some of the ex-veterans of Lewiston met General
Schmidt at the convention of the soldiers and sailors held in Portland in June,
1867. They were extremel}^ anxious to arrange for the organization of a post
in Lewiston, but it was not effected until November 25, 1867. For this
purpose a meeting was called at Graffam & Skinner's Hall, on Bates street,
and the following were mustered in as charter members of a post of the Grand
Army of the Republic, viz.: John S. P. Ham, Isaac S. Faunce, H. H. Rich-
ardson, George A. l^arker, John F. I'utnam, Daniel J. Chandler, E. D. Johnson,
Amos Whitney, Phil P. Getchell, Nelson Howard, Benjamin Litchfield, J. H.
Bowie, John A. Skinner, Almon J. Gardiner, C. K. Hooker, C. W. Richardson,
George L. Dustin, and G. C. Sabin. This was the ninth post in Maine, and

174 History of Androscoggin County.

was organized under the direction of Cai)tain H. A. Shorey, of Bath. First
Officers. — John S. P. Ham, P. C. ; Isaac S. Faunce, S. V. P. C; H. H. Rich-
ardson, J. V. P. C; John F. Putnam, P. Adjutant; Phil P. Getchell, P. Q. M.;
Daniel J. Chandler, I. G.; George A. Parker, O. G. Amos Whitney, Almon
J. Gardiner, Benjamin Litchfield, Charles K. Hooker, J. H. Bowie, were
detailed for guard duty. The post did not receive a name until December
1, 1868, and was then called Knox Post, in memory of Chaplain George Knox,
who was chaplain of the First, Tenth, and Twenty-ninth Maine Regiments;
and died in Virginia, October 31, 1861. One of the members served as
commander of the Department of Maine Grand Army of the Republic, and
several others were elected to offices in that body. The post surrendered its
charter April 18, 1877, thus closing a work, which for nearly ten years had
been fruitful in acts of philanthropy and charity.

Custer Post, No. 7, (r. A. M., Le/wiston. — This post had its origin in a
meeting of the petitioners for a charter held at the hall formerly occupied by
Knox Post, May 16, 1877. (The record of the meeting is dated June 16, an
obvious error, as the next meeting was held "on Saturday next. May 19.")
On May 19 and 23, preliminary meetings were held, and May 26 the post was
organized by the assistant-adjutant general of the Department of Maine, S. J.
Gallagher, who mustered in these comrades: M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard, G.

A. Chandler, J. Q. A. Jumper, A. L. Wills, M. A. Murphy, I. S. Faunce, M.
Emery, N. R. Lougee, L. Q. Arnold, D. P. Field, L. T. Curtis, J. S. P. Ham,
J. F. Davis, W. H. Graffam, Russell Daggett, Otis Currier, A. J. Woodbury,

B. B. Wells, W. S. Voter, D. H. Elliott, G. A. Parker, Nelson Howard, W. T.
Chase, A. S. Perham, J. L. Hayes, T. B. Mennealy, C. H. Goodwin, Charles H.
Jumper, L. C. Aldrich, A. B. Holland. The first officers were: W. T. Chase,
commander; J. L. Hayes, quartermaster; R. L. Howard, chaplain; C. H.
Jumper, officer of the day; T. B. Mennealy, officer of the guard; A. S. Per-
ham, adjutant. The post was named by M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard and A.
S. Perham. The commanders have been: W. T. Chase, C. P. Nash, Isaac S.
Faunce, R. L. Howard, J. Q. A. Jumper, W. G. Haskell, B. B. Wells, D. P.
Field, S. H. Bagley, D. P. Field, J. O. Nickerson, George B. Haskell, William
H. Graffam, George W. Cappers, J. L. Hayes, C. S. Crowell, F. A. Conant.
Much of the good work done by Custer Post, its care for the sick and
distressed, and other labors in which it has wrought well, unrecorded, and are
only indicated on its books by the payment of some bill for supplies, and by
the record of thanks received from some beneficiary, (xraves are decorated in
Riverside, Barkerville, Mount Hope, Greene, Sabattus, and South Lewiston
cemeteries. The post owns a large lot in Riverside Cemetery, whither have
been brought the bodies of soldiers previously buried in various places in the
cemetery, and May 5, 1890, it was incorporated as a charitable association. It
holds annual fairs, which are well patronized and has a large post fund, while

Military Affairs.

175

the relief fund, although constantly drawn upon, is kept in good condition. It
receives valuable aid from Custer Relief Corps and Custer Sons of Veterans.
April 1, 1891, there were 235 members in good standing. Regular meetings
are held weekly, on Monday evenings, at (1. A. R. Hall, in Pilsbury lilock,
corner of Lisbon and Pine streets. These comrades served in other than Maine
reg'iments : —

George D. Armstrong,

E. W. Bartlett,

Leander Bourque,

Fred A. Berthold,

John E. Carrigan,

Seth Chandler,

T. C. Chapman,

B. F. Cotton,

W. E. Cunningham,

Russell S. Daggett,

Hugh Daly,

Randall W. Dresser,

I. W. Emerson,

Charles G. English,

A. P. Foster,

Thomas Fahey,

Fred A. Hall,

William G. Haskell,

O. A. Horr, 114 U. S. Cav

Albert R. Hovey,

Charles Horbury,

J. Q. Huzzy,

John C. Jepson,

C, 13 Mass Inf

A, 19 Mass Inf

A, 7 N. H. Inf

1 Conn. Art

A, Marine Corps

L, 2 Mass Cav

E, 31 Mass Inf

C, 2 N. H. Inf

A, 5 Md Inf

Navy

G, 101 Penn. Inf

G, 1 U. S. Cav

B, 1 Mass Cav

A, (i N. H. Inf

Navy

7 Mass Bat .

2 Mass Art

Ass't Surgeon

A, 13 Mass Inf

Navy

H, 1 Minn. M. R

C, 6 Mass Inf

James Kelley,
Herman Klusner,
John H. Lander,
Benjamin Litchfield,
Samuel Lowell,
Charles Morgan,
Hiram A. Robinson,
James Scott,
W. H. Scruton,
O. L. Small,
N. B. Stockbridge,
Jonas W. Strout,
Christopher Thompson,
Fred Thornton,
E. W. Vosmus,
G. H. Lombard,
Charles E. Hayes,
George Willetts,
Samuel Wilkinson,
W. J. Cotton,
Rodney Hadley,
-Jacob L. Hayes,
John S. Hill,

Navy

K, 25 Mass Inf

F, 10 N. H. Inf

D, 13 Mass Inf

1, 20 Mass Inf

1, N. Y. Cav

B, 32 Mass Inf

G, 53 Ind. Inf

B, 86 111. Inf

B, 8 Penn. Cav

A, 142 N. Y. Inf

10 Mass Bat

I, 1 Oregon Inf

Navy

26 Mass Band

1 Mass Cav

Navy

1,7U. S. Inf

F, 4 N. H. Inf
3, N. H. Inf
7, N. H. Inf

Navy

G, 8 N. H. Inf

Folsom Post, No. J^-Jf, G. A. R., Auburn, was organized at Armory Hall,
Auburn, March 23, 1869. Charter members: A. A. Miller, George D. Field,
Roland W. Randall, Frank E. Miller, Orren Emerson, Henry Young, Charles
S. Emerson, Joseph Littlefield, James White. March 27, A. C. Pray, Henry
Little, A. H. Fish, Lyman Wright, Aretas B. Penney, S. H. West, Dr B. F.
Sturgis, Charles M. Goss, and S. B. Day were elected members, and officers
installed as follows: C. S. Emerson, Commander; A. C. Pray, S. V. C; A. A.
Miller, J. V. C; Henry Little, Adjutant; Joseph Littlefield, Q. M.; A. H.
Fish, S. M.; Lyman Wright, Q. M. S.; B. F. Sturgis, Surgeon. The post was
named in honor of Lieutenant James C. Folsom, killed at Cedar Mountain,
Va. This post relinquished its charter after an existence of eight years, during
which time it did a large amount of good work, one year paying out more for
relief to soldiers and soldiers' families than any other post in the state. Its
largest membership was about 180.

Wilson Post, No. 17, G-. A. R., Turner, was organized in 1876, with these
charter members: Jacob Keene (dec), Augustus H. Strickland (dec), Horace
Coburn, Elisha B. Lovejoy, Samuel A. Thomas (dec), Elbridge G. Francis,
Loren W, Morse, Charles B. Young (dec), John Y. Wood, Elonzo Fuller,

176 History of Androscoggin County.

Konello B. Keene. Its headquarters have been at North Turner. There have
been one hundred and forty-two mustered into its ranks; at present there are
sixty-six members in good standing. There is a fund of six hundred dollars
for relief and post use. Wilson Post decorates about eighty graves each year.
Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Turner, and Leeds are represented in this
post. E. G. Francis, E. B. Lovejoy, A. H. Pratt, M. K. Mabry, and Shirley
Merrill are past post commanders now living. H. T. Conant is the present
post commander, and Rev. M. K. Mabry, adjutant.

The following comrades did not enlist from Androscoggin county: Elonzo
Fuller, Hartford, First Maine Battery ; John Y. Wood, Hartford, Company E,
Sixteenth Maine; Sylvanus DeCosta, Hartford, Company C, Eighth Maine;
Moses Verrill, Buckfield, Company C, Twentieth Maine; Seth Alden, Hartford,
Company E, Sixteenth Maine; William G. Page, Hartford, Company E,
Eighteenth Maine; Jason Carney, Wayne, Company K, Third Maine; M. K.
Mabry, Hiram, Company K, Seventeenth Maine; A. H. Pratt enlisted in the
Fiftieth Massachusetts; Patrick Octril, Seventeenth Massachusetts; Ira L.
Mason, Fifth Ohio Cavalry.

Burndde Post, No. ^7, Cr. A. B., Auburn, was instituted October 21, 1881,
by Rev. W. G. Haskell, commander of the Department of Maine. There were
seventy-seven charter members: J. E. Ashe, C. W. Allen, Francis M. Allen,

B. F. Beals, D. Bickford, George D. Barnum, Rufus Bryant, B. K. Barrows,
Charles F. Burr, Horatio Bumpus, R. F. Bickford, J. W. Chaplin, J. W.
Chaplin, Jr, Charles W. Campbell, D. S. Curtis, George H. Dunham, Henry S.
Drake, George P. Day, James C. Drew, J. N. Foster, A. S. Folsora, Frank F.
Goss, C. M. Goss, Joseph Goss, R. L. Gilbert, Henry M. George, Benjamin J.
Hill, J. C. Harlow, R. L. Harlow, S. F. Haskell, R. G. Jackson, F. R. Jordan,
Florian Jordan,' C. B. Kimball, C. M. Keith, Henry Little, Alvah Leighton, C.
M. Lander, Alonzo P. Lamb, Abram Libby, Elias A. Lothrop, A. L. Lamarche,
George Lothrop, W. H. Lunt,^ Charles L. Metcalf, Clark Mitchell, Frank
Martin, I. B. Martin, F. E. Miller, George W. Moore, O. C. Phillips, A. M.
Peables, M. W. Penley, I. O. Partridge, S. G. Perry, Frank H. Read, Weston
H. Rand, iUifus E. Rounds, Thomas L. Roberts,' Frank J. Shaw, J. B. Saun-
ders, B. F. Sturgis, Edwin T. Stevens, Edward H. Sawyer, Robert M. Sykes,
Thomas Tyrie, H. Thompson, John E. True, R. B. Taylor, George F. True,
Murray I>. Watson, J. M. Wagg, Henry C. Weston, Benjamin Watson, Henry

C. Cony,' S. F. Chaplin, Delance Young. The first officers were: Thomas
Tyrie, Commander; Delance Young, S. V. C. ; J. E. Ashe, J. V. C; Edwin
T. Stevens, Q. M. ; A. M. Peables, Surgeon; George Lothrop, Chaplain;
George D. Barnum, O. D.; A. P. Lamb, O. G. ; Murray B. Watson, Adjutant;
C. M. Lander, S. M.; F. F. Goss, Q. M. S. This post is one of the largest and
most influential posts in Maine. Its total membership has been 486, and at

1 Not eligible to membership.

Military Affairs.

177

present writing (March, 1891,) it has 310 members in good standing. It has
ever been an active body, and has discharged its duties in a faithful manner.
It has had nearly every year a fine parade on Memorial Day, when the
numerous cemeteries in the town have been visited and the graves of soldiers
decorated. Its fairs have met the hearty support of the people and brought to
the relief fund ample supplies, which have been expended wisely and gener-
ously in the aid of sick and distressed soldiers and their families. Its record
is a noble one. The moneys paid out for charitable purposes since its organi-
zation amount to thousands of dollars. It has two valuable auxiliaries — the
Relief Corps and Sons of Veterans, that have been of great service in its good
works. The commanders have been Thomas Tyrie, Delance Young, J. E.
Ashe, Charles S. Emerson, George Lothrop, J. N. Foster, Edwin T. Stevens,
A. B. Crafts, Charles L. Metcalf, H. B. Sawyer.

Some of the leading citizens of Auburn who were not soldiers are connected
with the post as honorary members, and are called Honorary Reserves. Two
of these, Ara Cushman and E. T. Gile, each have purchased a Post Memorial
Record, costing $100 per volume, to secure for the post the complete war
record of each member, and Comrade Henry Little, the post historian, is now
making the transcript in these magnificent volumes. The flag which waves
over Edward Little High School when in session, was presented by Burn-
side Post, April 9, 1890. The post has, at 46 Main street, a fine hall with
reading and social rooms attached, where weekly meetings are held Wednesday
evenings. These members served in other than Maine organizations: —

George Acherson,

Serg., A, 12th R. I

George H. Howard,

B, 1st H. A

William E. Alden,

Unattached Mass

Moses D. Hodgkins,

G, 45th Mass

Isaac S. Ayers,

F, 104th 111

J. A. Hackett,

Serg., C, 1st 111. Art

George D. Barnum,

C, 12th Mass

W. H. Hanscom,

D, 74th N. Y

R. F. Bickford,

I, 12th N. H

Thomas Hayes,

U. S. S. Sabine

David Bickford,

A, 2d Mass

H. N. Hood,

A, 3d Mass

R. S. Bradbury,

A, 2d Mass

John M. Kennison,

Serg., D, 7th N. H

George H. Billington,

58th Mass

Oliver P. Laverty,

E, 25th Mass

James W. Chaplin,

H, 6th Mo. Cav

Lawrenton Lane,

A, 17th U. S. Inf

Henry Clark,

U. S. N

William A. Miller,

6th Ind. Mass

William P. Dyer,

8th Mass H. A

Michael McGrath,

F, 91st N. Y

George M. Dyer,

G, 19th Mass

Enoch C. Nevrton,

G, 18th Conn

Henry P. Dorman,

A, 13th Mass

A. M. Peables,

Surg., 30th U. S. Col

G. W. Daicy,

Serg., D, 53d Penn

J. D. Pulsifer,

paymaster U. S. A

Charles Dinsmore,

D, 3d Vt

George H.Rock,

K, 1st Va Cav

Walter S. Eldridge,

F, 92d N. Y

Edwin T. Stephens,

Serg., D, 1st Mass Bat

Nelson Fogg,

C, 2d Mass H. A

Thomas Tyrie,

Serg., H, 1st N.H. Cav

H. M. George,

A, 17th Vt

Hannibal Thompson,

Corp., L, 2d Mass H. A

F. W. Garrett,

Mus., 13th Mass

Albert F. Whiting,

K, 7th Mass

Horace INI. Gurney,

K, 14th Mass H. A

Charles W. Wallace,

E, 6th Vt

John Gray,

G, 7th U. S. Inf

A. D. Whitman,

G, 13th Mass

I. C. Hanson,

K, 3d U. S. Art

William Willett,

U.S. N

Ruel W. Hanscom,

I, 43d Mass

Albert A. Young,

Corp., D, 33d Mass

Behj. F. B. Holmes,

C, 1st Mass Cav

178 History of Androscoggin County.

Burnside Belief Corps was instituted January 30, 1883. It had thirty-three
charter members and its first officers were: President, Dr Mary Bates Stevens;
Vice-President, Mrs C. E. Moulton ; Secretary, Mrs Ella A. Beals ; Treasurer,
Mrs Amy Estes ; Chaplain, Mrs Annie Foster; Conductor, Mrs George D.
Barnum; Guard, Mrs M. E. Smith; Past President, Lydia A. Bickford.
Since organization the corps has had over 275 members on its books. It has
furnished for the state department of the society two presidents, two secre-
taries, two treasurers, one inspector, and one director. The corps and the post
work hand in hand for the good of the veterans and their families, and in a
year do a large amount of labor and accomplish much good.

A. A. DwinaJ Post, No. 3, Gr. A. B., Mechanic Falls. — This post, named in
honor of one of Minot's youngest citizen soldiers, a lieutenant in Company E,
Seventeenth Maine Regiment, whose picture and sword hang on the walls of
the hall where the post meets weekly, was instituted July 18, 1872, by
Inspector W. H. Pennell, of Portland. Although only nine men, Josiah Carr,
Augustus Golderman, Asa L. Downs, Elliot King, R. D. Weston, L. L.
Brown, H. T. Bucknam, David Farr, G. M. Holt, and Edward F. Ross were
named in the charter, thirty-one men were present at the institution, viz.:
Josiah Carr, Augustus Golderman, H. T. Bucknam, Z. M. Cushman, S.
Hiram Hutchinson, Nathaniel Harding, Frank A. Millett, Eliab Bryant, James
L. Dingley, A. L. Rounds, David Farr, A. S. Harmon, Mellen Greene, William
C. Bridge, Frank Bridge, G. M. Holt, Elliot King, G. W. Currier, Asa L.
Downs, William A. Tobie, Joseph R. Bearce, W. W. Pratt, Edward F. Ross,
Hiram B. King, Percival D. Herrick, Richard D. Weston, L. L. Brown,
Edward Fuller, Ronello Dwinal, Hiram Moore, Hiram P. Bailey. The first
officers were: Commander, Josiah Carr; Senior Vice Commander, Hamlin T.
Bucknam; Junior Vice Commander, Z. M. Cushman; Chaplain, Zenas
Thompson; Quartermaster, G. M. Holt; Officer of the Day, S. H. Hutchinson;
Officer of the Guard, Asa L. Downs ; Adjutant, Augustus Golderman ;
Sergeant-Major, Mellen Greene; Quartermaster Sergeant, Elliot King. The
commanders since that time have been : Horace A. Sawyer, 1873 ; Hamlin T.
Bucknam, 1874 ; Edward Fuller, 1875 ; Edward F. Ross, 1876 ; Frank R.
Harmon, 1877 and 1878; Hiram B. King, 1879; William H. Poole, 1880;
William C. Bridge, 1881 ; Charles B. Adams, 1882; George W. Robbins, 1883;
Hamlin T. Bucknam, 1884; F. Edwin Dwinal, 1885; Asa L. Downs, 1886;
George W. Sholes, 1887; Frank A. Millett, 1888; Charles N. Burns, 1889;
Orrin Downs, 1890 ; Joseph Gould, 1891. The present officers are : Commander,
Joseph Gould; Senior Vice Commander, Dexter D. Skinner; Junior Vice
Commander, Charles S. Greene; Adjutant, Charles N. Burns; Quartermaster,
Hamlin T. Bucknam; Chaplain, George W. Sholes; Surgeon, Francis E.
Mabry ; O. D., John F. Bancroft ; ( ). G., Amos Tilton. The post held its first
meeting in Briggs's Hall, in the block now owned by D. B. Perry, and occupied

Military Affairs. 179

these quarters until about 1883, when it leased and moved into J. 1). Curtis's
hall, where its meetings are held. With the aid of liberal contributions from
the citizens of Minot and Poland the post has erected a beautiful soldier's
monument in ^Mechanic Falls, "Dedicated May 30, A.D. 1887, to the memory
of those comrades who died during the war, 1861-1865."

These members of the post served in organizations outside the state: Frank
A. Millett, 4 Mass. Heavy Art., Co. I; Z. M. C'ushman, 1st Mass., Co. I), lieut;
Hiram B. King, Co. K, 1 D. C. Cav.; J. C. Owens, Co. G, 181 Ohio; H. A.
Sawyer, Co. H, 1st Mass.; George F. Church, Co. G, 11 Mass.; Horatio H.
Gammon, Co. G, 43 Mass.; Henry M. George, Co. A, 17 Vt Inf.; Albert H.
Law, Co. C, 33 Ind.; Jeremiah Robinson, Co. C, 4 Mass. Cav.; L. F. Johnson,
Co. G, 2 Mass.; Edson F. Howard, 19 unattached Mass. Vols.; Moses D. Hodg-
kins, Co. G, 45 Mass.; B. R. Sumner, Navy; Orrin AV. Bartlett, Co. L, 1 D. C.
Cav.; Harry W. Jordan, Co. E, 14 N. H. ; Albert J. Smith, Navy; E. H.
Damon, Co. G, 2 D. C. Inf.; John Faunce, Co. I, 1 D. C. Cav.; Michael
McGrath, Co. F, 91 N. Y.; Charles Greene, 1 N. H. Heavy Art.

Berry Post, JVo. 10, Cr. A. R., Lisbon. — A post was instituted here February
1, 1868, by Captains I. S. Faunce and J. S. P. Ham, with these officers: O. E.
Small, P. C; Charles W. Gerrish, S. V. C; W. H. H. Atwood, J. V. C;
Emery Gilbert, Adjutant; Judson Ames, Q. M.; L. Judkins, S.; George W.
Jordan, Chaplain. This had a brief life, for May 8, 1871, Berry Post was
instituted by George A. Parker, of Lewiston, with twenty-eight members. E.
M. Shaw was commander; W. PI. Atwood, adjutant; E. B. Warren, quarter-
master. The post was named in honor of General Hiram G. Berry, of Rock-
land. These members served in organizations outside of Maine: W. H. Miles,
2 Mass.; Frank E. Grinniger, 47 Mass.; Edward Marr, Engineer Corps; James
Ives, 56 Mass.; N. J. Shaw, 72 N. Y.; S. Stone, 1 Ver.; Jesse Coffin, J. A.
Rogers, U. S. N. ; H. P. Thompson, hospital steward. Meetings are held in
Farwell Hall, semi-monthly.

Knox Post, No. 1'20, G-. A. R., Lewiston, was organized May 5, 1890, at
Clan Campbell Hall, Lewiston, by the officers of the Department of the Grand
Army of jNIaine. The officers jtresent were : John I). Anderson, Department
Commander; M. C. Wadsworth, Senior Vice Commander; John D. Williams,
Junior Vice Commander; B. F. Beals, Assistant Quartermaster; E. C. Mil-
liken, Assistant Adjutant-General; J. W. Oilman, Chief Mustering Officer.
The following were elected officers : Danville B. Stevens, Commander ; R. R.
Ricker, Senior Vice Commander; F. C. Tarr, Junior Vice Commander;
William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quartermaster; E. C. Douglas,
Chaplain; C. H. Allen, Officer of the Day; A. B. Holland, Officer of the
Guard ; C. H. Weymouth, Sergeant-Major ; I. W. Hodgdon, Quartermaster
Sergeant. The charter membei'S were: Danville B. Stevens, R. R. Ricker, F.
C. Tarr, William Baird (12 Mass.), M. A. Murphy, E. C. Douglas, C. H. Allen,

180 History of Androscoggin County.

A. B. Holland, C. H. Weymouth, I. W. Hodgdon, C. H. Jumper, D. B. Cressey,
L. D. Parker, John A. Hodgden, G. G. Wagg, Henry J. Penney, L. G. Dingley,
Horace V. Whitcomb, P. R. Nevens, Levi Webber, J. M. Sherman, E. E. Hall,
I. S. Faunce, R. D. Damren, George B. Haskell, George W. Hartwell, William
N. Higgins, F. E. Bisbee, William Barnes, L. C. Robbins, Joseph A. Johnson,
David Nash, Byron D. Babcock, A. S. Donnell.

The post retired to Lyceum Hall, where the officers were publicly installed.
After the installation the ladies of Knox Relief Corps held an informal recep-
tion, during which they presented to the post a check for -flOO, the president,
Miss Nellie G. Ham, making the presentation. The year has been a prosperous
one. The membership is forty-six. The officers for the year are : R. R.
Ricker, Commander; F. C. Tarr, Senior Vice Commander; A. B. Holland,
Junior Vice Commander; William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quarter-
master; George B. Haskell, Chaplain; Levi Webber, Officer of the Day; H.
V. Whitcomb, Officer of the Guard; C. H. Allen, Sergeant Major; J. W.
Hodgdon, Quartermaster's Sergeant.

Kimhnll Fosf, No. 38, Gr. A. B., Livermore Falls, was organized May 9,
1881, with these charter members: Commander, Augustus D. Brown; S. V.
C, David F. Blunt; J, V. C, Josiah Mitchell; Surgeon, Almado R.Smith;
Chaplain, George Tarr; O. D., John F. Lamb; O. G,, James Ridley; Q. M.,
Adelbert Alden; Adjutant, Edgar M. Eustis; S. M., Rufus M. Dinsraore; Q.
M. S., Granville Richmond, James Elliott, Lyman Harmon. The present
membership (April, 1891,) is sixty-two, of whom these served in organizations
out of the state: Charles R. Loring, U. S. N. ; Loring P. Gould, K, 3 Mass.;
John Girard, H, 2 R. L; A. B. Holmes, 20 Mass.; J. F. Jefferds, 1 Mass. H. A.
Of the charter members, Josiah Mitchell died April 18, 1889, and Edgar M.
Eustis in December of the same year. The officers for 1891 are: Commander,
A. D. Brown; S. V. C, A. Alden; J. V. C, Charles Burgess; Surgeon, C. W.
Brown ; Chaplain, J. L. Morse; Q. M., T. Stone; O. D., J. Ridley; O. G., C.
N. Kincaid; Adjutant, George Tarr; S. M., C. R. Loring; Q. M. S., James
Elliott. The past commanders are: A. D. Brown, C. R. Loring, John F.
Lamb, Josiah Mitchell, J. F. Jefferds, C. W. Brown, George Tarr. The adju-
tants have been: E. M. Eustis, C. R. Loring, A. B. Holmes, George Tarr. The
post holds its meetings in G. A. R. Hall, on Depot street. It decorates graves
in Livermore, East Tjivermore, Jay, and other places Kimball Relief Corps,
No. 31, was organized in December, 1885, with thirty-four members. Mrs J. F.
Lamb was president; Mrs May Allen, vice-president.

Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. — This patriotic order, founded in 1881,
admits to membership the sons, not less than eighteen years of age, of deceased
or honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, or marines, who served in the Union
army or navy during the Civil War of 1861-65, and the sons of members of
the order, not less than twenty-one years of age. No one is eligible who has

Military Affairs. 181

ever been convicted of an infamous crime, or who has, or whose father has,
ever borne arms against the government of the United States. Its objects are
"to keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices to maintain the
Union, and to promote their interests and welfare as opportunity may offer or
necessity may demand; to aid and assist in caring for their helpless and
disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to their widows and orphans ;
to perpetuate the memory of their heroic dead, and the proper observance of
Memorial Day ; to aid and assist worthy and needy members of our order ; to
inculcate patriotism and love of country, not only amongst our membership,
but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sustain the doctrine of
equal rights, universal liberty, and justice to all." The announced principles
are a firm belief and trust in Almighty God, and a recognition of His beneficent
guidance in the preservation of the life and integrity of the nation. True
allegiance to the government of the United States of America, a respect for
and fidelity to its constitution, laws, and opposition to any sj^stem or power
that in any manner tends to impair the efficiency and permanency of our
National Union.

In 1882 General I. S. Bangs, of Waterville, who had been commissioned to
inaugurate the order in Maine, organized James A. Garfield Camp, No. 1, in
Waterville. This was an experimental camp, composed of lads under fourteen
years, and, after successfully exemplifying the workings of the ritual, it ceased
to exist. The first camp in Maine organized under the constitution, rules, and
regulations of the order was

Almon C\ Pray Camp^ No. 2. — This was established by Provisional
Colonel Frank P. Merrill, at Auburn, January 16, 1883, and fourteen charter
members were mustered in. These were Frank P. Merrill, Fred H. Storah,
Herbert A. Goss, John C Blake, Leonard A. Pray, Melville E. Goss, A. A.
Mower, Arthur C. Wyman, George D. Emerson, Henry Harvey, Samuel H.
Dill, Wallace P. Dill, Robert E. Casey, Henry G. Casey.

The first officers were H. A. Goss, captain ; A. C. Wyman, M. E. Goss,
lieutenants; John C. Blake, first sergeant; S. H. Dill, quartermaster sergeant.
The camp has now sixty-six members. The meetings are weekly, on Tuesday
evenings, and have been held in the G. A. R. Hall from organization except in
1886-7-8, when they were held in Union and Glover's Band halls. The
captains have been H. A. Goss, A. C. Wyman, S. H. Dill, G. D. Emerson, F.
W. Davis, C. E. Merrill, C. L. Wright, D. M. Chamberlain, F. L. Beals, O. H.
Bradbury. Those members entitled to vote in the Division Encampment are
the past captains, F. L. Donnell, G. A. Field, F. P. Merrill (past commander-
in-chief), John C. Blake (past colonel of division), W. A. Ripley (inspector of
division). F. W. Davis has been division quartermaster, F. L. Beals member
of division council, C. E. Merrill aid-de-camp on staff of commander-in-chief.
F. L. Dearborn was delegate to the last National Encampment held in Auburn

182 History of Androscoggin County.

in June, 1891. The officers installed in January were O. H. Bradbury,
captain; C. A. Campbell, first lieutenant; J. H. Folsoni, second lieutenant;
George W. Wing, chaplain ; J. Sherman Douglass, first sergeant ; F. W.
Haskell, quartermaster; H. C. Mitchell, color sergeant; E. H. Bickerton,
sergeant of guard ; Warren M. Spearin, camp guard ; George E. Sleeper,
picket-guard; Charles E. Merrill, D. M. Chamberlain, Frank L. Beals, camp
council. The first permanent division of Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. —
Division of Maine — was organized at Auburn, April 10, 1888, in connection
with Almon C. Pi-ay Camp, and Frank P. Merrill elected colonel.

Ouster Camp, S. of T", U. S. A., Lewlston, was instituted March 16, 1883,
and had twenty-four charter members: G. W. Martin, Ranee H. Babb, Pearl
Babb, George E. Faunce, I. S. Blake, Fred Edgecomb, I. L. Quinby, Harry H.
Miller, Fred Merryfield, George B. Estes, Henry R. Ham, H. Arthur Goodwin,
Burton S. Stubbs, Charles F. Nealey, Charles F. Stanley, Willard Hayford, E. H.
Jackson, H. L. Wright, Charles F. Hayford, Edwin E. Rowe, Fred W. Goodwin,
Charles M. Penney, C. S. Jackson, A. Holland. The first commissioned officers
were: Lyman H. Wright, captain; George E. Faunce, first lieutenant; H. H.
Miller, second lieutenant; Charles F. Hayford, chaplain; George W. Martin,
surgeon. For the first years the camp had great prosperity. It has had ninety-
one names on its roll of members, and has been especially active in charitable
work. It has cordially and ably supported the Grand Army in its weighty
duties, and has been numbered among the first-class camps in Maine. The
captains have been Lyman H. Wright, Harry H. Miller, George A. Field, E. H.
Jackson, George E. Faunce, Beaumont Stevens, Charles F. Hayford, Charles L.
Witham, Willard Hayford, A. F. Nutting, Frank A. Lapham, Edward M. Small.

Kimball Camp-, S. of F"., No. 11, Livermore Falh, was organized February
23, 1888, with sixteen charter members : Charles L. Day, captain ; Charles
Elliott, G. A. Thompson, D. W. Mitchell, E. E. Kincaid, E. Y. Kincaid, C. N.
Kincaid, H. S. Kincaid, George Tarr, George A. Parker, J. L, Goodwin, J. H.
Royal, C. W. Brown, Jr, Charles A. Gould, Warren Hyde, W. B. Gould, Leon
Blunt, Herbert Newman. The first officers were C. L. Day, captain; C. N.
Kincaid, J. G. Loring, lieutenants; S. C. Elliott, S. G. ; C. W. Brown, first
sergeant ; George Tarr, chaplain ; H. Newman, sergeant-major ; I. L. Goodwin,
color sergeant; C. A. Gould, corporal of guard; W. B. Gould, inside guard; J.
H. lioyal, outside guard. There were thirty -four members April 1, 1891, and
these officers: C. N. Kincaid, captain; J. C. Hatch, C. W. True, lieutenants;

E. Ridley, S. G.; W. B. Gould, first sergeant; R. N. Holmes, quartermaster;

F. H. Farrington, color sergeant; E. Y. Kincaid, inside guard; E. E. Kincaid,
outside guard; C. L. Day, chaplain. Meetings are held in G. A. R. Hall.

A. J. Pelter Camp, No. 60, Mechanic Falls, was organized March 12, 1891,
with I). S. Smith, captain; A. A. Cobb and George Sawyer, lieutenants; O.
C. Bridge, C. M. Cobb, H. C. Bucknam, camp counsel.

IIATIIORX HALL, HATES CDLLEGL.

184 History of Androscoggin County.

On the other hand there are considerations serving in a measure to coun-
teract these powerful competitive influences. All the attractions of college halls
do not stand to the credit of age, else new comers would be entirely shut out.
The customs, traditions, methods, and spirit dominating an institution in the
name of the past, may lack adaptation to the intellectual and moral interests
of students of the present day. Besides, the flush and freedom and energy
of youth may make liberal compensations in the class-room for the must of
antiquity wanting there.

The disadvantage under which a new college begins may also, in a
measure, be offset, if it is to be devoted to a special line of instruction, and
if it is planted on a rich foundation. But let it propose to be of the same
general character as that of other colleges; let it start in poverty, looking for
support and equipment to funds to be gathered here and there by personal
solicitation, and largely from persons of small means ; let it aim to secure on
meager salaries a full and able faculty, attempt to win the confidence of
tlie public in an institution half equipped, and attract students to an alma
mater without children, and the difficulties it would have to surmount would
be precisely those confronting the founders of Bates College as they began
their work. By their uncommon faith and courage, however, they at the
outset gave hostages to the friends of education that, in spite of the magnitude
of their undertaking, it should be carried to success.

They saw that certain educational wants in New England were not met by
any existing college. They knew, as well, that in some special directions a
need existed that only a new college could supply. Believing also in the
leadings of Providence in the matter, they started the institution, and stood
ready to give to every man a reason for calling it into existence.

Raison d'etre. I. Denominational Need. — The primary object of the
projectors of the college was to provide the Free Baptists of New England
with an institution of their own for the higher education of their children.
When the enterprise was started, this denomination, having in New England
r)00 churches, 30,000 church members, and thrice that number of church
attendants, had no college east of Hillsdale, Michigan. Several small acad-
emies and two large seminaries of a higher grade constituted their educational
equipment. From these schools classes of young men were annually sent to
colleges controlled by other denominations.

Among the Free Baptists no popular demand for the college existed, only
a great need, and a great possibility. Its projectors expected to meet opposi-
tion, but knew that if the college were once secured, the effect of denomina-
tional ownership would be to awaken interest in it, to make the churches
centers for advertising its advantages, and to set the ministers at work to find
students and put them on the way to its halls; they knew, also, that many
young people, who would otherwise never be reached by a call to enter on a

Bates College. 185

thorough course of study, would now come under a special jiressure to fit for
college and begin the pursuit of learning. Within the denomination, therefore,
it was plain that room and reason enough for the college could be found. But
patronage from this source alone would be comparatively small. The college
required a larger constituency ; and another large class remained needing if
not asking for its aid.

II. Co-education. — Prior to 1863 no college in New England opened its
doors to her sons and daughters alike, or opened them to her daughters at all.
Against the principle of co-education old customs, traditions, inherited preju-
dices were stoutly arrayed. If a college would come forward, accepting the
hazard of the experiment, and admit young women to its classes on the same
terms as it did young men, it doubtless would in time find its intelligent and
generous action appreciated, and have the honor of first ministering to this
peculiar educational need. If Bates had no other sufficient reason for its
existence, it certainly had one here, and one that came to be approved by the
later spread of the principle of co-education.

III. Ind'Kjetit jSfvdents. — Few of the old colleges managed their affairs
in the interest of a class of students compelled by their own exertions to pay
their way through the course. By the standards of the poor the scale of
expenses was high in all New England colleges, and to many a youth disheart-
ening. However willing to work, the sons and daughters of farmers and
mechanics saw no reasonable prospect of earning enough money to cover the
expense of four years' work in college, after meeting the expense of a prepara-
tion for college.

College history shows that expenses tend to increase with the age and
wealth of the institution. Funds are, therefore, provided, to a limited extent,
for directly assisting poor students. But however delicately given, this form
of charity chafes the spirit of the beneficiary. American youth prize their
independence and demand the right to meet their companions as equals. When
Bates was projected there was need of a college where, without loss of self-
respect or social standing, poor young men and women could get on, pay their
bills, and reach graduation the peei's of any other student, if only peers in
brains and scljolarshij).

IV. Local /Support. — The location of Bates promised to secure it the
attendance of a large number of students of botli sexes from the homes of
Lewiston and Auburn. Bates was to stand in the midst of more than thirty
thousand people. To the young people of its neighborhood a college is an
object-lesson on the value of an education. The sound of the college bell,
the sight of the grounds and buildings animate with student life, the results
of college training shovi^n in public declamations, debates, and other rhetorical
and literary exhibitions, together with the inspiring scenes of Class Day and
Commencement Day, powerfully appeal to the youth living in the vicinity of a

186 History of Androscoggin County.

college urging them not to be left behind by their equals in age in the pursuit
of the best things of life. Bates saw a great opportunity to diffuse intelli-
gence and culture in society at its doors.

V. The General Pnhlic. — In addition to serving the wants of the special
classes named, the college saw a good chance to do no inconsiderable work
for the cause of higher education, irrespective of any special class. By main-
taining a decided moral and Christian character, and by securing a reputation
for the quality of its instruction, the college might reasonably expect that
parents would often prefer to intrust to it the training of their children.

In view of all these considerations, it was evident that New England had
left a large place vacant in her educational work for Bates College to fill. Its
originators could reasonably count on adequate patronage, increasing from
year to year, if they went forward and called the college into existence.

The Beginning of the College. — The Maine State Seminary. — The
college was developed from the Maine State Seminary and succeeded to its
lands and buildings. Hence it is necessary to give some account of the latter
institution. The seminary was chartered by the state in 1855, and was given
$15,000 on condition that its friends would raise an equal sum. Before the
seminary was begun, or its location fixed, many Maine towns, appreciating the
advantages it would bring to the place securing it, made strenuous efforts to
obtain it. China, South China, Hallowell, West Waterville, Unity, Vienna,
Pittsfield, and Lewiston, competed in offers for it. The people of Lewiston
agreed to raise $10,000 for the seminary and to provide it a site worth $5,000,
and won the prize. Of the money from the state, $10,000 were to be set aside
as a fund ; the remainder could be used for any purpose needed. The
conditions of the state grant having been met by the payment of the pledges
made by the citizens of Lewiston, the seminary started on a capital of $30,000.
This sum was soon increased by many private donations.

Two buildings were constructed on a well chosen site, Parker and Hathorn
halls. The former is a brick dormitory, 147 x 44 feet, three stories high,
divided into two distinct apartments, with dining halls in the basement. This
building was named in honor of Hon. Thomas Parker, of Farmington, Me, the
largest individual contributor towards its construction. Tlie latter hall is a
beautiful brick building, 86 x 50 feet, containing the chapel, recitation, and
society rooms, cabinet, and library. It was so called to commemorate the
liberality of Mr and Mrs Seth Hathorn, of Woolwich, Me, who gave $5,000
towards the erection of the building. Another dormitory like Parker Hall,
and designed to balance it on the opposite side of Hathorn Hall, was included
in the original plan, but was never built.

In September, 1857, the seminary began the work of instruction. One
hundred and thirty-seven students were in attendance, eighty-three gentlemen
and fifty-four ladies. The corps of instructors consisted of Rev. O. B. Cheney,

Bates College. 187

A.M., principal; Miss Rachel Symonds, preceptress; George H. Ricker, A.M.,
John A. Lowell, A.M., Miss Jane W. Hoy-t, and Miss Mary R. Cushman.
Three courses of study were taught: a classical course, fitting students for
college ; a ladies' course that, omitting Greek, went beyond the classical course
in Latin, and included modern languages, mental and moral philosophy, and
other advanced studies; an English course, designed especially to meet the
wants of students looking to a business life.

The seminary took high rank among institutions of its kind. That it
placed scholarly ideals before its students appears from the fact that, until it
was transformed into a college, it graduated on an average, each year, a class
of twelve fitted to enter college. During these six years, also, forty-one young
ladies took the full course of study in their department. It was very natural,
therefore, that the thoughtful teachers of the seminary should begin to question
the wisdom of Free Baptists in maintaining the seminary as a source of supply
for colleges of other denominations.

The Originator or the College. — As the seminary largely owed its
rise to its principal, so even more did the college. In the autumn of 1854,
while Mr Cheney was pastor of the Free Baptist Church, in Augusta, Me,
Parsonsfielcl Seminary, at that time the only Free Baptist school in the state,
was destroyed by fire. At once Mr Cheney conceived the idea of substituting
for it a higher seminary, in a more central location. Taking others into his
counsels, and ably seconded at every step and sometimes led by Rev. Ebenezer
Knowlton, Mr Cheney brought to pass most of the measures, and largely
secured the means by which the Maine State Seminary was founded, and
carried to its good degree of prosperity. Meanwhile, other ideas grew upon
him, and a larger plan took shape in his mind. He saw the opportunity, felt
the necessity, and pressed the subject of using the seminary as the foundation
of a college.

At the annual meeting of the trustees of the seminary, in 1862, sixteen of
its young men presented a petition to the board for college instruction to be
provided them in the institution. In anticipation of the inevitable change the
right of the seminar}^ thus to enlarge its scope and to confer degrees had been
obtained from the state, on conditions, however, as yet unmet. Mr Cheney
now requested the trustees to add to the seminary a college department. The
trustees were not ready to adopt so bold a measure. To the petitioners they
replied that the}^ dared not assure them that their request would be granted,
but advised them to consult with their teachers in respect to enlarging the
course of study in the seminary.

The trustees hesitated, with good reason. They questioned their ability to
secure funds sufficient to give a college any standing or worth. For the year
just closed the regular income of the seminary was less than '16,000. The
chapel in Hathorn Hall was not finished. The seminary had but two build-

188 History of Androscoggin County.

ings. rts assets over liabilities, exclusive of land and buildings, were only
.^12,000. Free Baptist educational interests centered in New Hampton, N. H.,
divided the sympathies of the churches, and prevented a concentration of
denominational effort at I>ewiston. Already a tripartite agreement between
the Theological School, New Hampton Institution, and Maine State Seminary
aiming to become a college, had been proposed, and was under advisement.

Notwithstanding these objections, at the next annual meeting, in July,
1863, the trustees unanimously voted " That the seminary be hereafter known
and called by the name of liates College," and that application be made to the
next legislature for a college charter under that name.

This vote meant that, during the year, friends of education in and out of
the denomination had been approached upon this subject and that there
appeared to be a reasonable prospect of success in the attempt to found a
college. Prior to the annual meeting of the board two special meetings had
been held, — one in February, at Augusta, to take action on certain generous
proposals received from wealthy gentlemen of Boston who were interested in
the business enterprises of Lewiston. Encouraged by this unexpected and
liberal promise of help in an attempt to enlarge the institution, the trustees
resolved to go forward in that direction. At a second special meeting of the
board, in May, at Lewiston, it was voted to commence a college course in the
fall and to put an agent in the field to solicit funds for the great undertaking.

These offers of aid came to the trustees through the activity of Mr Cheney.
He was the head and front of this enterprise, and was the secret, when not
manifest, force back of almost every movement in its favor ; and it was chiefly
due to his faith and determination, courage and persistency, that the desired
result was reached. He believed in Lewiston as a favorable place for such an
institution, and was convinced that if it were managed in the interests of poor
students and of students of both sexes, patronage would flow to it. He knew,
also, that his denomination would gladly second an attempt to plant a college
of its own, if men of wealth were found ready to aid it by their benefactions.

An Honored Name. — Providentially, at this time several such men had
large sums of money invested in Lewiston, who, both for the sake of the city
and for the cause of education, had taken a generous interest in the seminary.
Foremost of these was Mr Benjamin E. Bates. Possessed of great wealth, he
had cherished the thought of devoting a good part of it to the benefit of
mankind through an institution of learning. Taking the seminary into his
favor, he encouraged the i)roject of clianging its character. In 1863 he offered
to give the trustees .125,000 if they would raise $75,000 towards making it a
college. The next year he made them the munificent offer of 175,000 more, on
condition that they would raise !|25,000. These conditions having been met
to his satisfaction, Mr Bates paid the college '1100,000, and became its honored
founder.

Bates College. 189

In view of his first proposition, the trustees voted that the college should
bear his name, an honor as unexpected by Mr Bates as it was deserved. For in
this, as in all his many subsequent favors to the college, Mr IJates was governed
by philanthropic and Christian motives. He understood the value to our
country of Christian colleges, and looked upon the opportunity of aiding a
small denomination to found such a college as a happy way of executing one
of his benevolent intentions. It may be questioned if he could have found for
his money a wider field of usefulness. To his distinguished liberality in
thought and deed the college owes its existence. Without his benefactions
the labors of Mr Cheney would have been unavailing.

Other Details. — In 1864 the trustees secured from the legislature of the
state an act changing the name of Maine State Seminary to Bates College,
and allowing all the property of the seminar}^ to become the property of the
college, the same as if the college and seminary were one. In addition to this,
the state made a grant of land to the college, valued at $20,000. This grant
was accompanied by the provision that the state should control ten scholarships
in the college, giving free tuition to as many need}^ students, the children of
soldiers falling in the war having the preference.

The course of study adopted was made very similar to that of other colleges
in New England. Invitations to enter the freshman class were sent out. The
terms of admission were not made low for the sake of attracting students. It
was determined by the government that the college should be of the same
grade as that of other New England colleges.

It is interesting to notice what were the standard requirements for
admission to New England colleges in 1863.

The Terms of Admission. — Latin — Virgil's ^Eneid, nine books; Virgil's
Bucolics and first two (Tcorgics; Hanson's Cicero, Sallust and Csesar; Arnold's
Prose Composition, twenty -four exercises; Andrew's & Stoddard's Latin Gram-
mar. Greek — Xenophon's Anabasis, five books; Homer's Iliad, first book;
Greek Grammar. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Robinson's; Algebra, first six
sections, Smyth. JSne/Iish — Ancient and Modern History; Ancient and
Modern Geography ; English Grammar.

Sixteen joined the first freshman class, of whom eight continued through
the course. At the end of the first four years the classes stood: seniors, 8;
juniors, 7 ; sophomores, 9 ; freshmen, 24 ; whole number, 48.

The first catalogue of the college gave the faculty as follows: Rev. Oren
B. Cheney, A.M., President; Levi W. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Greek
Language and Literature ; Selden F. Neal, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ;
Jonathan Y. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature;
Horace R. Cheney, A.B., Tutor in Latin and Mathematics.

In 1865 Professor Neal resigned to enter upon the practice of medicine, and
Tutor Cheney also resigned that he might begin the study of law. The next

190 History of Androscoggin County.

year Professor L. W. Stanton accepted the principalship of an institution in
IJyfield, Mass. The places thus vacated were filled by temporary instructors,
and by the permanent professors of whom mention is made in another place.

College and Seminary SErARATED. — When the college opened the
seminary remained as a department of the. college, sharing with it Parker and
Hathorn Halls, the grounds, library, and apparatus. As the college classes
o-rew, the mistake of associating, in this way, students of all grades of advance-
ment began to be recognized, and a complete separation of the college and
seminary was declared to be necessary. Hence, in 1867, a site then near but
now within the college campus was selected, and a commodious brick building,
100x43 feet, three stories high, was constructed, at a cost of |>30,000, and
named Nichols Hall in honor of Mr Lyman Nichols of Boston. Here, the
next year, the seminary took up its abode, under the control of its own faculty
and board of trustees. By a new seminary charter the college was required
to pay the seminary not less than forty, nor more than fifty thousand dollars.

The Latin School. — Three years prior to this separation, the college
preparatory class in the seminary had been formed into a distinct body of
students, called the Latin School, having for its special work, by a three years'
course of study, to fit students for college. Without involving any immediate
change in the character of the seminary, this action had the effect to bring
into special prominence this department, and to make it attractive to the
ambitious student. The influence of the college upon the seminary was
generally recognized to be in favor of the Latin School as of the first import-
ance. This department soon became the heart of the institution. Ere long
the idea of discontinuing the seminary in the interests of the Latin School was
broached. Hence it came about that, the next year after the seminary took
possession of Nichols Hall, the Ladies' De[)artment was discontinued, and,
together with -$5,000, was presented to the Maine Central Institute, a new
Free Baptist school in Pittsfield, Maine. The Latin School was retained and
this, with the remaining property of the seminary, was given over to the
college. Then the charter of the seminary was surrendered.

The endeavor to carry on a seminary in connection with the college, after
the manner of not a few successful institutions in the West, proved unsatis-
factory, and was at length abandoned. The various changes through which
the institution passed before its final state was evolved were not made without
some opposition. Ardent friends of the seminary, in the name of which the
enterprise was started, were not all ardent for the college, and some of them
viewed its absorption of the property of the seminary, and its willingness to
have the seminary given up, as wanting in good faith. Time, however,
vindicated the wisdom of the trustees, and changed this feeling into one of
cordial acc^uiescence in all the measures adopted, and of approval of the results
effected.

COULi DIVINITV SCHOOL, DAIKS CoLLKOK.

192 History of Androscoggin County.

own, and to ask the Education Society to surrender its school and appropriate
the income of its funds in aid of needy students studying for the ministry, but
to give the use of its library to the new institution. The college agreed to
open its school in the autumn, with three men in the faculty, and to add a
fourth man within three years. Rev. John Fullonton, D.D.,'and Rev. John J.
Butler, D.D., professors in the former school, were elected to chairs in the
new. To these was added, temporarily. Professor Hayes of the college faculty,
who was to teach in both departments. Readily accepting this surprisingly
liberal offer, the Education Society took the step asked of it, and left the way
clear for the college to initiate its new enterprise.

The school opened in Nichols Hall, at the beginning of the fall term of the
college, with fourteen students present. Professor Fullonton taught Hebrew
and Ecclesiastical History; Professor Butler, Theology and Homiletics; Pro-
fessor Hayes, English and Greek Exegesis. Rev. James A. Howe, A.M., was
added to the faculty, in 1872, as Professor of Theology, and Thomas Hill
Rich, A.M., as Professor in Hebrew. The next year. Professor Butler accepted
a call to a professorship in the theological department of Hillsdale College.
In 1890, Rev. Alfred W. Anthony, A.M., took the chair of New Testament
Exegesis and Criticism. Since the school has been in operation, the annual
average attendance has been twenty-one, and thirty-eight per cent, of the
students have been college graduates.

In 1887, the name was changed to Cobb Divinity School, in recognition of
the catholic spirit and generous act of Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, in
giving to the institution -^25,000. Probably this is the only instance in our
country of a divinity school of one denomination named in honor of a member
of another denomination. This donation, joined with others specially con-
tributed for the divinity school, has secured to it a foundation of its own
nearly sufficient for its entire support. The interests of the Free Baptist
churches in New England were appreciably promoted by uniting their divinity
school with their college; and the college, in turn, has been benefited even
more, both because its right to appeal to the churches has thus been reinforced,
and because through the divinity school the college became more widely
advertised, and more distinctly a center of denominational attraction.

Growth of the College. — The decade from 1870 to 1880 was one of
steady growth in patronage. The catalogue of 1879-80 shows a total of
students, in the academical department, of one hundred and forty-one, or
nearly double the number ten years before. During this time, also, four men
were added to the college faculty: In 1872, Mr George C. Chase, A.M., as
Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature ; in 1873, Rev. I'riah Balkam,
D.D., as Professor of Logic and Christian Evidences;' in 1875, Mr Oliver C.

1 At the time of liis election Trofessor Balkam was a retired clergyman, who had at an earlier date
been pastor of the large Congregational church in Lewiston. In view of his scholarly attainments,

Bates College. 193

Wendell, A.M., as Professor of Astronomy;^ in 1876, Mr John H. Rand,
A.M., as Professor of Mathematics. The library and apparatus were steadily
increased, receiving annual appropriations from the college treasury, -tSOO being
the standard sum of expenditure for them. The cabinet collections were also,
to some degree, enriched, both by occasional purchases, and by valuable gifts
from friends.

The external appearance of the college was not forgotten. A lot of land
sej^arating the site of the divinity school from that of the college was pur-
chased, at a cost of #13,838, and added to the campus. The gymnasium was
built and partly equipped, at a cost of -#4,000 ; a building for the Latin School
was constructed at a cost of l|7,000; and a house for the president bought for
115,000.

This increase of land and buildings, of facilities, students, and professors,
were signs to the public of a healthful development of the college and of an
intelligent adjustment of its affairs to secure its present and future interests.
But during this period there was written an altogether different cliapter of
history. In spite of these appearances of prosperity, for a period of fifteen
years, beginning in 1870, the college was battling against a financial storm of
increasing severity, threatening the destruction of the institution.

Storm and Stress. — The first necessity of a college is income. Inexo-
rable are the demands for it. Buildings, students, professors, are of no avail
without it. The college must have money, and that in a liberal measure.
Starting on an inadequate foundation. Bates, at once, had to begin a struggle
for existence. With its expenditures brought down to the lowest figure, they
would, year by year, stubbornly overrun the receipts. The gifts of friends,
though generous, could only supplement other sources of income. The tuition,
according to the settled policy of the college to assist poor students, was kept
at $36 a year, the lowest tuition charged by an}' college in New England; and
this, too, in many cases of need, was freely given to the student. The room-
rent receipts from Parker Hall, the only dormitory, did not pay four per cent,
on its cost. The main source of revenue, the endowment fund, in 1869, the
year before the divinity school was opened, when swelled by room rent, tuition,
and all gifts for current expenses, allowed the expenditures to exceed the
receipts by the sum of #2,567. When the trustees dared to add to their

Professor Stanton conceived the idea of connecting him with the college, and solicited money in
Lewiston, principally from the members of Dr Balkam's former parish, towards endowing the chair
of Logic and Christian Evidences, for his occupancy. This effort was so far successful that in the
autumn of 1873, Dr Balkam began his work as an instructor, taking for that year the classes of
Professor Hayes, who was studying abroad. On the fourth of March, in the next spring, while riding
to the college to meet his class, Pi'ofessor Balkam was thrown from his horse and instantly killed. His
death brought upon the college the loss of a teacher of superior ability and scholarship, who was
adding greatly to its attractiveness and worth.

'-Professor Wendell, on account of ill health, was compelled to retire at the end of the year.

194 History of Androscoggin County.

already heavy responsibilities the support of a theological school, they saw a
reasonable prospect of an immediate increase of the resources of the college.
Instead of any increase, however, the year of opening the divinity school was
signalized by the failure of two of the generous patrons of the college, involv-
ino- a loss to it of 125,000. The support of the theological faculty together
with that of the increased college faculty, added to the outlay for improve-
ments before noticed, soon carried the aggregate excess of expenditures over
income to an alarming extent. In 1876 the floating debt amounted to -181,292.
The next year it was '|!5,000 more, with the invested funds of the college
reduced to nearly !|120,000. The outlook of the institution grew more and
more menacing, except as relieved in a measure by promises of aid.

By another characteristically generous act, Mr Bates early came to the
assistance of the struggling institution. February 21, 1873, President Cheney
received word from him that if within live years the college would raise
'tlOO,000, he would give it an equal sum. At the same time the college was
encouraged to expect that half the amount required of it would come from
another generous source. Hence, with -150,000 to raise, the college went
zealously to work. Its needs were too pressing to admit of delaj^ The Free
Baptist Education Society subscribed 125,000. In a little more than a year,
by strenuous solicitations, the subscription called for by the college was
declared complete.

Then it was found that, owing to the prevailing business depression, the
anticipated gift of |!50,000 could not be secured. This great sum was thrown
back upon the college for it to raise. A limited field, at best, was that open
to appeals for Free Baptist enterprises, and this field had just been canvassed.
The stagnation of trade increased the difficulty of soliciting money. The
endeavors of the college to accomplish its object were tireless and heroic. The
very life of the college seemed to depend on getting this promised fund. A
donation of ^10,000, made by the president, at commencement, in 1876,
finished the subscription. Again there was great rejoicing. In view of the
general prostration of business, the payment of Mr Bates's subscription was
delayed. Meanwhile, some of the pledges made to the college had suffered
from the financial distress of the time. Before the matter was settled, on
January 14, 1878, within live weeks of the limit of time allowed for meeting
the terms of his offer, Mr Bates suddenly died.

The college knew that to deal with the law was not to deal with a per-
sonal friend. Therefore it carefully reviewed its subscription list, converted
unsettled pledges into cash or legal notes, and, with the utmost confidence in
tlie validity of its claim against Mr Bates's estate, awaited the day of settle-
ment. By counting a bequest of 140,000 that fell to the college in 1874, with
the other sums received, it could show that, in the given time, it had raised in
notes, cash, and other securities, $143,785. The legality of the claim was

Bates College. 195

doubted by the executors of Mr Bates's will, and the courts sustained them in
their doubt. Not until five years after the death of Mr Bates was the case
finally decided, and then the college was non-suited. The decision of the
supreme bench against the college rested on a point not considered by either
party in the trial. The gift of the Education Society carried with it the
condition that the money should be available for the use of the college so long
as the teachers supported by it, in whole or in part, " should be approved by
the executive committee of the society." No evidence was offered to show
that in view of these terms Mr Bates would accept this money as a permanent
gift to the college. Hence, by not allowing this sum to stand, nor legal notes
to be counted as dollars, the courts ruled that the conditions of Mr Bates's
pledge were not fulfilled.

The effort to meet those conditions, however, had brought to the college
treasury ^100,000, and had proved to be the salvation of the institution.
Increased by this amount on the one hand, diminished by the amount of many
annual deficits on the other, the funds of the college still remained obstinately
insufficient. The poverty of the college rested heavily on the faculty. For
twelve years they each sacrificed a fifth of their salaries towards keeping down
the debt. At their request Professor Chase was induced to act as an agent for
the college during vacations, if not for a longer period. His efforts were
especially valuable. By his labors, in connection with those of the president,
it came about that, in 1884, the treasurer's books, for the first time since 1868,
showed, on current expense account, a slight balance on the right side. The
expenditures were <|18,729.28, the income $18,800.80, leaving the balance
171.52. But a balance so small as this is with difficulty kept from shifting
sides. The next year the familiar story was repeated — a deficit of JftSlO.

Wliile the current expense account was brought within control, the
permanent fund did not always show a stability in harmony with its name.
In 1881, for instance, two notes, valued at -112,000, belonging to that fund,
became worthless ; on the other hand, during the same year, rf5,000 were added
to the fund, leaving it, with all debts of the college paid, !i!l57,037, or less than
half the sum needed by IJates for a generous life. The equipment of the
college was not complete ; the management was rigidly economical ; expenses
were kept at the lowest scale; wants accumulated; desirable improvements
were deferred; the salaries of the professors remained severely meager.
But, at last, a prospect of relief appeared.

Relief. — The financial relief of the college, so long desired, came about
through another conditional promise of money, and b}^ another liberal bequest.
In 1886, Hon. J, L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, proposed to give $25,000 to the
college if it would raise $75,000. This offer was followed by that of another
gentleman to add to the sum thus obtained $30,000, the gift to be used for
an astronomical observatory. While the college was engaged in finding the

196 History of Androscoggin County.

money for securing these pledges, a bequest of $40,000 fell to it, and, as
bequests were not to be included in the $75,000 to be raised, the funds of the
college were by so much the more increased.

To lighten the work thus inqiosed upon the college, the Free Baptists of
New England were invited to endow a chair in the divinity school, to be named
the FuUonton professorship, in honor of Professor John FuUonton, D.D., who,
for more than fifty years, has served his denomination as an instructor of its
youth. This proposition was heartily seconded by all the old pupils of the
revered professor. The churches were canvassed by two students who, in the
course of a year, secured, generally in small suras, a good part of this endow-
ment fund. The remainder will doubtless be made up in a short time.

At the end of two years the college had met the conditions to Mr Cobb's
generous offer, when his noble purpose was promptly executed, and the college
found itself brought into a safe position.

Benefactors and Benefactions. — Since the building of a college is
the building of a public and permanent institution, the persons by whose
liberal gifts its foundation is secured are entitled to such public and lasting
honor as the pages of its history can give. It is a pleasant as well as a just
act to put on record the names of some of the generous givers to Bates College.
Institutions owing their existence to funds gathered as were those of Bates,
become indebted to a multitude of donors of small sums worthy of grateful
and enduring remembrance. Of such benefactors Bates has a long and
illumined roll. The aggregate of their gifts formed no small part of the
capital of the college at the beginning of its history. Its growth in years
made imperative enlargement in every direction. Enlargement meant larger
expenditures, and larger expenditures, the necessity of larger receipts. So
inexorable have been the calls for money in equipping this young institution,
so wide and strong the ever-flowing and deepening current of expense, that
only the munificent gifts of wealthy friends could have availed to arrest the
flood and keep it froiu overwhelming the college. Though the endowment of
Bates is still small, not reaching to an approximate equality with that of most
New England colleges having only one department, and conducted on a higher
scale of charges, yet it has probably known more widely than they the warmth
of philanthropic hands and hearts. And to these the college is specially
indebted for its record, and for all its promise of usefulness.

To group the chief benefactors of the college, in spite of the slight
repetition it may involve, is to present in a true light one important chapter
of the college history. First among these, first in time, and first in the amount
of his benefactions, was the noble man whose name the college bears, who
gave the institution, in addition to his valuable influence, 1100,000. The state
of Maine, with a constitution requiring it to make, from time to time, appropria-
tions in aid of institutions of learning, must be ranked among the benefactors

Bates College. 197

of Bates. It appropriated $15,000 at the beginning of the Maine State
Seminary, and, at the starting of the college, two townships of land, valued
at 120,000. The Free Baptist Education Society, relieved by the college of
the support of its theological school, gave $25,000 towards securing Mr
Bates's last subscription. The Alumni Association, a legally incorporated
body, gave the college its note for $10,000, with the understanding that all
gifts from the alumni should go towards the liquidation of the note. President
Cheney, with characteristic liberality, gave $11,000 to the college to which he
has given his life. The bequest of Mr Joshua Benson, of Boston, brought
great encouragement to the college in a dark hour of its history. Intending
to devise the principal part of his estate to some institution of learning, he
was induced by a grand-nephew of his, then in college, the late Mr E. H.
Besse, of the class of 1877, to consider the character and need of Bates.
Another grand-nephew, Mr E. C. Benson, of Boston, heartily seconded this
request. The will was made in favor of Bates, and brought it $40,000, though
changes in the real estate somewhat reduced this amount.

The next large legacy came to the college by the will of Mrs Sarah S.
Belcher, of Farmington, Me. A widow, without children, long interested
in the educational work of her denomination at Lewiston, and influenced by
her friendship for Dr Cheney, she formed the wise and large-hearted purpose
of leaving the bulk of her property to the college. The will was contested
on the ground of undue influence, a fictitious and absurd charge, contradicted
by her remarkable strength of mind and disallowed by the courts. The
expense of the entire suit falling upon the college, the only result of the trial
was to take from the legacy nearly $10,000 for the costs of law, leaving
$40,000 to the treasury.

The largest benefaction Bates has received from any person now living is
$25,000 from Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston. To this noble liberality in
behalf of the college Mr Cobb was moved as the result of his observation of
its work and worth. How the trustees expressed their appreciation of this
benevolence of spirit and act by naming the divinity school after him has
already been noticed.

In 1887, Mrs Caroline A. Wood, of Cambridge, Mass., left to the college a
legacy of $35,000. In early life Mrs Wood was connected with the Free
Baptist church in Vermont. By removal of residence her membership was
lost to the denomination, but not her attachment. Having become acquainted
with the character and needs of the college, she generously remembered it in
the final disposition of her estate. The money thus devised is yet on its way
to the treasury. This is also true of the money coming from another recent
bequest, that of the late Mr Henry W. Easterbrooks, of Sutton, Vt, whose
thoughtfulness in his last days brings to the college $12,000 in aid of the
education of young men for the ministry.

198 History of Androscoggin County.

Early in the history of the institution, Mr William Toothaker and his
wife, of Phillips, Me, gave it |6,600. At a later period Hon. Asa Redington,
LL.D., of Lewiston, made a donation to the college of ■'i<5,000 in stock,
accompanied by the wish that 11,000 of this sum be used to found a scholar-
ship for a lady student — the first act of the kind known in the experience of
a New England college. By depreciation of the stock shortly after its transfer
to the college, the generous purposes of Judge Redington failed to give the
aid intended. Mrs Charlotte Chesley, of New Market, N. H., left the college
l)y will about -14,000. Hon. George G. Fogg, LL.D., of Concord, N. H., one
of the trustees, showed his genuine friendship for it by a gift of $5,500.

Mr Cliace Lewis, of Providence, R. L, endowed one of the first scholarships
in the college, and also left to it a legacy of $4,000. The late Mr M. D.
Spalding and his brother, of Boston, rendered valuable aid to the college in
its time of need, by a gift of |i4,000. By repeated remembrances of the
college, the late Mr S. D. Warren and his family, of Boston, assisted it to
tlie amount of $10,000, assistance made doubly valuable by the ever cordial
spirit with which it was rendered. I. H. Hedge, M.D., of Waukon, Iowa,
contributed $5,000 towards the erection of the laboratory that bears his name.
Two liberal and cultured ladies of Boston have placed the college under deep
obligations to them for donations amounting to $7,300. Their names, not
their generous acts, can be kept concealed. United States Senator Stanford,
of California, has given this Maine college signal reason for cherishing a
fraternal interest in the university of which he is the founder, as well as for
holding his name in lasting honor by a gift to Bates of $8,000. In addition to
these sums should be counted the outstanding pledge, soon to be honored, of
$30,000 towards an observator}^ and its equipment.

As has been said this is only a partial list of the noble benefactors who
have chosen to make Bates the almoner of their liberality to church, society,
and native land. The college thus bears witness to the claim of American
wealth to be foremost in the world in recognizing institutions of learning, and
especially those designed for students of limited means, as agencies of highest
usefulness. Were all the records of Bates to be published they would testify
as strongly to the appreciation of such institutions by > American people not
counted as wealthy.

The Equipment of the College. — The aggregate gifts to the college
named in the above list is about $415,000, including in this sum the legacies
and pledge not yet in the possession of the college. By means of these and
smaller gifts, the college, in spite of the large excess of current expenses over
current income, extending through a period of fifteen years and carrying the
debt nearly to $90,000, has managed to stop the deficit, pay this debt, and
retain a working capital, that, by the strictest economy, will enable it to live.
It now has, for both departments, an endowment fund of $262,967.22, shortly

Bates College. 199

to be increased by the Wood and Easterbrooks legacies to over J|300,000.
The grounds contain fifty acres, and with the six college buildings are valued
at 1200,000.

The G-i/mnasium. — The gymnasium is the least expensive of the buildings,
though adequate for its purpose. It is a commodious wooden structure in the
rear of Parker and Hathorn halls, and is the place where commencement
dinner is served. It is furnished with apparatus of the most approved pattern.
Exercise is taken under the care of four students, one of them a young lady,
who are specially trained at Harvard under Professor Sargent for instructors
in gymnastics. It is thought that, by taking competent undergraduates for
tutors in the gymnasium, the interest and morale of this work will be kept at
its best, while the instructors will receive compensation to help them through
their college course. Instruction is given four times a week to each class by
itself. Regular attendance is required of all students as at other college
exercises.

The Lihraries connected with the college amount to 15,373 volumes. These
are distributed thus : College library, 10,373;' society libraries, 1,000 ; divinity
school, 3,900. The books of the college library have been selected with care,
and primarily with reference to the needs of the undergraduates. Hence, as
an aid in their education it has a value that might not be found in a much
larger collection of books. It contains little rubbish, is enriched by a few rare
books of value, and is constantly growing.

The cabinet of minerals, fossils, shells, and birds, classified and arranged for
uses of instruction, has grown with the years of the college to a respectable
size. It contains valuable specimens of fossils from the coal regions of
Pennsylvania, the gift of Rev. Dr I. P. Warren, of Portland. A. C. Hamlin,
M.D., of Bangor, Me, contributed to the collection sixty rare minerals,
including several precious stones. Other friends have made additions from
time to time, so that, by gradual accumulation, it now answers, though still
meager, most of the demands of the class-room upon it for illustrations of the
processes of nature. One feature of the cabinet deserving notice is the
ornithological collection that contains a good number of New England birds,
together with specimens of foreign birds. This collection was gathered at a
cost of $500, and presented to the college by its distinguished ornithologist.
Professor J. Y. Stanton. The study of botany is aided by an herbarium, secured
at a cost of several hundred dollars from the late President Chadbourne, of
Williams College.

Apparatus is supplied to meet the needs of instruction in chemistry and
physics to a good, but not to the fullest extent, as the aim of the college in
this direction is sometimes hindered by lack of money. Several years ago the
lamented Professor Stanley received seven hundred dollars from Mr A. D.

iln 1891, 10,757.

200 History of Androscoggin County.

Lockwood, an old friend and former trustee of the college, for the purchase of
a small telescope. By rare good fortune one of A. Clark & Sons' six and one-
half inch classes was secured from Professor O. C. Wendell of Harvard
Observatory. This telescope is equatorially mounted, and located where it
can be made available for the classes in astronomy. The college now has
a prospect of crowning David Mountain — a steep and solitary hill, one
hundred and twenty-five feet above surrounding territory, three hundred and
ninety feet above tide water, its base within a stone's throw of the college —
with an observatory furnished with a large telescope and other instruments of
astronomical science.

In things essential to a full equipment of a college, Bates, of course, has
not yet reached a limit. It is glad to be able to point to Hedge Laboratory,
just completed, a brick building 36x58 feet, two stories higli, finished to the
roof, as evidence of progress in supplying the facilities for instruction.

The Instructors and Instruction. — The branches taught in the
college may be grouped under the following heads: classics, mathematics,
modern languages, English literature and rhetoric, political economy and the
various branches of science, psychology, logic and Christian evidences. The
gymnasium, not the university, is taken for a model. On the question of
extensive modifications of the old curriculum under which earlier New England
colleges, not to speak of those abroad, have won their reputation for discipline
and scholarship. Bates, in part by necessity, but more by preference, is inclined
to be conservative. A technical course of study pursued after graduation
from college, when the mind has been broadened, disciplined, and furnished
with the groundwork of knowledge, gives promise of yielding the best results.
If the business of life is to shut the student up to one special line of studies,
not too early let him turn aside from all other departments of learning. Of no
branch of study in the curriculum of Bates would a liberally educated inan
willingly be ignorant. Even in America life is not too short for one to lay,
in youth, a proper foundation for his future work.

In the classics, the instruction at Bates aims to secure accuracy and
smoothness of translation, and to bring the student to feel the force and
beauty of the ancient languages. Special weight is attached to a correct
knowledge and application of the grammar as one of the surest means of
sharpening the power of discrimination and disciplining the judgment. This
department, together with that of ornithology, is in charge of Professor
Stanton, who has been a member of the faculty since the opening of the
college. Professor Stanton is a graduate of Bowdoin, and of Andover
'Jlieological Seminary, and has also studied abroad.

Mathenuitics are continued through two years, concluding with calculus,
except as French is chosen in place of it. The only option in the course is
between these two studies. Instruction in this department since 1876 has

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Bates College. 201

been given by Professor Rand. Professor Rand was a member of the first
class graduated by the college, and left a reputation for aptitude in this branch
of study that secured his call to this chair.

French is taught five hours a week through the sophomore year; German,
the same number of hours through the junior year, and also one hour a day,
once a week, for one term of the senior year. The limited time allowed to
these languages compels the instruction to favor acquaintance either with the
written or the spoken tongue. If four years in a foreign land are essential
for acquiring the art of correct conversation in its language, it would seem to
be wise in college to devote the time given to French and German primarily
to the study of the grammar and the literature. Hence, in this department.
Professor Angell, without overlooking conversation, follows this line of
instruction, drilling his classes thoroughly in the grammar, and introducing
them to some of the best works of the best authors. Professor Angell is a
graduate of Brown, for several years was the principal of Lapham Institute,
and has studied for his department in France and Germany.

English litei'ature and rhetoric receive special attention at Bates. Instruc-
tion in these branches is given during some part of each of the four years. By
text-book and lectures on the part of the instructor, and by essays and
criticisms on the part of the students, the theory and practice of rhetoric are
combined. The origin, development, and character of English speech and
literature are fully enough treated to exempt Bates from the charge frequently
made that our higher institutions neglect the mother-tongue. In the absence
of any direct instruction in history. Professor Chase aims to assign historical
events and characters as the subjects of essays and criticisms, and to send his
students to the library for historical investigation, and thus, in a measure, to
supply the defect until the chair in history is filled. Professor Chase is the
youngest of the professors, an alumnus of the college, of the class of 1868.
He specially fitted for this department by a post-graduate course at Harvard.
He is now traveling in Europe.

Scientific studies and political economy were taught by the lamented Pro-
fessor R. C. Stanley from the time of his coming into the college, in 1865, until
his death, August 5, 1889. They are now in charge of Professor W. H. Harts-
horn, who is ably sustaining the reputation given this department by his pred-
ecessor. The course in chemistry has recently been enlarged in the direction of
more laboratory work. Professor L. G. Jordan, of the class of 1870, was elected
to this department in June, 1889. The other subjects taught under the head of
science — astronomy, geology, botany, ornithology, physics, zoology, biology —
are carried far enough to give the student an intelligent acquaintance with
them, and to prepare him for further study. Five hours a week, for a term,
are devoted to each of these branches except ornithology, and for two terms to
physics. Bates takes special pride in its instruction in ornithology as one of

202 History of Androscoggin County.

its peculiar features. Possessing the best private collection of Maine birds in
the state, Professor Stanton brings to this, his favorite side-study, the results
of wide investigation. By lectures, illustrated with specimens from his own
or the college collection, and also by accompanying his class into the haunts of
living birds, he leads the students to take a deep interest in this somewhat
neglected, yet fascinating branch of study.

(christian in foundation and in character, the college regards moral philos-
ophy, ps3^chology, and Christian evidences as studies of first importance for
all liberally educated minds. These subjects are taught by text-books, lectures,
and the investigation of assigned topics, and the preparation of papers upon
them by the class. Questions related to these topics are given to the class to
answer by the aid of their own reading and thought. The work in this
department falls to the senior year, and is in the hands of Professor Hayes.
Coming to the college after five years' service as a pastor, and after several
years of teaching the higher branches of study, Professor Hayes had a double
preparation for his department. He is a graduate of Bowdoin and of the Free
Baptist Theological School, and has studied in Germany. The honorary
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Hillsdale.

In the faculty of both departments four colleges are represented. Two of
the professors are graduates of Dartmouth, four of Bowdoin, two of Brown,
and four of Bates. Five of the faculty have supplemented their college and
professional courses by study abroad. From the first the faculty of Bates
have been a working corps. In the youth and poverty of the college, the
character of its instruction has been its main reliance for attractiveness and
growth. Regarding themselves as stewards of the bounty and the sacrifices
of many, and their work as a sacred trust received from the patrons of the
college, the faculty have brought to pass far greater results than the most
sanguine friends of the college at first anticipated.

Characteristic Features. I. Co-Educatlon. — It was comparativel}^
easy for Bates to lead the way, in New England, in offering college privileges
to young women on the same terms as to young men. For in the seminary,
out of which the college sprung, both sexes studied together through all the
course. Why prolonging the course for one year, or for four years, should
involve a necessity of separating the sexes, the trustees failed to see. Before
their eyes and under their superintendence the principle of co-education had
been put to the test ; for them to abandon it in the college, in the absence of
any fundamental difference in the situation presenting a solid reason for a
change of policy, would be plainly inconsistent. Besides, here was an open
field for the new college to. cultivate with the prospect of large returns.
Bates, therefore, determined to introduce the innovation and fearlessly flung
open its doors to all. This step was taken in advance of any popular demand,
but not in advance of public need.

Bates College. 20^

At the opening of the college course, several young ladies, who had pursued
the preparatory studies in the seminary, matriculated, and kept along with the
class through two or three years, but none continued until graduation. Miss
Maria W. Mitchell, of the class of 1869, has the distinction of being the
first lady graduate of any New England college. Her example was slowly
influential. It was not until her senior year that she saw another of her sex
in college. The number of ladies graduating thus far has been fifty-four,
distributed thus: 18(39, 1; 1872, 1; 1877, 2; 1880, 2; 1881, 1; 1882, 2; 1883,
2; 1884, 5; 1886, 1; 1887, 5; 1888, 5; 1889, 7; 1890, 7; 1891, 13. There are
now forty-eight young ladies in college. The novelty of their presence and of
their equal participation in all college exercises long since wore away, and
has ceased to excite comment. The sight of them in college is as pleasant and
natural as in church. Some superior love of learning and earnestness of
purpose unite in such young ladies as are intent on having a college
education. Thus a principle of selection operates to secure among them a
high average of ability ; and this explains how it is that college honors have
fallen to them out of all proportion to their numbers. It is the rule rather
than the exception for them to reach oration rank. Three times they have
won the valedictory and twice the salutatory. In one class, containing only
two young ladies, they divided these honors between them. Study has not
been detrimental to their health. The regular habits of college life, taken in
connection with the prescribed course of gymnastics, tend to imjDrove rather than
to impair their health. In all matters of college discipline they are an aid to
good order, and have themselves never given any occasion for rebuke. As
their numbers have increased, the inclination of the students to cultivate
unduly the social instinct has attracted the attention of the faculty, and been
guarded against. Co-education, as tried at Bates, has proved a success.

II. Open Societies. — Among the earliest enactments of the college gov-
ernment was a law declaring that " On no condition shall a secret society be
organized or be allowed to exist." Petitions to the trustees from time to time
for the abrogation of this law have been unavailing. The experience of
American colleges has demonstrated that they must choose between secret or
open societies. Both do not flourish. Bates prefers the latter as avoiding ex-
pense, securing the best literary returns, shutting out the temptations incident
to secret meetings of students at late hours of night, and as leaving open to all
members of the college, and especially of each class, the acquaintance and
good-fellowship usually pledged, if not confined, to the few members of a
fraternity. One of the superior advantages of small colleges lies in their
ability to give students opportunities for the forensic training cultivated by
open societies. The Eurosophian and Polymnian societies maintain separate
rooms in Hathorn Hall, each society having a library of about 800 volumes
apiece. In their respective rooms they hold weekly meetings on Friday night.

204 History of Androscoggin County.

and once a year have a more public meeting in the chapel. As members from
the freshman class are secured according to the comparative merits of the
exercises, a healthful rivalry develoi:)S a healthful exertion to excel. It cannot
but be that in meetings where papers are read, declamations rendered, ques-
tions on various subjects discussed and criticisms passed, the literary taste and
forensic skill of the members should steadily improve.

TIL Needy Students Helped. — No better proof of the design of the college
to keep its expenses within the reach of poor students could be given than
that shown in its refusal to obtain relief from its financial distress by raising
the tuition to an equality with that charged in other colleges. "Many a
country lad," said one of the trustees in discussing a proposition to raise the
tuition, "is influenced in his choice of a college by a difference of five dollars
in the tuition." In addition to the help thus offered needy students, the
college has twenty-five scholarships and the state tea, giving free tuition to
deserving applicants. A still greater advantage in this dii-ection results from
arranging the college calendar with a view to have vacations favor the students
in earning money. Beginning the last week in August the fall term runs to
the Friday before Thanksgiving. The college is tlien suspended for six weeks
to allow for teaching winter schools, a privilege made use of to such an extent
that two-thirds of the young men, during tliis vacation, may be found scattered
over New England engaged in this work. Thus New England reaps some
reward for whatever aid it has in any way given the college. Teaching, too,
has other than pecuniary rewards for the student, bringing him more fully
into sympathy with college methods and requirements, and quickening his
grasp on the studies pursued. It also prepares him, on leaving college, to
obtain at once a permanent situation as a teacher. Undoubtedly the expla-
nation of the fact that so large a per cent, of the alumni make teaching
their life-work may be found here. The money earned in the summer and
winter vacations frequently enables economical students to meet all their
college bills; and, if by this means their time has to be taken from reading
and the pursuits of general culture, and be given to things not always
intellectual, these students receive some valuable compensations in the self-
reliance, energy, and perseverance, coming into character as the result of their
exertions.

IV. Forensles. — The system of public debates, established at Bates, is a
peculiar feature of the institution, and one of very high merit. During the
freshman year the class is divided into groups of six or eight, and each group
is given a question for public discussion at the close of the fall term of the
sophomore year. When the debate comes off each disputant is allowed to
speak twenty minutes, and to read his argument or deliver it from memory.
The discussion takes place in the presence of the students and their friends,
before a committee selected by the speakers, usually chosen from the senior

Bates College. 205

class, with, perhaps, one member from outside the college. The committee
first names the best debater in each division, regardless of his elocution, and
then, out of all the class, selects the eight best disputants, whether successful
in their own division or not, for a final "cliampion debate" that constitutes
one of the exercises of commencement week. Care is taken to have all the
topics discussed worthy of the student's study. Out of a list presented by the
professor in charge of the exercise the students choose one to their taste.
Some of the questions discussed have been: The Tariff; State vs. Denomina-
tional Colleges; Bismarck or Grladstone ; English Civil /Service for the United
States; Correctness of the Popular Estimate of Bacon; A Canal Across the
Isthmus to he Built hy the United States.

The rhetorical exercises of the freshman and sophomore classes include
essays and public prize declamations. Each member of both classes after a
private drill in speaking participates in the declamations. Each junior debates
before the class, writes essays, and prepares an original declamation for a public
prize contest. All the class read their parts before a committee of their own
selection, who then choose the twelve best to compete, during commencement
week, in respect to composition and elocution, for a first and second prize.
The rhetorical work of the senior 3^ear consists of criticisms, literary and
philosophical, essays, and orations. At the close of the spring term, a senior
exhibition is given by twelve representative speakers selected in the same
manner as the contestants in the junior prize.

V. Prizes. — The system of prizes established at Bates has been found to
be attended with good results. It is as follows : For general scholarship, a
first and second prize are given to each of the first three classes ; the first prizes
are respectively eight, nine, and ten dollars; the second, five, six, and seven
dollars. As it often happens that the best scholars are not the best speakers,
these prizes answer a wise end, in honoring merit on other grounds. For
excellence in public declamation there is given to the best speaker of the
freshman class, at the close of the fall term, and to the best speaker of the
sophomore class, at the close of the spring term, a prize of ten dollars each.
The successful competitors in the prize debates receive ten dollars each,
and the victor in the champion debate, a prize of twenty dollars. The first
prize given for the best original declamation by the juniors in commencement
week is seventy-five dollars, and the second, twenty. For improvement in
English composition, as shown by the essays and original declamations, prizes
of ten dollars each are given to the most deserving member of the sopho-
more and of the junior classes respectively.

VI. Outside Lectures. — It has come to be a custom of the college to secure
from eminent scholars, teachers, and divines, a yearly course of lectures before
the students. Some of New England's ablest thinkers and leaders of thought
have been heard in this way. These lectures are made free to the public, and

206 History of Androscoggin County.

are highly appreciated by the scholarly element of Lewiston and Auburn, as
well as by the class for whom they are more immediately intended. Among
those who have been heard are John Fiske, Edwin D. Mead, Phillips Brooks,
Edward Everett Hale, Alexander McKenzie, Ruen Thomas, Professor C. W.
Emerson, ex-President Hill of Harvard. In one course, Rev. Selah Merrill,
D.D., gave six lectures on Palestine. It has been generally by the courtesy
and generous consideration of these eminent men that the students have had
the privilege of listening to their counsels.

VII. Morals and Eeligion. — The college requires attendance at church, once
each Sabbath, wherever the student may elect to go ; also at daily morning
prayers after the first recitation, and at the public services on the day of
prayer for colleges.

The students sustain a Y. M. C. A. and a Y. W. C. A. — the two forming a
Christian union for a general social meeting on Wednesday evening. Class
prayer-meetings, with more or less regularity, are also held. By reason of
these and other direct Christian agencies, a pure moral and religious atmos-
phere has, from the first, pervaded the institution. In their guardianship
of the moral character of the college, the faculty have not hesitated to be
"paternal "to the extent of promptly dismissing any student disposed to
spread moral contamination among his associates. Temperance, interpreted
to mean total abstinence, is universally prevalent, and, what is possibly more
significant, the use of tobacco, while not prohibited by the college, is, by the
students' own act, reduced to a minimum, or altogether discarded. At the
present time it is believed that not one of the students is addicted to its use.
The benefit of a scholarship carries with it a pledge of abstinence from tobacco.

VIII. Interest of the Faculty m the Students. — The personal interest of the
faculty in the students, made possible by the size of the classes, can be men-
tioned as one of the striking features of the college. Any student is invited to
consult freely with the faculty on whatever concerns his welfare as a member of
the college. By the free response to this invitation, the faculty are brought to
know the moral as well as the intellectual bent of the members of each class.
The result is that the student, perceiving that he is an object of interest to his
teachers, feels at liberty to seek their advice in respect to his studies, or to ask
their aid in his endeavors to get a situation to teach or work. The opportunity
is thus presented to the faculty to mingle any word of caution, reproof, or
commendation with their favors. The good offices of the faculty invoked and
freely extended through the course, are especially sought as graduation draws
near, by those intending to teach. It is very natural, too, that members of an
alumni thus trained in college should not be restrained from looking to the
faculty, at any later time, for counsel or other consideration.

The Alumni. — The whole number of graduates from the college is five
hundred and five. The whole number of graduates from the divinity school

Bates College. 207

is ninety-four. The whole number of graduates from the institution is five
hundred and ninetj^-nine. The first class, of 1867, consisted of eight; the
last, of thirty-three, in 1891. Assuming the average age of the students at
graduation to be twenty -three years, the members of the first class would now
be in their forty-fifth year. The first nine classes graduated one hundred and
two, — that is, about one-fourth of the entire alumni. The remaining three-
fourths, therefore, have not yet passed their thirty-eighth year. Eighteen
more than one-half of the alumni had graduated in 1881 ; hence, one-half of
the whole number have not yet passed their thirty-third year. These figures
clearly set forth the youth of the college and show that but few of its alumni
have arrived at the period when distinction usually comes to men. The
alumni are not too young to have successfully entered upon the pursuits of
life, but are yet too young to have carried off its highest honors.

Interpreted by the callings selected, the alumni may claim to have been
rather drawn to positions of usefulness than to those promising renown.
Forty per cent, of them have become teachers, and not a few of them teachers
of a superior order. Accustomed to teach while in college, on leaving it many
of them can at once turn their experience to their advantage in this line of
work. Thus it has come about that more city high schools in New England
are now taught by graduates of Bates than by those of any other college.
Three of the alumni are teachers in Boston, three in Washington, one at
Harvard, nine in other colleges, and others are found scattered through the
schools of twenty-one states of the Union.

Exclusive of the alumnoe, although the second young woman to graduate
from the college is a preacher, about nineteen per cent, of the alumni have
chosen the ministry, or seventy in all. Of these forty-one have entered the
Free Baptist ministr}^ seventeen the Congregational, and twelve that of other
bodies. In the lirst decade, twenty-three per cent., in the second only thirteen
per cent, of the alumni chose this profession, a serious decline, although one
shared in common with the other New England colleges of our day. Of the
remainder of the alumni fourteen per cent, have chosen the law, twelve
per cent, medicine, the rest, architecture, civil engineering, journalism, and
other vocations.

Alumni Assoc(atio)ts. — The loyalty of any alumni to their alma inafer may
be assumed to exist. The alumni of Bates give to it an ardent loyalty. From
association with graduates of other colleges in ways to bring into relief the
comparative results of each other's mental training, many of the alumni have
taken occasion to report their satisfaction with the instruction, course of study,
discipline, spirit, and standards maintained at Bates. Wherever found in
sufficient numbers, they have organized alumni associations for an annual
reunion and supper, and for fostering the interests of the college. The most
important of these associations is the chartered body consisting of all the grad-

208 History of Androscoggin County.

uates, and holding its annual meeting during commencement. One evening of
the week is given up to this association for such literary exercises as it may, out
of its own members, provide. Two-fifths of the Board of Overseers are now
nominated by the alumni, or two out of the five that are annually elected.
The acquaintance of these alumni with the internal affairs of the college can
hardly be equaled by that of other members of the corporation ; and hence the
influence of the alumni on the management of the college seems destined to
be increasingly controlling and valuable, as their years, with those of the
college, ripen into maturity.

Present Condition. — The college corporation is now sustaining three
distinct departments: The Latin School, with seven instructors and eighty-
nine students; Cobb Divinity School, with a faculty of six, and twenty students ;
Bates College proper, with ten professors and instructors, and one hundred
and forty-six students." For the support of these schools the corporation has,
besides annual donations from special friends, and the income from room rents
and tuition, the interest of above -^300, 000 of productive funds. Thus, well
organized, respectably equipped and endowed, with the confidence of the
public, and a commanding reputation for scholarship secured, with an increas-
ing circle of friends, and with a faculty whose character is best portrayed by
this record of results achieved. Bates College can be said to have started well
on a career of service for education, religion, and humanity.

CHAPTER XH.

MASONIC AND ODD FELLOW SOCIETIES.

FREEMASONRY in Androscoggin. — The first Masonic lodge in America,
St John's Lodge, was holden at Boston, July 30, 1733, by commission
from Lord Viscount Montague, Grand Master of England. The next
was St Andrew's Lodge, instituted there, November 30, 1752, by a dispensation
from Lord Aberdowr, Grand Master of Scotland. His successor, the P^arl of
Dalhousie, March 3, 1772, commissioned "Doctor Joseph Warren, Grand
Master of all the Masonic lodges in America." After General Warren fell on
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, Joseph Webb, Esq., succeeded him as Grand

1 Figures of 1890.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 209

Master. The first lodge in Maine was Portland Lodge, chartered in 1762,
established in March, 1769. The oldest chapter was Portland Chapter,
instituted in 1805. The Grand Lodge of Maine was established at Portland,
during the first session of the Maine Legislature, in 1820. The strong men of
Androscoggin Valley were heartily in unison with the fraternal spirit and
principles of Freemasonry, and in the first decade of this century movements
were made culminating in the creation of Oriental Star Lodge in Livermore
in 1811, and of Tranquil Lodge now of Auburn. From these have sprung
numerous children, and both exist to-day, exercising a potent influence in
Masonic counsels.

Oriental Star Lodije, No. 21, F. <f A. 31., North Livermore.^ — Among the
early settlers of Livermore and vicinity were quite a number of persons who
belonged to the ancient order of Free and Accepted Masons. Drawn together
by a fraternal feeling, stronger perhaps because they were strangers in a strange
land, they occasionally met together, when naturally the subject of Masonry
would be the topic of conversation. Afterwards there were appointed meetings
for consultation or instruction. Finally a general invitation was extended to
all brethren residing in the adjoining towns to meet at Stone's Hall, Livermore,
March 5, 1811, to take measures towards the formation of a lodge of Masons
in that vicinit}''. After mature consultation it was voted to petition the Most
Worshipful Grand Lodge of Massachusetts for a charter. At a meeting held
in July following they received notice that their petition had been granted,
and a charter was ready for them in Boston, upon the payment of the usual
fee of seventy dollars, granting them full powers as a lodge of Free and
Accepted Masons by the name of Oriental Star Lodge. This charter was
received at a meeting held April 21, 1812. It bore the date of June 13, 1811,
and was signed by Timothy Bigelow, Grand Master. At the same meeting
these officers were elected : W. Samuel Small, W. M. ; William H. Brettun, S.
W. ; Simeon Waters, J. W.; Jesse Stone, treasurer; Sylvester Strickland, secre-
tary. This lodge never worked under a dispensation. During the first few years
of its existence it had no suitable place for its meetings, and usually met in a
private room of a dwelling of one of the brethren, and sometimes in an
unfinished chamber over a store. It was determined to erect a building for
the accommodation of the lodge, and in 1818 a hall was erected at Stone's
Corner, Livermore, at a cost of about one thousand dollars. The lodge was
incorporated by the legislature, February 10, 1823, with the right to take and
hold for charitable and benevolent purposes real estate to the value of three
thousand dollars, and personal estate to the value of five thousand dollars.
The original members were Samuel Small, Sylvester Strickland, James
Johnston, Oliver Pollard, James Waite, Simeon Waters, Ithamar Phinney,
Isaac Root, Isaac Livermore, Libeus Leach, Aaron S. Barton, William H.

1 By S. G. Shurtleff.

210 History of Androscoggin County.

Brettun, Cornelius Holland, Jesse Stone, and Dexter Walker. These either
signed the petition or were active in the preliminary measures taken to start
the lodoe. Many of them were prominent and influential members of the
community.

The lodge got well under way and its prospects were looking bright wlieu
the Morgan excitement broke out. Oriental Star felt its disheartening influ-
ence with the rest. The excitement even got into the church. Stillman
Noyes, James Starr, Sebes Hyde, and Arnold Whittemore, members of (Oriental
Star, were also members of the Baptist church in Jay. They were notified to
withdraw from the order or lose their standing in the church. Of course they
adhered to their obligations as Masons, and the church concluded it would not be
wise to lose some of its best members. For about fifteen years following 1830
little or no work was done ; but the lodge usually elected its officers and was
in condition to do work. While at this time they received no accessions to
their numbers they were yet thoroughly imbuded with the spirit of Masonry
and some of the most interesting meetings were held during this period.

In 185(3 the lodge met with a severe misfortune. On July 26 their hall,
with a great part of their furniture, was burned. The loss was but one-half
covered by insurance. The lodge immediately voted to rebuild, and a new
hall was completed in November, 1857, which, on June 24 following, was
solemnly dedicated to Free Masonry by the M. W. Grand Lodge of Maine,
Most Worshipful Grand Master Robert P. Dunlap, presiding. November 9,
1875, this hall also, with the furniture, fixtures, and regalia, was destroyed by
fire, together with its ancient charter. In no ways discouraged. Oriental Star
promptly voted to rebuild on a larger scale. A new hall was erected the
next year, and completed so that the annual communication was held in it in
October. It was dedicated on June 21, 1877, by the M. W. Grand Lodge of
Maine. There were present, on this occasion, Whitney Lodge of Canton,
Reuel VVashburn Lodge of Livermore Falls, King Hiram Lodge of Dixfield,
beside delegations from Nezinscot, Evening Star, Tranquil, Kabboni, Asylum,
and Blazing Star lodges. The address was delivered by M. W. Josiah H.
Drunimond, I'ast Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine.

Oriental Star was organized during the earl}^ settlement of Livermore. As
this section of the state was then sparsely settled, it drew its membership
largely from the adjacent towns. But as the country became more thickly
settled, new lodges were formed in the adjoining towns, often drawing quite
largely upon Oriental Star for membership. In April, 1872, twenty-nine
members were dimitted to enable them to organize Whitney Lodge, in Canton.
Again in May, 1877, twenty -five more were dimitted to organize Reuel Wash-
burn Lodge at Livermore Falls. Few lodges have experienced so many
misfortunes or have met with so much discouragement as Oriental Star. It is
quite a different thing to build up and maintain a flourishing lodge in the

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 211

cities and larger villages where wealth abounds, to what it is in a sparsely
settled farming community. Oriental Star is entitled to much credit for its
energy and pluck in meeting its misfortunes so bravely, and so resolutely
pushing ahead against adversity. To resist the discouraging influence of the
anti-Morgan excitement, to lose two Masonic halls by fire within twenty years,
to lose fifty-four members within six years by dimit, and then to retain a
membership of ninety and possess a Masonic hall worth twenty-five hundred
dollai's, and an invested fund of more than one thousand dollars, is consider-
able for a small country town of less than twelve hundred population. More
than this, in November, 1873, it donated the sum of five hundred dollars to
Whitney Lodge, to be used for charitable purposes, according to the usages of
the fraternity. Doubtless the prosperity of the lodge was largely due to many
prominent and influential men included in its list of membership. Among
them may be mentioned Samuel Small, Cornelius Holland, and Keuel Washburn.
Samuel Small was a physician of extensive practice, and the first Master of the
lodge. He was a man of intelligence and respected by the whole community.
He represented his town in the legislature of Massachusetts and Maine, and
the County of Oxford in tlie Senate of Massachusetts and in the Senate of
Maine, and was a member of the executive council. Cornelius Holland was
also a phj^sician of large practice. He was an active member of the lodge
upon its first organization, and was conspicuous for his zeal and fidelity to
Masonic principles. He was several times elected to the State Senate, and
twice elected Representative to Congress.

Perhaps the man to whom Oriental Star Lodge is indebted more than to
any other is Reuel Washburn. He was born in 1793; graduated at Brown
University in 1814; admitted to the bar, 1817; made a Mason in 1818; elected
Master, 1822; D. D. S. M., 1826 and 1827; Grand Master, 1835-0-7; served his
lodge as Master seven years, and as secretary eleven years; was a member of
both branches of the legislature and of the executive council; was register
and judge of probate, and several times a candidate of the Whig party for
Congress. During his membership of Oriental Star Lodge of nearly sixty
years he was largely instrumental in shaping its course of action, and watchful
of its financial as well as of its moral advancement. He took a deep interest
in everything pertaining to Masonry, and his invaluable services both in and out
of the lodge to promote its usefulness will not soon be forgotten. His ability,
integrity, and upright bearing in all of the walks of life gave him an influence
possessed by no one else.

Among other prominent members of the lodge may be mentioned William
H. Brettun, an active business man, who accumulated quite a large estate;
Sylvester Strickland, a merchant, who was the first secretary of the lodge ;
Benjamin Bradford, for nearly sixty years a practicing physician in Livermore,
several times elected to the legislature, twice elected Master of the lodge, and

212 History of Androscoggin County.

held in high esteem by the fraternity ; Lee Strickland, colonel of the Eighth
Maine Infantry; Major Isaac Strickland, a prominent business man; Joseph
Covell, wlio died while consul to Prince Edward's Island; nor should the
name of Moses Stone be omitted, who served as chaplain of the lodge for
forty years. He was noted for integrity, firmness of purpose, and purity
of life. No member was so sincerely and universally venerated and loved
by the fraternity. During that dark period of Masonry, the anti-Masonic
excitement, he conld be seen advancing with a firm and unfaltering step
to that Masonic temple where his brethren were assembled, and where he
always devoutly and fervently prayed for the perpetuity of the order, and
God's blessing upon it. For his moral and Christian character and unblem-
ished reputation he was respected by all, and regarded in the order as a pillar
of strength.

Oriental Star has now a membership of ninety-two. With a lodge on one
side within five miles, and on the other side within three miles, its territory is
quite restricted, and its membership is therefore smaller than it otherwise
would be. The present officers are: Asa G. Timberlake, W. M. ; Willie A.
Thompson, S. W. ; K. A. Ryerson, J. W.; Caleb Smith, treasurer; S. G.
Shurtleff, secretary. The living past masters are : Lewis A. Farrar, John D.
Hodge, Cornelius M. Holland, Byron C. Waite, Everett L. Philoon, C. H.
Boothby, C. E. Knight, M.D., and George Q. Gammon.

Tranquil Lo(l</e, No. !B9, F. <|- A. M., Auhurti. — This lodge never worked
under a dispensation. March 18, 1818, a number of brethren met at the house
of Bro. Oliver Pollard in Minot (North Auburn), took the necessary steps for
formation and elected officers. These were Oliver Pollard, W. M. ; Henry
Jackson, S. W. ; Alden Blossom, J. W. ; Enoch Perkins, treasurer; Joseph
Keith, secretary ; Seth Staples, S. D. ; Asa Phillips, J. D. ; Hezekiah Bryant,
tyler. Beside these were present Lemuel Nash, Thomas Davis, Leonard
Richmond, Cyrus Clark, Jacob Hill, Reed Phillips, Aaron Bird, Jonathan Nash,
Henry Jones, Jr, Hira Bradford, Oliver Herrick. Opening a lodge of master
Masons they voted to apply for a charter, and a petition signed by the nineteen
Masons was forwarded to the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, which acted
favorably on the petition and granted a charter, dated March 11, 1818.
March 24, 1819, occurred the first meeting after the arrival of the charter.
Officers were chosen and Nathaniel Ingalls was proposed as a candidate. He
was accepted and was the first person initiated. From this time monthly
communications were held until September 19, when the lodge was constituted
by the Grand Lodge and its officers installed.

l^'rom 1820 to 1826 harmony prevailed, attendance was large, and good
work was done. February 9, 1824, the lodge was incorporated as a charitable
institution by the legislature to hold real estate to the value of |6,000, and
personal property amounting to 110,000. The membership was widely scat-

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 21S

tered; some lived at Turner village and neighborhood, others at Levviston
Falls, and others at Minot Corner, and several fruitless attempts were made to
divide the lodge or change the place of meeting. No work was done from
June, 1829, to June, 1847, although meetings were sustained until 1831, and
August 17, 1843, a fire destroyed the charter. June 23, 1847, the last meeting
was held at North Auburn. Officers were elected and it was voted to remove
the lodge to " Chamberlain Hall in Auburn, near Lewiston Falls," where,
October 13, the officers were publicly installed. The new charter was dated
May 20, 1847. From this time the prosperity of the lodge has been contin-
uous, the ablest citizens being members, and active in work. Among those
removed by death in its earlier years were Mark Hill (1848), George W. Chase
(D. D. G. M.), and Dan Read (1853), Gen. Alden Blossom, of Turner, eighty-
seven years old, a Past Master (1863), G. F. Newell, Jacob Herrick, Edmund
D. Covell, and (ieorge C. C'ross (18(34), C. R. Bowker, G. G. Robinson, Joseph
Freeman, Joseph Lufkin, and A. A. Trueworthy (1865). In 1868 died A. H.
Small and T. A. D. Fessenden; in 1869 S. S. Bridgham, Lewis Phillips, and R.
L. Andrews ; in 1870 Hubbard Lovejoy, William Kilbourne, Isaac L. Merrill ;
in 1871 J. M. Blossom and J. K. Piper ; in 1872 B. E. Lombard and Almon C.
Pray, the last a very zealous Mason and master of the lodge. John Penley,
for nearly sixty years a Mason, died in 1873. These 3^ears have given the
greatest mortality among the members in proportion to the number. June
24, 1874, the dedication of Masonic Hall (now used by Burnside Post as a
G. A. R. Hall) occurred with the celebration of St John's Day. The Grand
Lodge, Ashlar, Kabboni, Cumberland, and Nezinscot lodges, DeMolay, Trinity,
Biddeford, and Lewiston commanderies joining in the services. In 1876
an extensive history of the lodge, written by Brother Robert Martin, was
published in pamphlet form by the lodge. Up to January, 1875, 931 commu-
nications had been held, 333 persons initiated, and 82 applications rejected,
and at that date the lodge numbered 198 members.

In 1876 George C. Wing was elected W. M.; John B. Jordan, S. W. ; H.
D. Donovan, J. W.; John Pickard, treasurer; J. F. Atwood, secretary.
January 27 Rev. (xeorge Bates, formerly pastor of the Universalist church,
was buried with Masonic honors. Past G. W. Reuel Washburn acting as W. M.
Quite a mortality among the members this year. In 1877 John B. Jordan
was chosen W. M.; H. D. Donovan, S. W.; Algernon M. Roak, J. W. Brother
Pickard was again chosen treasurer, and Brother Atwood secretary. They
have done their duty so well that in the wisdom of tlie lodge there has been
no change demanded in either of these offices, and after fifteen years of active
service they now hold and wear the jewel insignia of the key and pen,
October 11 a special communication was called to form an escort to the pro-
cession participating in the dedication of the statute of Edward Little in the
Auburn park. 1878 — same officers as last year. It appears to be an almost

214 History of Androscoggin County.

unbroken custom of the lodge to keep the elective officers in place for two
successive years. 1879 — H. D. Donovan, W. M.; Algernon M. Roak, S. W. ;
Albert R. Savage, J. W. June 24, St John's day, the lodge sent a large
delegation to participate in the grand Masonic celebration held at Portland.
1880-1881 — A. M. Roak, W. M.; A. R. Savage, S. W. ; E. G. Heath, J. W.
February 19, 1881, a special communication was called to conduct the funeral
exercises of Worshipful Brother Augustus Callahan, Past Master of this lodge.
Past District Deputy Grand Master, and later a member of Ashlar Lodge,
Lewiston. His Masonic virtues and activity were great, and it was with
intense sorrow that the sprig of acacia was planted at his grave. August 30
a number of the members went to Poland Springs to assist in the obsequies of
Robert E.Campbell, a temporary resident at the Springs, and a brother Mason.
1882 — Albert R. Savage, W. M.; Elbridge G. Heath, S. W.; Charles E. Darling,
J. W. Brother Liberty H. Hutchinson, a young man of brilliant attainments,
this year was called to the Grand Lodge above. 1883-1884 — -Elbridge G.
Heath, VV. M. ; Charles E. Darling, S. W.; W. Freeman Lord, J. W. August
3, 18S4, a large number from this lodge joined Lewiston Commandery in con-
ducting the funeral rites of lirother Warren Ward, a worthy and much
resijected brother. This year were also attended two other funerals of worthy
brethren: William Haskell (November 7) and Charles E.Smith (November 18),
while close following thes^, January 29, the lodge bore Brother Charles T.
Davis to his last earthly resting-place. 1885-1886 — Charles E. Darling, W. M. ;
W. F. Lord, S. W.; Benjamin F. Metcalf, J. W. March 29, 1885, occurred
the funeral of Brother Ansel L. Lombard, formerly the treasurer of the lodge.
April 30 the lodge was called to mourn the death of Brother Joseph Littlefield,
for many years identified with the growth and activity of the lodge, and to
carry his remains to the grave. June 7 Dr R. F. Harlow, an old and
prominent Mason, was buried. June 18 the oldest member, Robert Martin,
a very enthusiastic and valued Mason, was buried. His apron, on which the
Masonic emblems were carefully painted and which he wore from the time he
was "made a Mason," was presented to the lodge after his death, and now,
appropriately framed, hangs in the lodge room, a cherished souvenir and
ornament.

January 20, 1887, Brother Jacob Robie was buried under the auspices of
the lodge. 1887-1888 — W. F. Lord, W. M.; B. F. Metcalf, S. W.; Everett M.
Stevens, J. W. December 28 Brother J. Q. A. Atwood received Masonic
burial by the lodge. October 23 the lodge attended the funeral of Brother
Joseph Nichols, at Lisbon. September 6, 1888, Brother Jacob B. Ham was
buried, one of the oldest members, for thirty-four years connected with this
lodge where he was initiated. He filled the office of mayor of Lewiston for
the first two terms. December 13 Brother Rodney F. Foss, a Past Master and
an active working member, was buried. 1889 — B. F. Metcalf, W. M.; E. M.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 215

Stevens, S. W.; Henry H. Hanson, J. W. The lease of the lodge-room expir-
ing, the tliird story of the new Savings Bank Block was especially fitted up
for a Masonic hall and leased for twenty years. For its size it is the finest and
best hall in Maine. It is occupied and jointly owned by Tranquil Lodge,
Ancient Brothers Lodge, and Bradford Chapter, and was dedicated by the
officers of the Grand Lodge, June 24, 1889.

The officers elected for 1891 were: E. M. Stevens, W. M.; George B.
Attwood, S. W.; Harry L. Haskell, J. W.; A. M. Roak, treasurer; J. F.
Atwood, secretary; D. W. Verrill, trustee for Masonic Association. The
reports were very satisfactory to the members, showing the lodge to be in a
prosperous condition, financially and otherwise.

The masters from the first have been (in order of service) : Oliver Pollard,
Alden Blossom, Joseph Keith, Oliver Pollard, William l^ickford, George W.
Chase (elected G. W. in 1849), Josiah Little, Jr, Augustus Callahan, S. H.
Wilson, George A. Gordon, A. Callahan, J. P. Fessenden, S. H. Wilson, O. H.
Maxwell, George S. Woodman, N. W. Button, W. M. Emerson, R. F. Foss,

A. C. Pray (died in office), George McClure, G. S. Woodman, George C. Wing,
John B. Jordan, H. D. Donovan, Algernon M. Roak, Albert R. Savage,
Elbridge G. Heath, Charles E. Darling, W. F. Lord, B. F. Metcalf, E. M.
Stevens.

Tranquil Lodge has contributed liberally to the formation of many of the
lodges of the county, while she is numerously represented in the higher
Masonic bodies, hi the pcr^^ontwl of its membership, in the character of its
work, and in the liberality of its charity it is second to no other lodge, and the
statement below is as true now as when Brother Martin wrote it in 1870 :
"Not only has every needy call from a distressed worthy brother been promptly
answered, but objects of charity, whether brethren, widows, or orphans, have
been sought out and generously supplied from the funds of the lodge, and also
by private contribution."

Ancient Brothers Loth/e, iV(>. 17S, Anhurn, F. <|' A. 31.^ ^ was granted a
dispensation by M. W. Albert Moore, G. M., dated June 25, 1875, with these
officers: Samuel O. Wood, W. M. ; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; and Marcellus

B. Preble, J. W. After working under dispensation for one year, and
initiating fourteen candidates, a charter was granted, dated May 4, 1870, with
the following charter members: Forest E. Bisbee, George H. Brown, DeWitt

C. Chase, Lewis A. Cobb, Francis Corson, C. B. Eaton, Enoch Perkins, George
Parker, Isaac S. Robinson, Edwin T. Stevens, Andrew M. Peables, Milton J.
Loring, Nathaniel M. Neal, Samuel O. Wood, H. A. Wallingford, Albert M.
Penley, M. B. Preble, James W. Peables, Albion G. Smith.

At a special communication, held in Masonic Hall, in Auburn, June 15,
1876, the following representatives of the Grand Lodge were present: Most

1 By L. A. Cobb.

216 History of Androscoggin County.

Worshipful Albert Moore, G. M.; Right Worshipful William J. Burnham as
D. G. M.; Right Worthy Fessenden I. Day as S. G. W.; Worshipful A. M.
Larrabee as J. G. W.; Worshipful W. W. Sanborn as G. Treas. ; Worshipful
George A. Callahan as G. Sec; Worshipful H. E. Morriscy as G. S. D.;
Worshipful C. H. Jumper as G. J. D.; Right Worshipful Warren Phillips, G.
Tyler. The lodge was then formally constituted and the following ofifioers
were duly installed by the Most Worshipful Grand Master: Samuel O. Wood,
W. M.; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; M. B. Preble, J. W.; Nathaniel M. Neal,
treasurer; Edwin T. Stevens, secretary; G. M. Atkins, chaplain; J. W.
Peables, M.; M. J. Loring, S. D. ; F. E. Bisbee, J. D.; L. L. Hersey, S. S.;
C. H. Parker, J. S.; Charles E. Johnson, tyler. At the annual communication,
held October 5, 1876, the lodge elected: A. M. Penley, W. M.; M. J. Loring,
S. W.; George Parker, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary;
and at the annual communication, held October 16, 1877, the same officers
were re-elected.

At the annual communication held October 15, 1878, the following were
elected: M. J. Loring, W. M.; G. M. Atkins, S. W.; John T. Hale, J. W.;
N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communica-
tion held October 21, 1870, the same officers were re-elected. At the annual
communication, held October 19, 1880, the following officers were elected:
George Parker, W. M.; John T. Hale, S. W.; Isaac S. Robinson, J. W. ; N. M.
Neal, treasurer ; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communication held
October 18, 1881, elected: N. M. Neal, W. M. ; L S. Robinson, S. W. ; C. H.
Parker, J. W.; E. O. Wells, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the
annual communication held October 17, 1882, elected: Isaac S. Robinson, W.
M.; C. H. Parker, S. W.; G. M. Atkins, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T.
Stevens, secretary. A special meeting of the lodge was called December 25
to attend the funeral of Isaac S. Robinson, Master of the lodge. At the next
regular meeting suitable resolutions were adopted and the secretary instructed
to inscribe a page of the records to his memory. At the annual communica-
tion held October 16, 1883, elected: Lionel O. Brackett, W. M. ; G. M.
Atkins, S. W. ; H. B. Sawyer, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens,
secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1884, the officers
were re-elected with the exception of Brother E. T. Stevens, who, having
served as secretary of the lodge since its organization, declined a re-election,
and Walter H. Jolnison was elected. At the annual communication held
October 20, 1885, elected: Orrel Brown, W. M. ; J. H. Litchfield, S. W.;
Benjamin R. Irish, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. At
the annual communication held October 19, 1886, the same officers were
re-elected. At the annual communication held October 18, 1887, elected: J.
H. Litchfield, W. M.; H. L. Gurney, S. W.; M. P. Buchanan, J. W.; N. M.
Neal, treasurer; J^. A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 217

October 16, 1888, re-elected the officers of the previous year. At the annual
communication held October 15, 1889, elected: Herbert L. (Jurney, W. M.;
M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; C. S. Stevens, J. W. ; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L.
A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1890,
elected: Herbert L. Gurney, W. M.; M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; Clarence A.
Chase, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. A public instal-
lation was held in Masonic Hall, Tuesday, November 18, and the above officers
were installed by M. W. Frank E. Sleeper, P. G. M., assisted by M. W. Fes-
senden I. Day as Grand Marshal, and R. W. William J. Burnham as Grand
Chaplain .

Of the 20 charter members 13 are at present members, three have died, and
four have left the lodge. In addition to its charter members the lodge has
gained 78 by initiation and 11 by dimit, making the whole number on its books
109. It has lost by death, dimits, and other causes, 19. Its present member-
ship (November, 1890,) is 90. The meetings are well attended, and a good
degree of interest is manifested by the brethren in the advancement of masonry
and the prosperity of the lodge.

Bradford CJiapter, No. 38^ R. A. M.^ — This body began its existence as
Auburn Chapter under a dispensation granted May 17, 1874, to Companions
George S. Woodman, Rodney F. Foss, Joseph Littlefield, Charles B. Merrill,
Robert M. Sykes, Levi W. Sanborn, Myron W. Jones, George B. Stevens,
Samuel O. Wood, Henry D. Donovan, Cyrus Hall, Albert M. Penley, Charles
C. Keith, S. E. Wentworth, Milton J. Loring, Daniel E. Hall, Charles B.
Eaton, Albert W. Larrabee, Isaac S. J\obinson, Daniel F. Bean, and Edwin M.
Leavitt. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, apjjointed Companion
George S. AVoodman the first High Priest, Companion Rodney F. Foss the
first King, and Companion Joseph Littlefield the first Scribe. May 18 the
companions assembled at the probate court room in Auburn, and a chapter of
Royal Arch Masons was opened. Present, M. E. George S. Woodman, H. P.;
E. Rodney F. Foss, King; E. Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; Companions C. B.
Merrill, E. M. Leavitt, L. W. Sanborn, A. W. Larrabee, J. S. Robinson, C. B,
Eaton, A. M. Penley, and S, O. Wood. The dispensation was read by the
H. P. and accepted. The M. E. H. P. appointed C/ompanions S. O. Wood,
C. of H.; George B. Stevens, P. S. ; A. M. Penley, R. A. C; E. M. Leavitt,
treasurer; C. B. Merrill, secretary; D. F. Bean, M. 3d V.; H. D. Donovan,
M. 2d v.; C. B. Eaton, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sent. Companions Leavitt,
Robinson, and Foss were chosen to procure a room for meetings, Companions
Donovan, Merrill, and Foss to prepare by-laws, and Companions Larrabee,
Wood, and Stevens to procure furniture and regalia. Voted that the stated
convocations be held on the first Tuesday of each month.

A stated convocation was held June 2, 1874. Petitions for degrees were

1 By Algernon M. Roak, P. H. P.

218 History of Androscoggin County.

received from brothers Algernon M. Roak, James W. Peables, Abram Atwood,
John B. Jordan, John Pickard, Henry Little, George C. Wing, Samuel F.
Merrill, Ansel L. Lombard, George W. Curtis, Andrew M. Peables, Benjamin
F. Sturgis. Later all were elected to the degrees. Tranquil Lodge offered
the free use of its rooms to the chapter, while working under dispensation,
and it was voted to accept the offer. August 27 the first work was done,
Algernon M. Koak, James W. Peables, and Abram Atwood being advanced
to the honorary degree of Mark Master Mason. February 9, 1875, a con-
vocation was called to confer the Mark Master's, Past Master's, and Most
Excellent Master's degrees. Li the evening the Hoyal Arch degree was
conferred. M. E. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, in his ofificial
capacit}^ reviewed the work, and expressed himself as much pleased. There
was present a large representation from King Hiram and other chapters. It
was voted to change the name of the chapter to liradford. At the annual
session of the Grand Chapter, May 4, 1875, the Grand High Priest, in his
communication, said:

February 9, 1874, I iii^pected the work in all the degrees, and with pleasure report it
eminently satisfactory. Accuracy, deliberation, and dignity characterized the entire
ceremonies. Their large and elegant hall with its suitable appointments, the specimens of
their skill, their zealous efforts to succeed, all afford, abundant evidence that with a
charter they would do credit to themselves and honor to the Grand Chapter.

The charter was granted May 5, 1875, as Bradford Chapter, No. 38, to take
rank and precedence from May 7, 1874. June 1, 1875, the companions who had
signed the petition assembled to accept the charter, and to elect officers. The
chapter was constituted by M. E. Henry L. Paine, Grand High Priest; Joseph
M. Hayes, Grand King; F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe; Warren Phillips,
Grand Sentinel; George A. Callahan and A. K. P. Knowlton, King Hiram
Chapter; N. Woodbury, Somerset Chapter; F. 1. Day, St Paul Chapter. The
Grand High Priest installed the officers: George S. Woodman, H. P.; Rodney
F. Foss, King; Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; E. L. Leavitt, Treasurer; Charles B.
Merrill, Secretary; Samuel (). Wood, C. of H.; Albert M. Penley, P. S.;
Henry D. Donovan, R. A. C.; C. B. Eaton, M. 3d V.; D. E. Hall, M. 2d V.;
L. W. Sanborn, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sentinel. September 5, 1875, Comp.
Daniel E. Hall died. At the annual convocation in Portland, May 2, 1876, the
Grand High Priest in his report said:

November 2 I visited this chapter and inspected work on the R. A. degree, which was
presented in a manner which many of our older chapters would do well to imitate.

June 3, 187t), the annual convocation was held. Up to this time the chapter
had exalted thirty-two companions. The following were elected : M. E. Rodney
F. Foss, H. P.; Samuel O. Wood, King; Albert M. Penley, Scribe ; E. M.
Leavitt, Treasurer; C. B. Merrill, Secretary; R. L. Harlow, C. of H.; A. M.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 219

Roak, P. S. ; J. W. Peables, R. A. C, and, June 22, were installed by M. E.
George S. Woodman, P. H. P., assisted by Companion John B. Jordan as
Marshal. March 6, 1877, R. E. F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe, officially visited
the chapter. June 5 the annual convocation was held. During the year
there had been six exaltations. The officers elected were : M. E. Samuel O.
Wood, H. P. ; Albert M. Penley, King ; R. L, Harlow, Scribe ; E. M. Leavitt,
Treasurer ; C. B. Merrill, Secretary ; A. M. Roak, C. of H. ; A.R. Savage, P. S. ;
B. F. Metcalf, R. A. C. July 19 P. H. P. Augustus Callahan, assisted by
P. H. P. George S. Woodman, as Grand Marshal, publicly installed the officers.
February 8, 1878, R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., made an official visit.
There were also present M. E. John W. Ballou, P. G. H. P.; R. E. F. T.
Faulkner, Grand King, and a large number of visiting companions. June 4,
1878, were elected: A. M. Penley, H. P.; R. L. Harlow, King; A. M. Roak,
Scribe ; A. R. Savage, C. of H. ; B. F. Metcalf, P. S. ; W. F. Lord, R. A. C. ;
E. M. Leavitt, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec, who, June 19, were publicly installed
by R. E. Jos. A. Locke, Grand Scribe, assisted by F. I. Day, P. H. P., as
Marshal. March 12, 1879, R. E. Comp. Locke again visited the chapter when
the Royal Arch degree was conferred. In his report to the Grand Chapter,
May, 1879, he said :

The officers of this chapter are determined not to be excelled, and the large attend-
ance showed that the companions as well as the officers felt a deep Interest in the welfare
and good name of their chapter.

Right Eminent F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, and visitors from King Hiram
St Paul, Keystone, Androscoggin, Jerusalem, and Turner cliapters were also
present. June 3, 1879, were elected: Comp. R. L. Harlow, H. P.; A. M. Roak,
King; A. R. Savage, Scribe; B. F. Metcalf, C. of H.; W. F. Lord, P. S ; J. F.
Atwood, R. A. C. ; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 17 P.
H. P. A. M. Penley, assisted by P. H. P. George S. Woodman as Marshal, pub-
licly installed the officers. After the installation a banquet was served. June
1, 1880, were elected: A. M. Roak, H. P.; A. R. Savage, King; B. F. Metcalf,
Scribe; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; W. F. Lord, C. of H. ;
J. F. Atwood, P. S.; C. E. Libby, R. A. C. July 6 P. H. P. R. L. Harlow,
with the assistance of P. H. P. Geo. S. Woodman as Marshal, publicly installed
the officers. After the installation refreshments were served. January 4,
1881, the committee appointed to present resolutions on the death of Comp.
Charles B. Eaton, reported this among others: ^'' Me solved, That in the death
of Companion Eaton this chapter has lost a worth}'' member, — who, as one of
its charter members, labored hard for its success, — his widow, a kind husband,
and the state a good citizen." March 8, 1881, M. E. Jos. M. Hayes, G. H. P.,
made his official visit. In his report he said:

I visited Bradford Chapter, No. 38, Auburn, and witnessed work in the Royal Arch
degree. This chapter, although young, is one that will rank high, for its officers are

220 History op Androscoggin County.

interested in its welfare, are accurate ritualists, and appreciate the spirit of the text. The
work presented would have been creditable for any chapter.

June 7, 1881, were elected: A. R. Savage, H. P.; B. F. Metcalf, King; W.

F. Lord, Scribe; J. F. Atwood, C. of H.; C. E. Libby, P. S.; E. G. Thompson,
R. A. C; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 14 the officers were
publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., assisted by A. M. Penley, P. H. P.,
as Grand Marshal. April 4, 1882', R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P., made
his official visit. In his report he said:

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn and witnessed work in the M. M. M. degree. The
oflScers and many of the members showed a very commendable zeal to ascertain what is the
correct wording of the ritual. The chapter is in a prosperous condition.

June G, 1882, these officers were elected: B. F. Metcalf, H. P.; W. F.
Lord, King; J. F. Atwood, Scribe; C. E. Libby, C. of H.; H. G. Foss, P. S. ;
E. G. Heath, R. A. C.; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; and
June 29 they were publicly installed by A. R. Savage, P. H. P., assisted
by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 27, 1883, R. E. Manley G.
Trask, Grand King, made his official visit. In his report, he said:

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed most excellent work on the
M. E. M. degree. The officers displayed a thorough knowledge of their several parts.

June 5, 1883, the following were elected: W. F. Lord, H. P.; J. F.
Atwood, King ; C. E. Libby, Scribe ; H. G. Foss, C. of H. ; E. G. Heath,
P. S. ; L. O. Brackett, R. A. C. ; Geo. C. Wing, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec.
June 12 the officers were publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. XL P., assisted by
A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 4, 1884, resolutions were adopted to
the memory of our late companion, Marcellus B. Preble. April 22 M. E. Frank
E. Sleej)er, G. H. P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said:

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn. Three candidates were exalted. The chapter
has done a large amount of work during the year, and I judge from the specimens of skill
exhibited at the time of my visit, it has been well done.

June 3, 1884, the following officers were elected: J. F. Atwood, H. P.;
C. E. Libby, King; H. G. Foss, Scribe; E. G. Heath, C. of H. ; L. O.
Brackett, P. S. ; L. W. Haskell, R. A. C.; Geo. C^ Wing, Treas.; L. Linn
Small, Sec. They were installed July 1 by W. F. Lord, P. H. P., assisted by
A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. September 2 resolutions were adopted in
memory of Comp. Warren Ward, who died August 1, 1884. February 3,
1885, resolutions were reported to the memory of Comp. Charles E. Smith,
who died November 15, 1884. March 31, 1885, M. E. Frank E. Sleeper,

G. IL P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said:

March 31, I visited Bradford Chapter at Aubm-n. The Royal Arch degree was conferred
in accordance with the standard ritual, and in a very correct manner. The High Priest

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 221

and several of his companions are thorough ritualists, and have labored hard to bring the
work to a high state of proficiency in which they have well succeeded. The records are
nicely kept, and the chapter is prospering.

June 2, 1885, these officers were elected: C. E. Libby, H. P.; H. G. Foss,
King; E. G. Heath, Scribe; L. O. Brackett, C. H. ; L. W. Haskell, P. S.;
H. W. Hutchins, R. A. C. ; Geo. (-. Wing, Treas. ; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 16
the officers were installed by M. E. J. F. Atwood, P. H. P., assisted by W. F.
Lord as Marshal. August 4 resolutions were adopted on the death of Conip.
Ansel L. Lombard. February 19, 1886, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D. G. H. P.
made his official visit. In his report he said: "I visited Bradford Royal Arch
Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed work in the R. A. degree, which was very
correctly done." June 1, 1886, were elected : H. G. Foss, H. P. ; E. G. Heath,
King; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 6 the officers were
installed by M. E. Chas E. Libby, assisted by Ex. A. M. Roak as G. C. of H.
February 8, 1887, R. PI Chas I. Collamore, Grand Scribe, made his official
visit. In his report he said: "At Auburn I saw the R. A. degree conferred.
The work was performed in an impressive manner. This chapter is in good
condition." March 1 resolutions were presented on the death of Comp. Jacob
Robie. June 7 the following were elected: E. G. Heath, H. P.; H. Wesley
Hutchins, King; Henry H. Hanson, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M.
Roak, Sec. ; and July 5, they were installed by M. E. H. G. Foss, assisted by
W. F. Lord as Grand Captain of Host. April 3, 1888, M. E. James M. Nevens,
G. H. P., made his official visit and reported:

April .3 I made my oflBcial visit to Bradford Chapter, and witnessed work in the R. A.
degree. The officers were all new in their stations, and this was the first time that they
had worked the degree, yet it was very well presented.

June 5 the following were elected: H. Wesley Hutchins, H. P.; Henry
H. Hanson, King; Geo. B. Attwood, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M.
Roak, Sec. July 3 the officers were installed by R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted
by E. G. Heath as Grand C. of H. April 30, 1880, M. E. Geo. W. Goulding,
G. H. P., made his official visit. In his report he said:

Bradford Chapter, in the beautiful city of Auburn, was visited by me April 30. The
Eoyal Arch degree was worked to my entire satisfaction. Twelve exaltations during the
year with several applications pending will give an idea of its condition.

June 5 were elected: Henry H. Hanson, H. P.; Geo. B. Attwood, King;
E. H. Hutchins, Scribe ; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas. ; A. M. Roak, Sec. August 6
the officers were installed b}'^ R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted by Chas E. Libby as
G. C. of A. March 4, 1890, R. E. Judson B. Dunbar, Grand Scribe, made an
official visit. June 3 these officers were chosen: Geo. B. Attwood, H. P.;
E. H.- Hutchins, King; L. O. Brackett, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.;

222 History of Androscoggin County.

A. M. Roak, Sec. They were installed July 1 by Henry H. Hanson, assisted
by n. E. A. M. Penley as G. C. of H. The officers for 1891 are: E. H.
Hutchins, H. P.; L. O. Brackett, King; E. L. Philoon, S. ; Geo. S. Woodman,
Treas.; A. M. Roak, Sec; C. A. Ring, C. of H.; L. O. Morse, P. S. ; M. B.
Watson, R. A. C; J. F. Atwood, A. M. Penley, D. W. Verrill, Finance
Committee ; J. F. Atwood, Trustee. There is no more united or more flourishing
body in a large region ; no better workers ; nor a band of brothers whose
mutual strivings after excellence in masonic virtues have given more satisfactory
results than has been the case with our highly favored brotherhood, and the
prospect seems pleasant in the future.

Auhurn Council Princes of Jerusalem was instituted at Masonic Hall under
a dispensation granted April 12, 1888. There were 26 charter members :
Fessenden I. Day, A. M. Penley, Horace C Little, Algernon M. Roak, Wm
J. Burnham, John Garner, A. R. Savage, George C. Wing, H. W. Hutchins,
T. J. Miller, Seth D. Wakefield, M. E. D. Bailey, Fred H. White, Charles H.
Jumper, Frank H. Johnson, Wm Freeman Lord, C. E. Libby, Elbridge G.
Heath, J. H. Foss, Frank L. Sleeper, Charles L. Cushman, Frank T. Faulkner,
Joseph H. Stetson, John W. Ballon, D. P. Boynton, John B. Cotton. The
first meeting was held June 28, 1888. The officers then appointed and elected
are: Fessenden I. Day, M.-. E.-, S.-. P.-. Grand Master; Albert M. Penley,
G.-. H.-. P.-. Deputy Grand Master; Horace C. Little, M.-. E.-. S.-. Grand
Warden ; Algernon M. Roak, M.-. E.-. J.-. Grand Warden; William J. Burnham,
Val. Grand Treas.; Elbridge G. Heath, Val. Grand Sec. K.-. of S.-. & A.-.;
Albert R. Savage, Val. Grand M.-. of C.-. ; John B. Cotton, Val. (ira.nd
Almoner ; Wm Freeman Lord, V.-. G.-. M.-. of E.-. ; Charles Libby, Grand
tyler. The regular meetings of the council are held on the second Thursdays
of January, April, July, and October, at Masonic Hall, Auburn. Regular
meetings may be called by the Grand Master to meet on the second Thursday
of any other month. November 9, 1888, the council was visited by Portland
Council P. of J., which exemplified the work for the new council, and were
entertained at a banquet provided at the Elm House. The number of
members, March, 1891, was (36.

iJichei/ Chapter^ I\<n<e Croix, A. <f A. A., Scottish Rite, Auhurn, was organized
at Masonic Hall, under a dispensation granted January 5, 1891, with these
charter members: Wm J. Burnham, Albert M. Penley, Fessenden I. Day,
Algcniion M. Roak, Wm F. Wood, Charles E. Libby, Wm Freeman Lord,
Elbridge G. Heath, Wm D. Pennell, F. T. Faulkner, Charles E. Philoon, H.
Wesley Hutchins, James E. Coombs, Albert R. Savage, George C. Wing, Wm
Chandler Bearce, Fred H. White, Seth D. Wakefield, Joseph K. Stetson, Wm
Parkin, Samuel Sylvester, Daniel Fessenden, Frank H. Johnson, John Garner,
Frank S. French, H. G. Foss, John A. Greenleaf, Frank E, Sleeper, M. E. D.
Bailey, Charles L. Cushman, Horace C. Little, Daniel P. Boynton, Charles H.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 223

Miller. The first regular meeting was held in Masonic Hall, January 27, 1891.
The officers for 1891 are: Wm J. Buruham, M.-. W.-. e^ P.-. M.-.; A. M. Penley,
M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. S.-. W.-.; F. I. Day, M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. J.-. W.-.; A. M.
Roak, M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. G.-. ().-. ; Wm F. Wood, R.-. & 1\-. K.-. T.-. ; Charles
E. Libby, R.-. & P.-. K.-. H.-.; Wm F. Lord, R.-. & P.-. K.-. M.-. of C.-. ; E. G.
Heath, R.-. & P.-. K.-. S.-. March 26, 1891, the work was rendered by the
officers of Dunlap Chapter of Rose Croix of Portland, and the following
Valorous Princes received the degree of Knight of the East and West, 17°,
and Knight of the Eagle and Pelican : Walter E. Plummer, James H. Brewster,
Albert B. Nealey, Edwin R. Protheroe, George W. Hutchins, Melville W.
Manter, George B. Bearce, Arthur G. Staples, H. Bradford Hayes, Sylvester S.
Wright, Willie A. Knight, Augustus A. Waite, Lavator O. Morse, Ernest W.
Russell, John B. Wise, Harry L. Haskell, James II. Eacott, Samuel Hibbert,
Abram Atwood, James F. Atwood, John N. Wood.

Ashlar Lodge., No. 105., F. cf A. M.., Leivuton., had its origin in a meeting
held at the DeWitt House, October 24, 1860, where Jos. Pearson Gill,
Jos. P. Fessendeu, Samuel W. Kilvert, David Cowan, Eli Fernald, J. D.
Rollins, Nathaniel J. Jackson, Isaac J. Carr, Geo. H. Nye, Carlos Nudd, Geo.
W. Wright, A. C. Mitchell, Wm Skelton, H. H. Dickey, Wm Knowlton, A. K.
P. Knowlton, Uriah Balkam, Benjamin I. Leeds, signed a petition in answer
to which a dispensation was granted November 5, 1860, by Josiah H. Drum-
mond, Grand Master, to the petitioners to work as a lodge of F. & A. M. He
appointed Jos. Pearson Gill to be the first W. M., Jos. P. Fessenden, S. W.,
and Eli Fernald, J. W. The other officers were S. W. Kilvert, Treas. ; A. K.
P. Knowlton, Sec; N. J. Jackson, S. D. ; Wm Knowlton, J. I).; Wm Skelton,
S. S.; Geo. H. N3^e, J. S.; Rev. LIriah Balkam, Chap.; David Cowan,
Marshal; A.C.Mitchell, Sentinel; Carlos Nudd, Tyler. The young lodge
attracted much attention from Masons and had many visitors. June 9, 1862, an
invitation was received from Portland Lodge, No. 1, to attend the centennial
anniversary in that city, on June 24, which was accepted. November 3, the
lodge voted "to unite with King Hiram Chapter in hiring the floor containing
the hall in Mr Dingley's building on Lisbon street at -ij^lOO per year." During

1863 17 were initiated. January 17, 1864, occurred the first Masonic funeral,
conducted by the lodge, that of Josiah Stimson. December 27 a special com-
munication was held to attend the funeral of Brother Wm Knowlton. During

1864 43 petitions were received and 21 initiated. May 8, 1865, the lodge gave
a vote of thanks to Bro. Samuel W. Kilvert for the present of an altar. (Jctober
30 the Lewiston Masonic Association was formed by Ashlar Lodge, King
Hiram Chapter, Dunlap Council, and Lewiston Commandery. By January 1,
1866, the record of the annual meeting had grown to several pages, showing
the growth and importance of the lodge. Ham Brooks and Samuel W.
Kilvert were appointed members of the board of trustees for Ashlar Lodge.

224 History of Androscoggin County.

April 23 a communication was received from Charlottestown, P. E. I., giving
information of the death and burial of Brother Joseph Covell. January 14,
1867, the secretary's report says: " There have been 22 admitted to membership
during the year, and there are now 96 members. One brother has died, J. U.
Parkinson. The amount of the charity fund is 1399.86." In June a committee
was appointed to have by-laws printed. October 23 the lodge attended the
funeral of Bro. Noah C. Barnes. January 6, 1868, annual meeting. Seventeen
have joined during the past year, 35 communications have been held, and the
lodge has 111 members. The charity fund has risen to $508.16, and the
treasurer holds in cash 1530. May 11 voted to place the procuring of another
hall in the hands of the trustees. July 28 attended the funeral of Bro. A. H.
Small of Tranquil Lodge. November 30 R. W. Wm J. Burnham, D. D. G. M.,
made the lodge an official visit. December 28 a petition for another (new)
lodge in Lewiston was presented by H. H. Dickey, and petitioners were
allowed permission to present it to the Grand Lodge by a unanimous vote.
The lodge also voted to allow the new lodge the use of the jewels and furniture
of Ashlar Lodge for six months. January 25, 1869, annual meeting. Seven-
teen have joined during the year; whole number of members, 124; amount
of charity fund, $614.69. J. P. Gill, A. Callahan, and Wm J. Burnham were
continued in their ver}^ useful place as finance committee. Wm J. Burnham
was also appointed trustee of the Masonic Association.

Januar}^ 17, 1870, was held the first annual meeting in the hall in Savings
Bank building. The lodge voted to procure new regalia, to authorize the loan
of the funds of the lodge to the trustees of the Masonic Association, and $1,000
was so loaned, also $400 of the charity fund. The officers were installed Jan-
uary 31, by R. W. Isaac G. Curtis, D. D. G. M. April 25 R. W. I. G. Curtis,
D. D. G. M., made an official visit. October 3 a committee on history was
appointed, consisting of Brothers John F. Putnam, Augustus Callahan, and
Wm J. Burnham. January 2, 1871, annual meeting. Ten have become
members during the year, and there are 136 members. The lodge has a fund
of $1,153.59 and a charity fund of $788.41. April 3 received a petition from
Bro. Luther Lombard and 14 others asking permission to present it to the
Grand Lodge for a dispensation for a lodge at Webster. October 23 the lodge
by vote approved of the action of the treasurer and W. M. in sending $100 to
the sufferers from the fire in Chicago. This was sent on Tuesday following
the fire on Sunday, and the record says: "This was probably the first remit-
tance from New England if not the first made in the country." The same
evening the lodge received a novel and beautiful present from Bro. George B.
Moore of Brownsville, Neb., of the square and compasses tastefully wrought
in wax, which now ornaments Masonic Hall. November 5 the lodge buried
the body of Bro. L. B. Roys, of Miami Lodge, Cincinnati, O., in Riverside
Cemetery, with Masonic honors. January 22, 1872, annual meeting. Seven-

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 225

teen members have been added to the lodge during the year, making a total of
151. March 18 intelligence was received of the deaths of I>rothers Stephen
G. Marden, at Palermo, and W. H. B. Moore, F. C, at Rumford. August 11
attended the funeral of Bro. A. C. Pray of Tranquil Lodge. Annual meeting
January 3, 1873. Twelve admitted to membership during the year. August
29 attended the funeral of IJro. J. Frank Pierce; December 23 that of Bro.
John Neal. March G, 1874, attended the funeral of Rev. Uriah Balkam, a
member of the lodge, buried with Masonic rites. April 27 a communication
from the Grand Lodge received, ordering the altar and working tools of the
lodge to be draped witli mourning for thirty days, as a token of respect to the
two Past Grand Masters who had died during the year — Freeman Bradford
and Jolni H. Lynde. June 24 assisted in the dedication of the new Masonic
hall in Auburn. June 29 contributed -flOO to the Louisiana sufferers.
August 24 contributed -^25 to Cambridge Lodge to aid in repairing its hall,
damaged by a tornado.

January 18, 1875, annual meeting. R. W. P\ancis T. Faulkner, 1). D. G. M.,
was present in an official capacity. Nine members have been admitted during
the year. The able finance committee-men, who have so long served, are
continued in office, and Bro. Wm J. Burnham continued trustee. June 14
granted permission to have a dispensation granted to Ancient Brothers Lodge
to be formed in Auburn. November 18 the lodge votes its thanks to Bro.
John N. Wood for the valuable Bible he has presented. January 2, 1876, a
special communication was held in connection with Rabboni Lodge for the
purpose of attending the funeral of Bro. (^eo. Hill, of Portland Lodge, No. 1.
Annual meeting January 10. The treasurer reports the amount on hand to be
$1,505.34, and the charity fund to be $1,441. 46. Eight members have been
admitted during the year. March 6 a committee of seven was appointed to visit
and supply watchers for sick brethren. March 20 the lodge was visited by R.
W. F. T. Faulkner, ex-D. D. G. M., and R. W. F. E. Sleeper, I). D. G. M., of
the Fourteenth Masonic District, and officially visited by R. W. F. I. Day,
D. D. G. M. June 5 accepted an invitation from Ancient Brothers Lodge,
U. D., Auburn, to attend the constituting and dedicating of that lodge.
January 29, 1877, annual meeting. Number of members, 174. March 9 Bro.
Geo. C. Leavitt died in Wilton. Lyman O. Goodwin died in Salem, Mass.,
July 30, 1877. January 14 annual meeting. R. W. R. Wesley Dunn,
D. D. G. M., of the Twelfth Masonic District, was a visitant. The death of
Bro. Geo. G. Carlton, at Denver, Col., was reported in February, 1878. Through
the efforts of ladies interested in Masonry, who furnished the most of its cost,
an organ was bought and S. D. Wood made organist. The officers for 1879
were installed publicly, January 20, by R. W. Archie L. Talbot, D. G. M.,
installing officer, assisted by R. W. Wm J. Burnham as Grand Marshal.
June 2 accepted the invitation to attend the Masonic celebration at Portland,

226 History of Androscoggin County.

June 24, which was attended, and a fine time enjoyed. June 30 the thanks of
the lodge is voted to several benefactors. November 23 a connnunication was
received from the (Irand Master of the Grand Lodge announcing the death of
R. W. Bro. Moses Dodge, Grand Treasurer.

January 26, 1880, annual meeting. Nine members joined daring the year.
Installation February 23, 1880, was conducted by R. W. Archie L. Talbot,
D. D. G. M., assisted by Wor. Milton J. Loring, W. M., of Ancient Brothers
Lodge, Auburn, as Grand Marshal. April 26 the funeral of Bro. Elbridge
L. Flagg was attended. 1881 — annual meeting January 10; 172 members
reported. The officers were publicly installed, February 14, by R. W. Charles R.
Whitten, D. 1). G. M., installing officer, assisted by R. W. Archie Lee Talbot,
J. G. W. The ceremonies were succeeded, as has been usual on such occasions,
by a bountiful banquet. February 10 a special communication was called to
attend the funeral of W. Bro. Augustus Callahan, one of the ablest and most
honored members of the lodge, who had done great service in various official
positions on the finance committee, and as trustee of the Masonic Association.
July 20 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. L N. Parker. October 31 a
contribution was sent to the sufferers from the forest fires in Michigan.
January 2, 1882, annual meeting. Membership, 179; admitted during the year,
six; died, two — A. Callahan and Geo. W. Farr. January 5, 1883, attended
the funeral services of Bro. Simon W. Miller. January 22 annual meeting;
186 members reported. The finance committee report the lodge entirely out
of debt with a balance on hand. Public installation of officers February
26, by R. W. A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M., who, April 16, officially visited the
lodge. Wm Skelton and Samuel W. Kilvert, charter members, and John
Jones died this year. 1884 — January 7, annual meeting; 191 members.
March 5 Masonic funeral of Bro. Wm Sheehan. May 23 occurred the last
rites over the body of Bro. H. H. Dickey, P. J. G. W. of the Grand Lodge, a
charter member, conducted by M. W. Josiah H. Drummond, Grand Master of
the Grand Lodge. To his earnest labors much of the prosperity of the lodge
is due. 1885 — annual meeting January 26. The lodge voted to purchase
crayon portraits of Past Masters H. H. Dickey and Augustus Callahan.
Number of members, 201. April 13 R. W. N. U. Hinkley, D. D. G. M.,
made an official visit. Masonic burial services conducted February 7, 1886,
over the remains of Bro. George Washburn. February 18 an official visit
made by R. W. Lyman L. Jones, D. D. G. M. April 4, 1887, R. W. Geo. S.
Woodman, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. Officers installed publicly,
February 15, 1888, by M. W. F. E. Sleeper, Grand Master. August 26 a
special communication was called to bury Bro. Arthur Sands with Masonic
ceremonies. This year the trustees increased the amount of crockery so as
to seat 100 guests. This crockery is made for the lodge, and each piece is
stamped with its name. June 23 the lodge conducted the funeral services of

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 227

Bro. George A. Haynes. 1890 — officers: Albert Ring, W. M. ; Henry A.
Torsey, S. W. ; Frank A. Johnson, J. W.; R. C, Pingree, Treas. ; Fred I.
Morrell, Sec. ; Wm J. Burnham,Chap. ; W. F. Wood, Marshal ; A. M. Edwards,
S. D.; H. A. Free, J. D.; E. P. lirett, S. S.; J. F. Pickermg, J. S.; Wm
Stevens, Tyler. Installed publicly, February 3, by R. W. F. I. Day, P. (i. M.
of the (Irand Lodge. During tlie installation of Bro. Wm J. Burnham the
installing officer presented to him on behalf of the lodge an elegant Past
Master's jewel " as a slight token of their appreciation, and as a memento of
the occasion of his twentieth appointment as chaplain." Granville L. Cobb
was buried with Masonic ceremonies in February. April 20 the lodge conducted
the funeral rites of Bro. G. Henry Jordan, of Lisbon, a member of this lodge.
June 24 the lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland. June 2
George A. Callahan, having been appointed Grand Standard Bearer of the
Grand Lodge, was duly installed by the W. M. Bro. Geo. I. Avery died at
Lisbon in July. October 19 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. Linneus
Cheetham. 1891 — annual meeting January 19; present membership 189;
charity fund $2,191.41; lodge fund 11,647.50. Officers, 1891: Albert Ring,
W. M. ; H. A. Torsey, S. W. ; Frank H. Johnson, J. W.; R. C. Pingree, Treas.;
P>ed I. Morrell, Sec; Wm J. Burnham, Chap.; Wm F. Wood, S. D.; E. P.
Brett, J. D.; J. F. Pickering, S. S.; Geo. W. Belt, J. S.; Wm Stevens, Tyler.

During the thirty years of its existence Ashlar Lodge has admitted 319
members, and ever been in the front rank of Masonic lodges in the state.
Its membership has embraced leading citizens, and its management has been in
wise and conservative hands. Its finances have been carefully looked after,
and, although many generous donations to worthy objects and brethren have
been made, they speak well for the committee having them in charge.
Commencing a new decade of life with nearly 200 members and in prosperous
circumstances, its future promises to be as useful as has been its past. The
masters have been J. P. Gill, H. H. Dickey, W. J. Burnham, I. G. Curtis,
Denison Harden, I. C. Downes, A. E. Frost, W. W. Sanborn, George H.
Benson, F. B. Sands, J. H. Fisher, J. Q. A. Jumper, Fred I. Morrell, Hiram
Morrell, C. H. Jumper, Albert Ring. The trustees of the lodge in the Masonic
Association from the first have been Wm J. Burnham, H. H. Dickey, F. B.
Sands. R. C. Pingree has been treasurer since 1873 when he succeeded H. H.
Dickey.

Rahhoni Lodge., No. 150., F. ^ A. M., had its origin in a petition signed by
F'. Bradford, A. Callahan, J. Pearson Gill, H. H. Dickey, Thomas Tash, F. O.
Sands, S. W. Butterfield, Chas A. Coombs, David Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton,
F. I. Day, Peter Morriscy, T. H. Longley, W. W. Sanborn, Geo. I. Parker,
J. K. Piper, John M. Small, Isaac R. Knowlton, Milan Graves, T. M. Varney,
Chas Millett, James Wrigley, F. P. Weymouth, Geo. H. Benson, A. F.
Sanborn, C. O. Freeman, Chas A. Norcross, J. W. Perkins, John Given, Thos

228 History of Androscoggin County.

B. Norris, E. P. Tobie, Jr, John N. Wood, John W. Farwell, O. S. Brown,
H. H. Williams, Geo. O. Durgin, Kicliard Skelton, and A. N. Tracy, which
Ashlar Lodge gave the petitioners leave to present to the Grand Master,
December 28, 1868. The petitioners asked for a dispensation to allow them
to meet as a Masonic lodge at Lewiston, on the Wednesday succeeding
the full moon of eacli month, under the name of Rahhoni Lodne, and
recommended Bro. David Cowan for the first Master, Bro. A. K, P. Knowlton
for S. W., and Bro. Fessenden I. Day for J. W. The D. D. G. M. recom-
mended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, and the G. M. granted
a dispensation, dating from December 28, 1868. Charter Members. — David
Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton, Fessenden I. Day, Thomas Tash, C. A.
Coombs, T. M. Varney, George I. Parker, F. P. Weymouth, T. H.
Longley, J. K. Piper, Chas O. Freeman, Isaac K. Knowlton, Frank O. Sands,
Alonzo F. Sanborn, James Wrigley, Chas H Millett, Geo. O. Durgin, Thos B.
Norris, John W. Farwell, Peter Morriscy, Richard Skelton, Chas A. Norcross,
Milan Graves, H. H. Richardson, Daniel P. Atwood, M. T. Ludden, John
Given. The first stated meeting was held December 30, 1868. The full list of
officers is: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton, S. W. ; Fessenden I.
Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, Treas.; C.A. Coombs, Sec; T. M. Varney, S. D. ;
George I. Parker, J. D. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. S. ; T. H. Longley, J. S. ; Augus-
tus Callahan, Chap. ; D. Harding, Tyler. The preliminary meetings were held
in what are now the editorial rooms of the Lewiston Journal. Arrangements
were soon made with Ashlar Lodge, and meetings held in the hall in the upper
story of 27 Lisbon street. September 22, 1869, the lodge sent a contribution
to the building fund of the Masonic Temple in Washington, D. C, and
appointed a committee to arrange for the use of the new Masonic Hall, which
they occupied January 1, 1870. February 9, 1870, a special communication
was held to consecrate and constitute Rabboni Lodge, No. 150, and install its
officers for the term. They were: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton,
S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, T.; C. A. Coombs, S.; M. T.
Ludden, Chap. April 20, 1870, the lodge accepted the act of incorporation of
the Masonic Board of Trustees, and became parties to the contract. Septem-
ber 28 occurred the installation of officers : A. K. P. Knowlton, W. M. ; F. I.
Day, S. W.; T. M. Varney, J. W.; D. Cowan, Chap. ; C. A. Coombs, Sec.
January 11, 1871, Charles O. Freeman was buried at Minot Corner with Masonic
rites. April 12, 1871, E. H. C'ummings was chosen proxy for the lodge at the
Grand Lodge. September 11, 1871, these officers were elected: A. K. P.
Knowlton, W. M.; F. I. Day, S. W. ; G. I. Parker, J. W. ; Thomas Tash, T.;
H. N. Emery, Sec; F. O. Sands, C. A. Coombs, Ai Brooks, Jr, Finance Com-
mittee. October 31 a funeral was conducted, that of J. K. Piper. January 10,
1872, Albert N. Tracy was buried, and F. O. Sands (a charter member, agent
Lewiston Mills,) July 3, 1872. Annual election September 18, 1872. The

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 229

new officers were : F. I. Da}^ W. M. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. W.; T. H. Longley,
J. W. ; Thomas Tash, Treas. (superintendent of Lewiston schools); H. N.
Emery, Sec. The officers elected September 10, 1873, were the same except
H. E. Morriscy, chosen J. W. June 24 the lodge joined in the dedication
services of the new Masonic Hall in Auburn. Officers for 1874-5: H. E.
Morriscy, W. M. ; E. V. Daly, S. W. ; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; Cyrus Greely,
Treas.; H. N.Emery, Sec; John Garner, Chaplain; Wm D. Pennell, Marshal;
Fred Kelly, S. D.; Horace C. Little, J. D. Alba C. Nichols died at Lancaster,
N. H., in November. September 15, 1875, were elected: George G. Hartwell,
W. M.; E. V. Daly, S. W.; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N.
Emery, Sec; Fessenden I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, L. E. Timberlake, Finance
Committee; A. K. P. Knowlton, representative to the Grand Lodge. Septem-
ber 6, 187(3, George G. Hartwell was chosen W. M. ; O. G. Douglass, S. W. ;
Fred Kelly, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N. Emery, Sec. The finance com-
mittee was continued. June 26, 1877, the funeral of I>ro. John Thompson was
attended. September 26, 1877, were elected: Oscar G. Douglass, W. M.; Fred
Kelly, S. W.; F. W. Parker, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; L. E. Timberlake, Sec
The first public installation and banquet of the lodge occurred October 18,
1877. December 26 the death of C. F. Ranks was reported.

The officers elected in September, 1878, were: O. G. Douglass, W. M. ; Fred
Kelly, S. W. ; F. W. Parker, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec ;
F. I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, George G. Hartwell, Finance Committee.
Installation November 13. June 21 assisted in laying the corner-stone of
Trinity (Episcopal) Chapel, also voted to attend St John's Day celebration,
at Portland, in full Masonic dress. Officers elected in 1879 and 1880 were :
Fred Kelly, W. M. ; Frank W. Parker, S. W. ; Albert S. Plummer, J. W. ;
C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec. H. H. Richardson, of Livermore, a
charter member, and ex-city marshal of Lewiston, died in October, 1879.
Nathan Woodbury was chaplain, and held the position, from 1880, for many
years. In 1881 and 1882 the officers were: Frank W. Parker, W. M. ;
A. S. Plummer, S. W. ; Frank L. Hoyt, J. W. ; V. Greely, Treas. ; Eugene
E. Ham, Secretary. October 11, 1881, attended the funeral services of
Rrother George A. Chandler. September 23 was buried M. T. Ludden, a
charter member, a prominent lawyer, and ex-mayor of Lewiston. September
19, 1883, were elected: Albert S. Plummer, W. M. ; F. L. Hoyt, S. W. ; C.
V. Emerson, J. W. ; C. (Treely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec September 10, 1884,
the same officers elected. November 2 attended the funeral of T. J. Ridley,
of King David Lodge, Taunton, Mass. April 19, 1885, attended funeral of
Wm F. Goulding ; July 25, 1885, that of Alonzo F. Sanborn. Officers elected
in 1885 and in 1886 were: F. L. Hoyt, W. M.; C. V. Emerson, S. W. ; E. K.
Smith, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; E. E. Ham, Sec; and November 3, 1885,
occurred the second public installation of officers. December 30, 1886, a large

230 History of Androscoggin County.

number of members and visitors witnessed the conferring of the degrees
upon Daniel H. Day by his father, M. W. Fessenden I. Day, Grand Master
of the Grand Lodge of Maine, assisted by other officers of the Grand
Lodge. April 10, 1887, David Cowan (a charter member, past master, a
mayor of Lewiston) was buried with the honors of Masonry, M. W. Fes-
senden I. Day, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, conducting the services.
The officers elected in 1887 were: C. V. Emerson, W. M. ; E. K. Smith, S. W.;
D. B. Stevens, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec. The next year no
change occurred except G. F. Turner was chosen secretary. The third public
installation occurred October 25, 1887. S. C. Wyman and Daniel Allen died
in 1888. September 26 a contribution was made to the suffering brethren in
Florida. Officers elected in 1889 and in 1890: E. K. Smith, W. M.; D. B.
Stevens, S. W.; W. H. Judkins, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; George F. Turner,
Sec; N. Woodbury, Chap. The lodge visited Portland June 24, 1890.

This lodge, though young in years, lias a good record, and has many promi-
nent citizens on its rolls. It has now (April 15, 1891,) a membership of 165,
is prosperous, and owns its portion of Masonic Hall, which is paid for. During
the last Masonic year it has admitted thirteen members, and conferred the
third degree on 11 candidates. Kegular meetings are held Wednesday evening
after the full moon.

Kinfi Hiram Chapter, No. 9, R. A. M., Lewiston.'^ — In pursuance of a
petition presented to Timothy Chase, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal
Arch Chapter of Maine, signed by Comps. Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby,
William White, Levi Bates, Albert H. Kelsey, George Moore, Samuel Soule,
J. W. Littlefield, Samuel B. Hutchins, and Joseph Covell, a dispensation was
granted November 28, 1854, instituting King Hiram Chapter. Alonzo Andrews
Avas appointed Most Excellent High Priest; Thurston Libby, King; and
William White, Scribe. At this time but eight chapters held charters in
Maine, and but two had been constituted since 1829. These were at Portland,
Brunswick, Wiscasset, Gardiner, Saco, Bangor, Belfast, and Rockland. The
territorial limits of King Hiram Chapter extended north to Canada, west and
south half way to Brunswick and Portland, and east to the jurisdiction of
Gardiner.

The first meeting of the new chapter was held December 15, 1854, at the
house of Comp. Thurston Libby, in Lewiston, for organization. Comps.
Andrews, Libby, White, Bates, Kelsey, Hutchins, and Covell were present, and
the organization was perfected with these officers: M. E. Alonzo Andrews, H.
P.; Thurston Libby, E. K. ; Wm White, E. S. ; A. H. Kelsey, Treas.; George
Moore, C. H.; Levi Bates, P. S. ; S. B. Hutchins, R. A. C; Joseph Covell,
M. 3d v.; Samuel Soule, M. 2d V.; J. W. Litchfield, M. 1st V. The chapter
met December 22 at the office of the Bates corporation, where petitions for

1 Chiefly condensed from the history written by George A. Callahan, P. H. P.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 231

membership were received from Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, George
Webb, Robert H. Hose, Jos. P. Gill, and John G. Cook, who were elected.
The chapter was incorporated by the legislature March 1, 1855. January 19,
1855, the first meeting was held in the hall of the DeWitt House, which was
occupied until the one in Journal Block was leased in 1862. At this meeting
the first work was done, Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Geo. Webb,
Robert H. Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook being advanced to the
degree of M. M. M. January 2(3 the P. M. degree was conferred, Bros. Reuel
Washburn, Uriah Balkam, and Augustus Callahan being present as visitors.
February 2 the M. M., P. M., and M. E. M, degrees were conferred, the first
time the latter one was worked. February 16 the R. A. degree was first con-
ferred, the candidates being Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H.
Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook.

The chapter asked for a charter, and June 15 the chapter was duly con-
stituted by the Most Excellent Puissant General Grand High Priest of the
General Grand Chapter of the United States, Robert P. Dunlap, under the
charter granted May 3. At this meeting the following were elected members :
Thomas C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H. Rose, Joseph P. Gill, George
Webb, Geo. L. Drinkwater, Thomas F. Lamb, Robert Blacker, Samuel H.
Wilson, Thomas A. D. Fessenden, Jacob Herrick, Wm Skelton, Geo. W. Chase,
John G. Cook. These officers were elected: Alonzo Andrews, H. P.; Thurston
Libby, K.; Joseph Co veil, S.; Joseph P. Gill, C. H. ; Augustus Callahan, P. S.;
Thomas C. Upton, R. A. C; S. H. Wilson, M. 3d V.; Robert H. Rose, M. 2d
v.; John G. Cook, M. 1st V.; A. H. Kelsey, Treas. ; Geo. L. Drinkwater, Sec;
Robert Blacker, Chap.; T. A. D. Fessenden, S. S.; Thomas F. Lamb, J. S.;
Geo. Webb, Tyler.

June 6, 1856, the annual convocation was held. The chapter had now
exalted 18 companions. During the second year four companions were exalted.
At the annual session of the Grand Chapter, May 5, 1857, M. E. Alonzo
Andrews was elected Deputy Grand High Priest, Comp. J. P. Gill Grand
Captain of the Host, and Comp. Joseph Covell Grand Master of the 3d Vail.
Li 1857 two valuable companions removed from Lewiston, Comp. Andrews,
P. H. P., and C. C. Niebuhr, Sec. At the Grand Chapter in May, 1858, Comp.
Joseph Covell was appointed Grand Master of the 3d V^ail, and Comp. J. P.
Gill Grand Captain of the Host. March 18, 1859, the death of Comp. Wm
White was announced, and the committee appointed to draft resolutions were
also directed to prepare resolutions on the death of Comp. Alonzo Andrews, to
whom was preeminently due the erection of King Hiram Chapter. January 6,
1860, a preamble and resolutions in memory of the late M. E. Robert P. Dunlap
was received from Mount Vernon R. A. Chapter of Portland, and appropriate
action was taken. The chapter was represented at the Grand Chapter by
A. Callahan, J. G. Cook, and I. E. Libby. Comp. Covell was made a member

232 History of Androscoggin County.

of the finance committee, chairman of committee on grievances and appeals,
and Grand Master of the 3d Vail. Comp. A. Callahan was appointed on the
committee on warrants and dispensations.

October 26, 1860, it was voted to grant the use of the chapter rooms to
Ashlar Lodge for six months, free of charge. February 22, 1861, the death of
Isaac H. Weston was announced. At the Grand Chapter Comps. Gill, Libby,
and Joseph Covell were present. June 24, 1862, the chapter participated in
the Masonic Centennial celebration at Portland. July 22 a dispensation was
granted to confer the degrees upon Colonel N. J. Jackson in less time than
required by law. October 31 it voted to rent the hall in Journal Block in
connection with Ashlar Lodge. January 30, 1863, a committee was appointed
to revise the by-laws. May 29 the death of Comp. Alvarez V. Teague was
announced. Comps. Gill and Thurston Libby represented the chapter in the
Grand Chapter, and Comp. Covell was Grand Master of the 3d Vail and mem-
ber of the finance committee. October 23, 1863, it was voted to grant the free
use of the hall to Dunlap Council, R. & S. M. December 18 voted to purchase
the organ with Ashlar Lodge. January 22, 1864, A. J. Fuller, D. G. H. P.,
officially visited the chapter and reported :

This chapter is in fine condition and tlie work was well done ; it is well fitted
with regalia, the officers appeared perfectly familiar with their several duties, and the
revised work is strictly adhered to. This chapter is doing a fine work and making
valuable acquisitions to its members. From the known ability of its officers its success
is sure.

March 18, 1864, the fees were raised from 't26 to 135. In the Grand Chap-
ter, Comps. J. P. Gill and H. H. Dickey represented the chapter, while Comp.
Covell was one of the grand officers. This year was one of great prosperity;
14 members were admitted and 18 companions exalted. The finances were
placed on a solid basis, which has continued to the present. The total mem-
bership is 48. June 24, 1864, 26 membei-s represented the chapter at the
Masonic celebration at Livermore Falls. January 13, 1865, voted to pay -^15
towards a new altar. At the Grand Chapter convocation Comp. J. P. Gill was
Grand R. A. Captain, Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. Covell
elected member of finance committee. The Grand Hiffh Priest said in his
address: "April 5 I officially visited King Hiram IL A. Chapter, Lewiston. It
is in fine condition and the work was well done." This year 26 members were
admitted. June 9, 1865, action was taken toward the establishment of a board
of trustees or directors for the general business management of all the Masonic
bodies in the city. The chapter was represented in the Grand Chapter by
Comp. Aug. Callahan, H. P., appointed (irand Master of the 3d Vail p-o tern,
Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. J. P. Gill, Grand Captain of
the Host. This year 13 brothers received the M. M. degree, 11 passed the

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 233

chair, 14 received and acknowledged M. E. M., and 14 exalted, 15 signed the
by-laws, two were dimitted, and 1 deceased.^

July 6, 186G, the chapter donated $100 for the best interest of the Royal
Arch Masons in Portland, sufferers of the late fire. At the session of the
Grand Chapter, May, 1867, King Hiram Chapter had M. E. Wm J. Burnham,
H. P.; H. H. Dickey, K.; A. L. Dresser, proxy for Scribe; Coinp. J. P. Gill
was chosen Grand Scribe ; Comp. Burnham appointed Grand Chaplain, and
Comp. Dickey appointed on Committee on Credentials. The number of
members is now 90, 11 being received this year, three dimitted, and two
deceased. Petitions being received from Bethel and South Paris, asking
recommendations for the creation of R. A. charters at these places, in
December, 1867, it was voted to recommend the granting of a dispensation to
the petitioners from Bethel. At the yearly session of the Grand Chapter, Wm
J. Burnham, T. M. Varney, D. Harden, and Jos. P. Gill, Grand Scribe, repre-
sented King Hiram Chapter. J. P. Gill was elected D. G. H. P., and T. M.
Varney appointed Grand Steward. The membership is now 102.

Comp. Albert H, Small died July 28, 1868, "a valued and respected
officer," and September 28 died Comp. T. A. D. Fessenden, one of the
prominent members and a Mason of much influence. At the annual convoca-
tion of the Grand Chapter were present: R. E. Joseph P. Gill, D. G. H. P. ;
M.E.Theodore M. Varney, Grand Steward; Dennison Harden, King; and
H. H. Dickey, proxy for Scribe. J. P. Gill was elected Grand High Priest.
October 8, 1869, it was decided to place the funds of the chapter in the hands
of the Board of Masonic Trustees. January 14, 1872, it was voted to
purchase a photograph album and to request each member to furnish his
photograph. M. E. J. P. Gill, G. H. P., presided over the Grand Chapter at
the annual convocation, where Carlos Nudd represented this chapter. The
G. H. P. reports: " King Hiram Chapter adds to its former reputation. Much
to the credit of the presiding and all its officers, it can be said that it is in
better working condition than ever before." The number of members is 117.
During the year 24 petitions for degrees have been received, and one for
membership, live petitions for degrees were rejected, 18 were advanced to the
degree of M. M., 15 passed the chair, 16 were received as M. E. M., 15 ^Vere
exalted, two died, and two were dimitted.

November 11, 1870, the chapter granted consent to the formation of
Androscoggin Chapter at Canton. February 10, 1871, M. E. Stephen J.
Young, G. H. P., visited the chapter officially and witnessed work in the R. A.
degree. April 11 the deaths of C'omps. Edw. Bisbee and Edw. G. Hawkes
were announced. Clothing and paraphernalia of consideral)le expense were

iComp. Joseph Covell died at Prince Edward Island, March 7, 1S6G, while American consul. He
was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter at Augusta, about 1850. His zeal as a Royal Arch Mason was
unwearied; and, though residing for several years fifty miles from his chapter, he seldom neglected to
attend its regular meetings. He was elected High Priest of King Hiram Chapter in 1858.

234 History of Androscoggin County.

provided this year, enabling the degrees to be presented in a manner much
superior to previous efforts. The chapter sent to the annual convocation of
the Grand Chapter: Carlos Nudd, H. P.; C. A. Coombs, K.; and F. T. Faulkner,
S. M. E. Carlos Nudd was appointed G. M. 1st V. The number of members
is now 132. Comp. T. B. Rowell removed from Maine early in 1871, and
Comp. David Cowan performed the duties of the G. of H. for the year.
This year Comp. Thurston Libby, P. H. P., a charter member, died. Number
of members, 134. In the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter this
chapter had as members Comps. Isaac G. Curtis and Francis T. Faulkner.
R. E. D. G. H. P. J. W. Ballou in his report says:

I visited King Hiram Chapter aud witnessed the conferring of the Royal Arch degree
in a very intelligent and creditable manner by the scribe, acting as high priest. By a
combination of circumstances entirely unusual, the high priest had been called away to
another state, and the king to a distant part of our own state, leaving the onerous work
pertaining to the work and general management of the chapter to the scribe, Comp.
Francis T. Faulkner. And while the companions of King Hiram Chapter cannot but
deplore the loss of two such valuable officers as the high priest and king, still they may as
well congratulate themselves upon their sagacity and good fortune in electing an officer so
eminently fit for the important duties required of him as the present acting high priest.

September 13, 1872, the chapter recommended the organization of Union
Chapter at Mechanic Falls. The Grand King, R. E. Henry L, Paine, officially
visited the chapter March 14, 1873. He reports witnessing " work in the R.
A. degree, excellently well performed." At the annual convocation of the
Grand Chapter M. E. F. T. Faulkner was appointed Grand Steward. Number of
members, 144. June 13, 1873, thanks were voted to the retiring H. P. Comp.
F. T. Faulkner " for the marked interest he has taken in the chapter, and the
highly creditable manner in which he has performed the work and duties of the
chair." Although residing 12 miles from Lewiston he was present at every
convocation except one. December 12 the chapter was officially visited by
Horace H. Burbank, G. IT. P. Work was done in the R. A. degree. Seventy-
one companions were present, representing 12 chapters. In 1874 permission
was asked for a chapter at Auburn, which was granted with a recommendation
in favor thereof to the Grand Chapter. At the annual convocation of Grand
Chapter Comp. G. A. Callahan was appointed G. M. of 1st V. pro frrn. Comp.
F. T. Faulkner, (r. S., was present. This chapter was represented also by S.
Stone and F. E. Sleeper. June 12, 1874, there were 140 members in the
chapter. January 8, 1875, the chapter was visited officially by M. E. Horace
H. Burbank, G. H. P., who reported: "In the presence of 95 members and
visitors the officers of King Hiram Chapter exhibited excellent Royal Arch
degree work. ... I am confident that no superior work can be presented in
our jurisdiction." This year the chapter was represented by Comps. Geo. A.
Callahan, H. P. ; A. W. Larrabee, proxy for K. ; F. E. Sleeper, S. Comp. F.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 235

T. Faulkner was elected Grand Scribe, G. A. Callahan appointed Grand
Steward, and Comps. R. E. Paine, E. P. Burnham, and G. A. Callahan were
appointed on the standing committee on history.

Twenty years' work under the charter expired with the annual convocation,
June 11, 1875. Uninterrupted prosperity has marked the whole period.
There are now 140 members, a noble hall, well fitted up, a good financial
condition, and a harmony and interest in the work unexcelled by any chapter
in the state. November 12 the revision and printing of the by-laws was
ordered. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., and A. K. P. Knowlton, H. P.,
attended the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter. Frank E. Sleeper,
K., was representative in 187(3 to the Grand Chapter and was made Grand
Steward. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., was in attendance and chosen Grand
King. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee attended the Grand Chapter
in 1877, where Comp. Sleeper was reappointed G. S. During the year two
brothers received the M., P., and M. E. M. degrees, three were exalted, one
was dimitted, and one died; 139 members. A. Callahan, Wm J. Burnham,
Wm D. Pennell, John Given, Geo. A Callahan were appointed a committee
on history in 1878. At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter there
were present Comps. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee. Comp. Sleeper was
elected Grand Scribe. During the year two candidates received all the
degrees and two were dimitted ; 140 members. The chapter was represented
in the Grand Chapter, in 1879, by Comps. H. H. Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L.
E. Timberlake. Comp. Sleeper was re-elected G. S.

The first quarter of a century of the chapter under charter expired June
11, 1880, when 143 were in active membership. During the past year three
candidates received the degrees, one member died, and one was dimitted. At
the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter were present Comps. H. H.
Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L. E. Timberlake, and F. E. Sleeper. The annual con-
vocation was held June 10, 1881. No work wa^ done during the past year;
two petitions were received for degrees and one for membership; three were
dimitted, and one, Augustus Callahan,' died; members, 141. The expense of

iM. E. Augustus Callahan, P. H. P., died February 16, 1881. He was born in Andover, Mass.,
April 12, 1815, and resided there until 1847, when he removed to Lewiston. His business was woolen
manufacturing, and he was accounted skillful. .January 19, 1848, he became a Mason in Tranquil
Lodge. He was elected Worshipful Master in December, 184'.>, He occupied the East until January
21, 1852, to the entire satisfaction of the lodge. January 11, 1854, he was again elected and occupied
the East from that time until 1858. He was not a charter member of Ashlar Lodge, being away when
it was constitiited, but became a member October 6, 1862. He was one of the first candidates in King
Hiram Chapter, his petition being received at the first meeting. He was elected High Priest in 1859,
18G0, and 1865. During a short residence in Vassalboro he dimitted, and was elected High Priest of
Dunlap Chapter, at China, but again became a member of King Hiram Chapter on his return. He
was an officer of the chapter from the first election until his death (with the exception of the time
when dimitted), being chaplain and chairman of the finance committee at the time of decease. He
was among the first members of Dunlap Council, and was Thrice Illustrious Master. He was one of
the early members of Lewiston Commandery, Eminent Commander of that body in 1871, and later,

236 History of Androscoggin County.

the chapter in furnishing the Masonic hall, was #700. The chapter was repre-
sented in the Grand Chapter by A. W. Larrabee, L. E. Timberlake, E. E.
Pomeroy, and R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P. Annual convocation, June
8, 1882. Seventeen candidates received the degrees in the past year and one
was dimitted, making now 158 members. The Grand Chapter this year made
Comp. H. E. Morriscy Grand Steward and re-elected F. E. Sleeper Grand High
Priest.

The year opened June 8, 1883, with 162 members. During the year M. E. F. E.
Sleeper officiated as Grand High Priest with great satisfaction to the fraternity.
He accomplished the revision of the ritual and its excellence must be largely
attributed to him and his able assistant, Comp. A. W. Larrabee. M. E. F. E.
Sleeper, G. H. P., presided at the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter in
1884, and was re-elected ; Comp. A. W. Larrabee was G. C. of H.; C-omp. D. B.
Stevens was G. M. of 3d Vail ; Comp. Larrabee was appointed Grand Lecturer,
and Comp. Callahan Grand Steward. This year died Comp. H. H. Dickey,
P. H. P.,'^ a most valued member and earnest and faithful worker, whose life
and character gave emphasis to Masonic principles, and March 13, 1885, the
chapter voted to act in conjunction with Ashlar Lodge in procuring crayon
portraits of Comp. Augustus Callahan and Comp. H. H. Dickey, Past High
Priests, for Masonic Hall. February 17, 1887, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D.
G. H. 1^., made an official visit. This year died Comps. Samuel E. May, David
Cowan, Charles D. Starbird. Deaths in 1888 : March 27, Daniel Allen ;
August 5, Arthur Sands; September 3, Jacob B. Ham. Frank E. Severance
also died, date not given. June 13, 1890, officers chosen : G. W. Furbush,
H. P.; E. K. Smith, K.; W. F. Wood, S.; Wm J. Burnham, Treas.; John F.
Putnam, Sec; A. M. Edwards, C. of H.; H. B. Warner, P. S.; Samuel Hib-

Prelate. He received the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine, May 5, 1875, was a charter member
of Eusebius Conclave, and was its presiding officer at his decease. He was a charter member of Lew-
iston Lodge of Perfection, holding the highest office in 1879 and 1880. He was a member of the
Cliapter of Rose Croix, Princes of Jerusalem, and Maine Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S. o2°. He
was I). D. CJ. M. in IS-W, held varioiis offices and appointments in the Grand Bodies, but always declined
high honors. As a ritualist he probably had no sup«!rior. His knowledge was comprehensive and
exact, and his attainments in Masonic jurisprudence and history were profound and accurate. He
was imbued with the whole spirit of Masonry, and his words and actions were governed by that
benign intluence. He was a firm believer in the Christian religion, and a constant attendant upon
divine service. Ife was buried with Masonic honors by Ashlar Lodge.

2 Mr Dickey was born in Amherst, N. H., May 14, 181(1. He came to Lewiston in 1854, and com-
menced business as a top-roll coverer in the basement of the Hill Mill. He afterward occupied a part
of the red shop on Cross Canal, and then a fioor in Cowan's Mill. In ISOit he erected the shop on the
river bank which has since l>een occupied by himself and sou William. He was school agent in the
village district, while Lewiston was a town ; and in 1874 was mayor. He gave dignity to the office and
an acceptable administration. He was a member of the Council of the Scottish rite of the 3."° of
Masonry, and the only Mason in this vicinity who at that time had attained that distinction. Mr
Dickey had been Master of Ashlar I>odge, High Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Master of Dunlap
Council, Eminent Commander of Lewiston Commandery of Knights Templar, Junior Grand Warden
and Grand Commander of the (Jrand Lodge of Maine, and Grand Commander of the Grand Com-
mandery of Maine Knights Templar. He died in May, 1884.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 237

bert, R. A. C; H. G. Ripley, M. 3d V.; W. H. Judkins, M. 2d V.; E. F.

Scruton, M. 1st V. This year died Nathan W. Dutton, Sullivan C. Andrews,
G. Henry Jackson. The number of members April 1, 1891, was 173. The
High Priests from organization have been Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby,
Joseph Covell, Augustus Callahan, J. P. Gill, Augustus Callahan, Wm J.
Burnham, T. M. Varney, Carlos Nudd, Francis T. Faulkner, Geo. A. Callahan,
A. K. P. Knowlton, Frank E. Sleejjer, Henry H. Dickey, H. E. Morriscy, Charles
H. Jumper, A.S. Plummer, I). I>. Stevens, F. L. Hoyt, Albert Ring, Frank H.
Johnson, H. A. Torsey, (j. W. Furbush.

Diinlap Council, Wo. <S, Jlo//al <in(l Select Mnsfers, Lewiston, was instituted
October 19, 1863, at Lewiston, Me, by M. I. Timothy J. Murray, Grand
Puissant of the Grand Council of R. and S. Masons of the State of Maine,
with the following charter members: Joseph Covell, William Atwood, (iordon
R. Gardew, Augustus Callahan, 11. H. Dickey, Joseph P. Gill, Aurin L. Dresser,
John G. Cook, Dorville J^ibby. The officers appointed at the first organization
of the Council were: Augustus Callahan, T. 1. Master; H. H. Dickey, R. I.
Master; and John G. Cook, I. Master. At the meeting on above mentioned
date the degrees were conferred upon three candidates, viz.: Comps. Levi
Bates, Oliver 11. Maxwell, and David Cowan.

The membership of the Council now (March 16, 1891,) numbers 238.
Present officers: Algernon M. ivoak, T. I. Master; Geo. A. Callahan, Dept.
Master; Lionel O. Brackett, P. C-. of Work; Joseph II. Stetson, Treas.; John

F. Putnam, Recorder; Henry A. Torsey, C. of Guard; Frank H. Johnson, C.
of Council; Samuel Hibbert, Steward; Charles H. Jumper, Sentinel. The
following are the living Past Thrice Illustrious Masters: Theodore M. Varney,
Timothy B. Rowell, Warren E. Pressey, M. E. D. Bailey, Chas H. Jumper,
Frank E. Sleeper, Chas E. Libby, Wm J. Burrdiam, Albert W. Larrabee,
Archie L. Talbot, Albert M. Penley, Albert S. Plummer, Frank L. Hoyt.

Lewiston Commandery, No. 6\ KniyJits Templar was opened under a dispen-
sation by Grand Commander Timothy J. Murray, granted December 17, 1864, to
Freeman Bradford, H. H. Dickey, S. D. Wakefield, Aurin L. Dresser, John

G. Cook, T. M. Varney, Jos. Pearson Gill, A. B. Jones, F. I. Day, Geo. W.
Garcelon, Wm J. Burnham, Jos. Covell, M. E. D. Bailey, David Cowan.
Sir Henry H. Dickey was appointed Eminent Commander, Sir Joseph P. Gill,
Generallissimo, and Sir David Cowan, Captain-General. January 12, 1865,
Sir Knight Freeman Bradford was appointed Prelate and Seth D. Wakefield,
Recorder. January 19 these appointments were made: Theodore M. Varney,
S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Wm J. Burnham, Treas.; Augustus B.
Jones, Sw. B.; Aurin L. Dresser, St. B.; M. E. D. Bailey, W. ; Robert M.
Sykes, C. of G. The commandery was first officially visited by R. E. Timothy
J. Murray, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, April 27.
The first election of officers occurred November 30, when were chosen: H. H.

238 History of Androscoggin County.

Dickey, E. C; Wm J. Burnhain, Gen.; Augustus (Callahan, C. G.; Freeman
Bradford, Prelate ; David Cowan, Treas.; Seth D. Wakefield, Recorder; T. M.
Variiey, S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W. At this conclave Lev^iston Com-
niandery was constituted by Sir Moses Dodge, D. G. Commander of the Grand
Commandery of Maine, assisted by Sir Knight Chas F. King as Grand Marshal,
after which the officers were installed. Sir Knight I. H. Maxwell was
appohited St. B. December 28, and Sir Knights A. Callahan and Jos. P. Gill
appointed Trustees. July 4, 1860, a special conclave was held, which was
visited by a large delegation of Maine Commandery. March 2(3, 18(58, there
were 37 members. September 30, 1868, attended the funeral of Sir Knight
Thomas A. D. Fessenden. August 24, 1869, the commandery attended the
yearly parade and encampment at Cushing's Island. April 7, 1870, the
commandery was officially visited by R. E. C. H. McClellan, Grand Commander,
and H. H. Dickey, (xrand Generallissimo, who installed the officers elect.
September 27 the commandery went to Lisbon Falls to aid in constituting
Ancient York Lodge. Edw. Bisbee died March 20, 1871. August 7 attended
the funeral of P. G. C. Abner Thompson at Brunswick and assisted in escort
duty. In the year ending March 26, 1874, 17 members were admitted, making
the membership 96. May 28, 1874, accepted an invitation from Tranquil
Iwodge of Auburn to perform escort duty at the dedication of its new hall
June 24. March 23, 1876, 113 members were reported. February 22, 1877,
R. E. Seth C. Gordon, Grand Commander, officially visited the commandery
and complimented it highly, and stated that he had never visited a command-
ery before where the 17 officers were all present and in their places.
April 26 the retiring commander. Sir Francis T. Faulkner, was presented with
an elegant gold Past Eminent Commander's jewel. April 18 an official visit
was made by R. E. John Bird, Grand C. G. G. Commander of Maine, who
said that the manner in which the work was done gave him great pleasure,
and that it had been done as nearly correct as by any commandery he had
visited. Forty-eight Knights marched out of Masonic Hall Memorial Day,

1878, in a pouring rain to do escort duty for the Grand Army. July 4 the
commandery did escort duty for the Lewiston City Government. April 10,

1879, R. E. J. H. Drummond made an official visit, and spoke words of praise
find encouragement. May 22 accepted an invitation from Belfast Freemasons
to assist in the dedication of their new hall July 4. One hundred and thirty-
one members reported March 25, 1880. September 26, 1880, attended the
memorial services of President Garfield, at City Hall. R. E. Edward P.
Burnham, Grand Commander of Maine, and a large delegation from Dunlap
Commandery, visited the commandery December 8, 1881.

October 26, 1882, a petition was received from Knights Templar residing
in Auburn and vicinity, asking permission to form a commandery at Auburn,
which was not favored. April 5, 1883, commandery was officially visited by

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 239

R. E. Charles B. Morton, Grand Captain General of the Grand Commandery.
June 7 was a gala day. A special conclave was held, and R. E. Sir Isaac S.
Bangs, of Waterville, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine,
was present as a guest and installed the officers-elect in a public instaUation.
The ceremonies were interspersed with vocal and instrumental music of a high
order, and readings by Mrs J. 'i\ Waterhouse, of Boston. Afterwards a
banquet was served, followed by one of the most elegant society entertainments
ever given in the state. March 20, 18<S4, V. E. John O. Shaw, D. G. Com-
mander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, made an official visit. He was
accompanied by large delegations from Maine Commandery No. 1, of Gardiner,
Portland Commandery No. 2, Portland, Bradford Commandery No. 4, Bidde-
ford, Dunlap Commandery No. 5, Bath, Trinity Commandery No. 7, Augusta,
St Alban Commandery No. 8, of Portland, Claremont Commander}^ No. 9,
Rockland, and St Omer Commandery No. 12, Waterville. There were 64
visitors present. April 15, 36 Knights visited Dunlap Commandery No. 5,
Bath. June 2 an order was issued by the Grand Commander ordering, as a
tribute of respect to the memory of R. E. Sir Henry H. Dickey, P. G. C. of the
Grand Commandery, that the asylum of each subordinate commandery in this
grand jurisdiction be draped in mourning for 60 days. June 23 and 24 a
pilgrimage was made to Lake Winnipesaukee and Dover, N. H. Number of
members reported March 26, 1885, was 175. May 28 Past Commander Wm
J. Burnham was installed into the office of Grand Senior Warden of the
Grand Commandery of Maine, by E. C. Frank E. Sleeper. July 7 a special
conclave was held to extend a complimentary escort and banquet to St
Alban Commandery No. 8, of Portland. November 26 an invitation was
received from the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United
States for this commandery to assist in escorting the Grand Encampment at its
Twenty-third Triennial Conclave at St Louis in September. Caleb Blake and
Alonzo F. Sanborn have died this year.

January 7, 1886, E. G. C. G. Joseph Y. Hodsdon made an official visit,
escorted by Portland, Dunlap, and St Alban commanderies. During this
conclave E. S. Albro E. Chase, on behalf of the Knights of St Alban
Commandery, presented Lewiston Commandery with an elegantly engraved
memorial as a token of appreciation of Knightly courtesies extended them
and their ladies on July 7. April 10, 1887, attended the obsequies of the late
Prelate David Cowan, who died April 6. Among the visitors. May 19, were
E. I. Garfield, P. G. Commander of Michigan and Past Commander of Detroit.
February 2, 1888, number of members reported, 106. April 5 R. E. Wm J.
Burnham, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, returned
thanks, in behalf of himself and suite, for the recent reception tendered them
by this commandery at City Hall. June 22 entertained St Johns Commandery
of Bangor, and escorted them to Poland Springs. Sir Knights Arthur Sands

240 History of Androscoggin County.

and Rodney F. Foss died in 1888. January 17, 1889, official visit, as
inspecting officer, of V. E. Sir Edwin M. Fuller, D. G. C. of the Grand
Commandery. He was accompanied by his suite and distinguished Knights
from various commanderies. Sir Knight Daniel M. Teague died December 9.
January 28, 1890, R. E. Joseph A. Locke, G. C. of the Grand Commandery,
accompanied by liis suite and prominent Knights of Dunlap, Portland, and
St Alban commanderies, made an official visit of inspection. Two hundred
and thirteen members were reported February H. February 27 Past E. C.
Alo"ernon M. Roak was presented with a Past Commander's jewel as a token
of appreciation of his services. September 4 procured a testimonial to be
presented to De Molay Commandery. January 15, 1891, inspecting officer,
I\. E. Sir Edwin M. Fuller, G. C, visited the commandery with his suite.
February 5 accepted an invitation from Sir Knight C. A. Hayden to attend, in
a body, divine service at Elm Street Church, Auburn, on Easter Sunday.

The commanders have been: Henry H. Dickey, 1865-1868; William J.
Burnham, 1868-1870 ; Augustus Callahan, 1870-1871 ; David Cowan, 1871-
1872; Fessenden I. Day, 1872-1874; Frank T. Faulkner, 1874-1877 ; George
S. Woodman, 1877-1878; Theodore M. Varney, 1878-1880; Charles H. Jumper,
1880-1882; Albert M. Penley, 1882-1884; Frank E. Sleeper, 1884-1886;
William F. Wood, 1880-1888; Algernon M. Roak, 1888-1890; Danville IJ.
Stevens, present commander. The recorders have been : Seth I). Wakefield
until April, 1868; George S. Woodman until April, 1869; F. O. Sands elected
April, 1870; M. E. D. Bailey elected March, 1872; Jol)n F. Putnam elected
March, 1873 ; F. I. Day elected March, 1874 ; Horace C. Little elected March,
1883. The treasurers have been : Wm J. Burnham until November 16, 1865,
when David C'owan was elected. George H. Nye was chosen March 28, 1867 ;
he left the city, and July 25, 1867, John W. Farwell was appointed and held
the office until April 7, 1870, when Wm J. Burnham was elected. The officers
for 1891 are: Danville B. Stevens, E. C. ; W. Freeman Lord, G.; Charles E.
Libby, C. G. ; Fessenden L Day, P. ; Elbridge G. Heath, S. W. ; Albert S.
Plummer, J. W. ; Wm J. Burnham, Treas. ; Horace C. Little, R. ; Lavater O.
Morse, St. B. ; Frank H. Johnson, Sw. B. ; Samuel Hibbert, W. ; Henry L. Has-
kell, 3d G.; Roscoe E. Atwood, 2d G. ; Eben W. Dresser, 1st G. ; Charles H.
Jumper, S. The stated conclaves are held in Masonic Hall on the first Thurs-
day of each month ; the annual conclaves in February. This commandery
has had a brilliant and prosperous existence, and never were its prospects
better for a long term of activity and usefulness. The number of members
at last report was 231.

Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. Rite, was organized January 27,
1876, under a dispensation granted by the Supreme Council, January 19, 1876,
to Henry Holden Dickey, Fessenden Irving Day, Augustus Callahan, Joseph
Harvey Stetson, David Cowan, George Stoves Follensbee, Francis Thomas

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 241

Faulkner, John W. Ballon, Charles Albert Coombs, William Jackson Burn-
ham, and Theodore Murray Varney. The first officers elected were : Wm J.
Burnham, T. P. G. Master; F. I. Day, D. G. M. ; Augustus Callahan, V. S. G.
Warden; F. T. Faulkner, V. J. G. W.; H. H. Dickey, G. Orator; Joseph H.
Stetson, G. Treas. and Sec. ; T. M. Varney, G. M. of C. ; Geo. S. Follensbee,
G. C. of G. ; David Cowan, G. Hospitaler; John W. Ballou, G. Tyler. Wm
J. Burnham was T. P. G, Master from January 27, 1876, to February, 1(S7H;
Augustus Callahan from February, 1878, to February, 1879; Fessenden I. Day
from February, 1879, to February, 1883; T. M. Varney from February, 1883,
to February, 1885; Charles H. Jumper from February, 1885, to February, 1887 ;
A. M, Penley from February, 1887, to February, 1889; F. F^. Sleeper from Feb-
ruary, 1889, to February, 1891, when the present officers were elected: Elbridge
G. Heath, T. P. (J. Master; Charles E. Libby, D. G. M.; Wm F. Wood, V. S.
G. Warden; A. M. Roak, V. J. G. W.; Wm F. Lord, G. Orator; Joseph H.
Stetson, G. Treas.; John Garner, G. Sec; James T. Tarbox, G. M. of C; F.
H. Johnson, G. C. of G. ; Samuel Hibbert, G. Hospitaler; C. H. Jumper, G.
Tyler. Joseph H. Stetson has been G. Treasurer ever since its organization;
John Garner G. Secretavy since February, 1883. There were 105 members.
May 1, 1891.

Tyrian Lodye., No. 73,' F. tf A. M., Mechanic Falls. — A dispensation was
granted by G. M. John C. Humphrey, January 21, 1853, to Geo. Moore, Daniel
W. True, Nathaniel Bray, Augustus Golderman, George Hathaway, Josiah
Carr, and Samuel Atwood, to open and hold a Freemason's lodge to be known
as Fraternal Lodge; George Moore was named as first Master, D. W. True as
Senior Warden, Nathaniel Bray as Junior Warden. The first meeting U. D.
was held January 24, 1853, with the original members all present and two
visitors. Bros. True, Carr, and Moore were chosen to draft by-laws which
were reported and adopted January 27. These are preserved and show a clear
knowledge of Masonic and parliamentary law on the part of the framers. At
this meeting five applications were received. February 10, at the sixth
communication, Ellis D. Moore was initiated and "passed." He is now the
oldest Mason of the lodge. The next oldest is Lorenzo Edgecorab, initiated
and "passed" March 17. Fraternal Lodge held but 19 communications, for
when a charter was granted. May 10, 1853, it was to Tyrian Lodge, No. 78,
with rank of precedence from January 1, 1853. The meetings U. D., and
until the fitting up of the hall now occupied, were in Moore's Hall, in Minot.
June 18, 1853, M. W. G. M. Freeman Bradford opened a grand lodge in the
building in which the lodge held its meetings, and proceeding to the hall
consecrated Tyrian Lodge and installed its officers. They were George Moore,
W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; D. P. Atwood, J. W.; Josiah Carr, Treas.;
A. Golderman, Sec; and subordinates. Twenty-two Masons were made
during the year. The officers elected for 1854 were those of 1853, with W. F.

242 History of Androscoggin County.

Milliken secretary in place of Golderman. Nine Masons were made during
the year and two diniitted. Seven received the third degree in 1855, and the
officers elected were D. P. Atwood, W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; Clement
Phinney, J. W.; Josiah Carr, Treas. ; W. F. Milliken, Sec. June 24 occurred
the first expulsion from the lodge. In 1856 four were made Masons and two
dimitted. D. P. Atwood was W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; Josiah Carr,
J. W.; Tristram Durell, Treas.; W. W. Knight, Sec. This year died Nathaniel
Bray, May 29,^ and Otis Waterhouse, October 12.^

The elective officers for 1857 and 1858 were: Josiah Carr, W. M.; Augus-
tus Golderman, S. W.; A. P. Lamb, J. W. ; T. Durell, Treas.; O. B. Dwinal,
Sec. Eight Masons were made and one added by dimit in 1857, and five were
added in 1858 and one dimitted. January 28, 1858, a large Bible, square, and
compasses for altar service, were presented to the lodge by the ladies of Poland
and Minot interested in its welfare. In 1859 three were initiated. The officers
in 1859 were: Augustus Golderman, W. M.; A. P. Lamb, S. W. ; C. D.
Hackett, J. W.; W. C. Dwinal, Treas.; E. G. Hawkes, Sec. In 1860 the same,
except treasurer, D. P. Atwood, being chosen. This year a public installation
was held and a banquet followed, enjoyed by many. Five were initiated,
passed, and raised this year. 1861 — the same officers were chosen. Eleven
were made Masons, one dimitted, and one (John Stinchfield) died. The lodge
was incorporated this year by legislative enactment. 1862 — Alonzo P. Lamb,
W. M.; C. D. Hackett, S. W.; J. M. Eveleth, J. W.; D. P. Atwood, Treas.;
E. G. Hawkes, Sec. June 24 attended the centennial celebration of the intro-
duction of Masonry into Maine, held at Portland. Four were made Masons
this year, and eight in 1863. In 1863 C. D. Hackett was W. M.; John M.
Eveleth, S. W.; G. W. Seaverns, J. W.; same secretary and treasurer. Bro.
Burbank Spiller was buried with Masonic honors April 15. Enlisting in the
Fifth Maine in the spring of 1861 he rose rapidly from private to a captaincy,
and died from disease contracted in service. 1864 — J. M. Eveleth, W. M. ;
G. W. Seaverns, S. W. ; F. H. Cobb, J. W.; A. T. Denison, Treas.; E. G.
Hawkes, Sec, with other officers were publicly installed. Twenty-five were
initiated this year and three died — Levi Verrill, Willard W. Woodman,
Charles W. Jordan. 1865 — elective officers, except secretary, same as 1864.
W. C. Dwinal now assumes the pen. August 12 was buried Bro. Mark D.
Curtis, and September 15 Augustus B. Dwinal.^ Twenty-seven were made this

1 Brother Bray was made a Mason in Cumberlaud Lodge January 20, 1826, was a charter member of
Tyrian Lodge, a worthy and faithful brother.

-Brother Waterhouse was son of Benjamin Waterhouse, and was born in Poland in 1831. Educated
by his own efforts, he bcseame a successful teacher, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1856.
He gave promise of a brilliant career.

s He was son of Alexander Dwinal of Minot. Instead of entering college, for which he fitted, he
was one of the first to enlist as a Union soldier, was promoted to lieutenant and wounded, from the
effects of which he died.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 243

year. 1866— E. G. Hawkes, W. M.; P. R. Cobb, S. W. ; Geo. W. Slioles, J.
W. ; G. W. Seaverns, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. Eight were initiated,
passed, and raised. 1867 — Prescott R. Cobb, W. M.; G. W. Sholes, S. W. ;
H. B. King, J. W.; S. G. Spurr, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. Fourteen joined
this year by election and initiation. 1868 — P. R. Cobb, W. M.; G. W. Sholes,
S. W.; E. F. Ross, J. W.; S. G. Spurr, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. This year
were buried Bros. W. C. Dwinal^ and Simeon W. Hawkes. 1869 — Geo. W.
Sholes, VV. M.; E. F. Ross, S. W.; D. B. Perry, J. W. ; F. H. Cobb, Treas.;
E. A. Gammon, Sec. Ten Masons were made and one (William Cousens)
buried this year. 1870 — E. F. Ross, W. M. ; D. B. Perry, S. W.; C. H.
Dwinal, J. W. ; John Richardson, Treas. ; E. A. Gammon, Sec. February 10
a Masonic Board of Trustees having been incorporated, the lodge voted to
surrender its civil charter and transfer its funds to the treasurer of the board
of trustees. Bro. Samuel Atwood, a charter member and a Mason since 1815,
died February 10, aged 82. By this time 179 members have been admitted.

So far we have followed the manuscript history prepared for the Grand
Lodge. November 30 Past Master Dimon B. Perry presented the lodge with
large photographs of all Past Masters. These hang on the walls of the lodge
room in substantial frames, and from this year it has been an unwritten law of
the lodge that each Master shall add his framed photograph to the number.
Nine were made Masons this year, four dimitted, one died. In 1871 Edward
Ross was W. M. ; D. B. Perry, S. W.; C. H. Dwinal, J. W.; John Richardson,
Treas.; F. C. Whitehouse, Sec. In 1872, 1873, 1874, Dimon B. Perry, W. M. ;
Hiram B. King, S. W. ; J. Richardson, J. W.; F. C. Whitehouse, Treas.; J. S.
Merrill, Sec. February 1, 1872, was held the first meeting of Tyrian Lodge in
its present well-arranged and convenient hall in Denison Block, Poland, when
the lodge room was dedicated under the auspices of the Grand Lodge, repre-
sented by M. W. Henry H. Dickey, P. G. M., who publicly installed the
officers. October 9, 1873, the lodge assisted in constituting Union R. A.
Chapter. Thirty-seven were initiated, 11 dimitted, and seven died in these
three years. 1875 — H. B. King was W. M.; J. Richardson, S. W. ; E. F.
Stevens, J. W.; A. J. Weston, Treas.; T. S. Turner, Sec. In 1876, J. Rich-
ardson, W. M. ; E. F. Stevens, S. W.; C. E. Stoddard, J. W. ; A. J. Weston,
Treas.; H. C. Bray, Sec. April 6, 1876, the time of the annual meeting was
changed from January to October. In 1877, J. Richardson, W. M.; E. F.
Stevens, S. W.; John F. Briggs, J. W.; A. J. Weston, Treas.; E. F. Edge-
comb, Sec. 1878-1879 — E. F. Stevens, W. M. ; J. M. Libby, S. W. ; H. N.
Whittle, J. W.; A.J. Weston, Treas.; E. F. Edgecomb, Sec. 1880 — Jesse M.
Libby, W. M ; H. M. Whittle, S. W.; Charles H. Adams, J. W.; A. J. Weston,
Treas.; E. F. Edgecomb, Sec. 1881 — same officers as 1880 except James H.

iWinfield C. Dwinal, son of Jacob. He was prominent in Minot business affairs, was a mercliant
aud paper manufacturer, and later a member of the mercantile house of D. W. True & Co., of Portland.

244 History of Androscoggin County.

Harper is J. W. 1882— H. N. Whittle, W. M. ; John F. Briggs, S. W.; Hollis

C. Bray, J. W.; I). B. Perry, Treas. (which office he has since held); E. F.
Edgecomb, Sec. 1883 — H. N. Whittle, W. M.; H. C. Bray, S. W.; D. R.
Greenwood, J. W. ; C. E. Stoddard, Sec. 1884— H. C. Bray, W. M.; E. F.
Edgecomb, S. W.; J. H. King, J. W.; C. E. Stoddard, Sec. 1885, 1886— E.
F. Edgecomb, W. M.; J. H. King, S. W.; Thos. B. Davis, J. W.; E. F. Ross,
Sec. 1887, 1888 — J. H. Kifig, W. M.; F. R. Harmon, S. W. ; H. E. Dennen,
J. W.; O. H. Guptill, Sec. 1889 — Frank R. Harmon, W. M.; H. E. Dennen,
S. W.; T. B. Davis, J. W. ; O. H. Guptill, Sec. 1890— F. R. Harmon, W.
H. E. Dennen, S. W. ; J. H. DeCoster, J. W. ; P. R. Cobb, Sec. 1891 — H. E.
Dennen, W. M. ; O. H. Guptill, S. W. ; F. O. Purington, J. W.; D. B. Perry,
Treas. ; F. C. Bucknam, Sec.

Tyrian I^odge has had a most prosperous existence. Twelve candidates
have been initiated this year, and the membership in March, 1891, was 201.
The lodge has an invested fund of 't2,300, owns the furnishings and finishings
of its hall, which was fitted up by the lodge. Many pleasant things have
occurred to strengthen the bonds of fraternity, and one incident shows the
far-extending, watchful care of the brotherhood. A letter was received by the
secretary from W. M. James Smith, of Monumental Lodge of Baltimore, under
date of July 31, 1804, stating that several trunks had been picked up at sea
off Cape Henry, and on opening them in one was found a diploina purporting
to belong to Frank M. Cobb, a member of this lodge, and the letter was written
to give him, or members of his family, notice that the trunk was safely cared
for and requesting orders for its disposition. The work of this lodge has ever
been complimented highl}^ by the visiting officers of the Grand Lodge, and its
record stands second to none in its district, and the attendance has always been
large. But few have held office in the Grand Lodge: Daniel P. Atwood in
1857 and 1861, John M. Eveleth in 1871, Dimon B. Perry in 1876, Edward F.
Stevens in 1881 and 1882 have been District Deputy Grand Masters, and E. F.
Edgecomb was a member of the standing committee on returns of the Grand
Lodge in 1886 and 1887. Daniel W. True and W. F. Milliken, made Masons
in this lodge, later became prominent business men of Portland. The lodge
has a select library of several hundred volumes.

Union Moijul Arch Chapter, JSfo. 36, Merhanic Falls. — In 1872, ninth
month, twenty-sixth day, G. H. P. John W. Ballou granted to J. M. Eveleth,

D. B. Perry, C. H. Dwinal, J. L. Tenney, Josiah Carr, A. Golderman, D. H.
McCann, Adna T. Denison, E. F. Stevens, W. B. Bucknam, S. G. Hatch, F.

E. Crockett, A. O. Noyes, M. M. Fuller, Calvin E. Evans, H. D. Smith, S.

F. Sargent, George Moore, Zenas Thompson, John Hooper, W. G. Lowell,
Luther Perkins, D. S. Perkins, Mark Crockett, Ceylon Watson, and George E.
Hawkes, a dispensation for a chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Mechanic Falls.
J. M. Eveleth was appointed H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; and D. B. Perry, S.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies, 245

The chapter held its first meeting October 8, 1872. The charter was granted
May 7, 1873. The charter members were D. B. Perry, E. F. Stevens, J. L.
Tenney, Josiah Carr, A. Golderman, D. N. McCann, G. E. Hawkes, Mark
Crockett, C. H. Dwinal, A. T. Denison, W. G. Lowell, W. B. Bucknam, A.
Oscar Noyes, Fred E. Crockett, David G. Millett, S. G. Hatch, L. B. Weeks,
C. F. Durell, J. M. Eveleth, George Moore, Zenas Thompson, Luther Perkins,
H. D. Smith, James S. Merrill, Wm H. Pierce, Thos S. Turner, Geo. H.
Butler, Moses S. Jordan, Jeffrey Parsons, Geo. W. Hobbs, Charles A. Pierce,
Albert E. Sawyer, Hiram B. King. G. H. P. Horace H. Burbank constituted
the chapter October 9, 1873, and these officers were installed: J. M. Eveleth,
H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; D. B. Perry, S.; W. B. Bucknam, Treas.; C. H.
Dwinal, Sec; Zenas Thompson, Chap.; D. N. McCann, C. H.; A. T. Denison,
P. S.; H. B. King, R. A. C; J. L. Tenney, M. 3d V.; J. S. Merrill, M. 2d V.;
S. H. Hutchinson, M. 1st V.; Charles A. Pierce, Sent. Officers for 1874: J.
M. Eveleth, H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; D. B. Perry, S.; W. B. Bucknam,
Treas.; C. H. Dwinal, Sec; 1875 — E. F. Stevens, H. P.; D. B.Perry, K.;
Thomas S. Turner, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; Hollis C. Bray, Sec; 1876 —
E. F. Stevens, H. P.; P. R. Cobb, K.; J. S. Merrill, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.;
J. E. Adams, Sec; 1877 — E. F. Stevens, H. P.; P. R. Cobb, K.; S. H.
Hutchinson, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; J. S. Merrill, Sec; 1878 — P. R. Cobb,
H. P.; J. M. Eveleth, K.; J. F. Briggs, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; J. S.
Merrill, Sec; 1879-1880 — P. R. Cobb, H. P.; J. F. Briggs, K.; W. Waters,
S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; E. F. Stevens, Sec; 1881 — J. F. Briggs, H. P.;
Wm Waters, K.; H. C. Bray, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; E. F. Stevens,
Sec John F. Briggs, H. P., was buried with Masonic honors March 15,
1882. A dispensation was given this year changing the place of meeting to
Norway, and in 1883 that place was continued as the home of the chapter.

Nezinscof Ludf/e, JVo. 101, Turner. — In 1859 several members of the
Masonic fraternity, residing in this town, desiring more of the benefits of the
order than could be given by the lodges to which they held allegiance
conceived the idea of a lodge in I'nruer, which was fostered by informal
meetings held in the law office of M. T. Ludden, and culminated in a petition
to the Grand Lodge for a dispensation signed by Geo. W. Turner, Hira
Bradford, H. M. Mayo, Philo (lark, Seth D. Andrews, Deering Farrar, F. M.
Mayo, M. T. Ludden, Wm Bray, Henry Turner, Chas E. Bradford, Gilbert
Phillips, Rufus Prince, Lewis A. Farrar. Tliey were vouched for "by lYanquil
Lodge of Danville," and the petition was countersigned by R. W. Augustus
Callahan, D. D. G. M. of the second Masonic district.

A dispensation was granted March 1, 1860, and the first regular communi-
cation was held at Masonic Hall, March 3, 1860. There were present Geo. W.
Turner, W. M. ; Seth D. Andrews, S. W. ; Horatio M. Mayo, J. W. — the
officers named in the dispensation, and these brethren, Hira Bradford, Deering

246 History of Androscoggin County.

Farrar, Lewis A. Farrar, F. M. Mayo, M. T. Ludden, Hufus Prince, Charles
E. Bradford, Henry Turner, Gilbert Phillips. Deering Farrar was chosen
treasurer; Kufus Prince, Sec; C. E. Bradford, S. D. ; H. Turner, J. D. ;
G. Phillips, S. S.; F. M. Mayo, J. S. ; Philo Clark, M.; M. T. Ludden, Tyler.
Five petitions for membership were presented and the new lodge started under
very favorable auspices. June 2, 1860, occurred the first election of officers:
G. W. Turner, W. M.; S. D. Andrews, S. W.; H. M. Mayo, J. W. ; D. Farrar,
Treas.; Kufus Prince, Sec. June 23 was a great day for the new lodge. A
past master's lodge was opened by M. W. Josiah H. Drummond, Grand
Master, W. M. ; M. W. Keuel Washburn, S. W.; Joseph Covell, J. W.; other
officers of the Grand Lodge filling the other stations. The degree of past
master was then conferred on G. W. Turner, the master-elect, after which the
Grand Lodge officers "consecrated, constituted, and dedicated Nezinscot
Lodge in ample form," and the officers were publicly installed in the Baptist
church. June 26, 1861, were elected Geo. W. Turner, W. M.; S. D.
Andrews, S. W. ; Silas Morse, J. W. ; D. Farrar, Treas. ; 11. Prince, Sec. ;
M. T. Ludden, S. S.; H. Turner, J. D. December 14 a contribution was sent
to the erection fund of the Dunlap monument. In 1862 the officers of 1861
were re-elected. The celebration of the anniversary of the introduction of
Masonry into Maine, held at Portland, June 24, was attended as a lodge.
January 3, 1863, a committee was chosen " to procure a legislative charter. "
January 24, Masonic rites were held in memory of Thomas W. Davis, who died
in the army. June 17 Hira Bradford's funeral services were conducted.
June 27, 1863, elected Seth D. Andrews, W. M.; Charles E. Bradford, S. W.;
M. T. Ludden, J. W.; Phillips Bradford, Treas.; Jas. P. Waterman, Sec;
H. C. Haskell, S. D.; Eland Fuller, J. D. July 25 officers installed by R. W.
D. D. G. M. Joseph P. Gill. August 12 the burial services of Gen. Alden
Blossom were attended. April 16, 1864, G. W. Turner was chosen rep-
resentative to the Grand Lodge. May 21 voted to attend the celebration
of St John's day to be held at Livermore Falls. June 8 a special meeting
was held at the house of Timothy Pratt to bury Major Archibald D. Leavitt
with Masonic honors. Charles E. Bradford was W. M. this year.

Up to this period much good material had been incorporated into the lodge.
October 11 the funeral services of Bro. W. H. Torrey, "died in battle," were held.
November 15 the funeral of Bro. W. M. Bridgham was attended. Officers,
18(55 : M. T. Ludden, W. M. ; L. P. Bradford, S. W. ; Thomas W. Bowman,
J. W.; F. T. Faulkner, Treas.; J. B. Waterman, Sec; Charles Blake, S. I).;
Gilbert Piiillips, J. D. August 5 the lodge instructed tlie W. M. to pay Cyrus
Cole i|500 for a deed of the hall, building, and land. August 25, 1866, voted
1800 for repairs. M. T. Ludden was Master in 1866; D. H. Teague, Sec; L.
P. Bradford, S. W.; T. W. Bowman, J. W. Bro. G. W. Turner is now D. D. G.
M.; Philo Clark, Representative. 1867 — officers elected, L. P. Bradford, W.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 247

M.; Henry Turner, S. W.; H. C. Haskell, J. W.; D. H. Teague, Sec. April 4,
1868, the petition for a new lodge at Buckfield was voted upon and decided
adversely. I'be lodge was finally established, taking 21 members from this lodge.
Officers elected, 1868: L. P. Bradford, W. M.; Henry Turner, S. W. ; Charles
Blake, J. W.; S. D. Andrews, Sec. F. T. Faulkner elected representative to
the Grand Lodge. Officers for 1869: L. P. Bradford, W. M.; Charles Blake,
S. W. ; F. T. Faulkner, J. W. ; James A. Cary, Treas. July 24 the funeral of
Charles B. Blake was attended. June 11, 1870, chose F. T. Faulkner, W. M.;
Charles Blake, S. W. ; C. H. Thayer, J. W.; J. A. Cary, Treas. The lodge
was invited to participate in the dedication at Bangor by the Grand Lodge.
In November, P. M. S. I). Andrews and W. M. F. T. Faulkner were chosen
committee on history. March 4, 1871, the deaths of Asa Phillips, D. H.
Teague, and H.' D. Irish were reported. March 9 the lodge gave Masonic
burial to the remains of Bro. Joseph Ludden of Temple Lodge. March 28 R.
W. I. G. Curtis, D. D. G. M., witnessed work on the M. M. degree, and gave
remarks complimentar}' to the lodge. June 17 R. W. Dura Bradford, D. D.
G. M. installed the officers elect. These were: F. T. Faulkner, W. M.;
Chas Blake, S. W.; L. B. Perry, J. W.; J. A. Cary, Treas.; C. E. Kempton,
S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. July 29 occurred the first suspension since the
organization of the lodge. September 23 many visiting brethren from Tran-
quil, Rabboni, Oriental Star, and Evening Star lodges were present to witness
work on the M. M. degree, and when "called from labor to refreshment" 58
Masons were present. October 28 Bro. Faulkner appointed to procure new
regalia and jewels. October 24 the lodge went to North Turner to bury with
Masonic honors Bro. Charles W. Willard (non-affiliated). December 13 the
death of Bro. J. Eldridge occurred. He was the first tyler of the lodge after
receiving its charter.

February 2, 1872, a large number of visiting brethren present from Ashlar,
Tranquil, Rabboni, Oriental Star, Polar Star, and Lancaster lodges. April 18
Brothers Faulkner and Andrews appointed to revise the by-laws and have
them printed. Officers for 1872: F. T. Faulkner, W. M. ; L. B. Perry,
S. W.; C. H. Thayer, J. W.; S. P. Bradford, Treas.; C. E. Kempton, S. D. ;
I. N. Loring, J. D. August 15 the lodge attended the consecration of Whitney
Lodge of Canton. July 5, 1873, public installation of officers, by R. W. F.
T. Faulkner, D. D. G. M., which were: Carlos E. Kempton, W. M.; C. H.
Thayer, S. W.; C. D. Ford, J. W.; Lewis P. Bradford, Treas.; S. S. Merrill,
S. D. ; I. N. Loring, J. I). June 24, 1874, by invitation the lodge joined in
the dedication of the new hall of Tranquil Lodge and participated in the
celebration of St John's Day. The historian says : " As the guests of
Tranquil Lodge, we shall not soon forget the fraternal and hospitable manner
in which we were entertained." June 27 the lodge appropriated #40 for
suffering Masons in Louisiana. The officers for 1874 were: Carlos E.

248 History of Androscoggin County.

Kerapton, W. M.; Chas H. Thayer, S. W. ; Perkins, J. W.; F. T.

Faulkner, Treas.; S. S. Merrill, S. D.; I. N. Loring, J. D. March 16, 1875,
attended the funeral of Brother J. A. Gary. August 14 the officers-elect were
installed by R. W. F. I. Day, D. D. G. M.; Carlos E. Kempton, W. M. ; S. S.
Merrill, S. W.; J. E. Ashe, J. W.; F.T. Faulkner, Treas.; F. K. Jack, S. D.;
I. N. Loring, J. D. November 27 Bro. Robert Lindsey, of Leeds, was
reported as very ill, and Bro. R. Jennings was appointed to convey to him the
sympathy of the lodge. December 11 Bro. Philo Clark by request delivered a
lecture on "The Duties of Masons," which for beauty, sound sense, and
instruction has never been excelled in this lodge. January 8, 1876, Bro.
Jennings on invitation delivered a timely and well-written lecture on "Our
Characters as Masons." January 27 a special meeting was called to receive
and bury the remains of Bro. George Bates, of Oriental Lodge, who died at
Auburn and was buried in the cemetery at Turner. The ceremony was
conducted by P. M. George W.Turner. February 6 Bro. Roscoe Smith, M.D.,
delivered a lecture on "The Origin of Masonry" — very interesting and
displaying much research. A contribution was sent to aid a Mississippi lodge.
Officers for 1876: S. S. Merrill, W. M.; Chas Blake, S. W.; J. E. Ashe, J. W.;
F. K. Jack, S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. Officers for 1877: S. S. Merrill,
W. M.; Chas Blake, S. W.; John E. Ashe, J. W.; Roscoe Smith, Sec;
F. K. Jack, S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. September 21, 1877, attended the
funeral of Bro. B. F. Perry at West Auburn. March 15, 1878, conducted the
funeral services of P. M. George W. Turner at Turner Center. Bro. Turner
was the first Master serving three years under the charter, and declined to
serve after being again elected. He held many distinguished positions in
Masonry. Officers for 1878: S. S. Merrill, W. M.; C. H. Thayer, S. W.;
John E. Ashe, J. W. ; F. K. Jack, S. D. ; W. L. Loring, J. D. August 10 the
thanks of the lodge were presented to the ladies (especially Mrs. C. E.
Kempton) who have so generously given their aid to beautify and adorn the
hall. The lodge-room has been carpeted, painted, papered, and otherwise
improved. February 1, 1879, the death of P. M. Charles E. Bradford (third
master of the lodge) was announced. He had held many prominent positions
in civil Hfe. In 1870 the officers were: Charles Blake, W. M.; C. H. Thayer,
S. W.; W. L. Loring, J. W. ; Roscoe Smith, S. D.; C. H. Barrell, J. D.
Public installation, August 30. September 27 death announced of Bro. W. H.
Jewett, M.I). February 14, 1880, officially visited by D. D. G. M. Archie L.
Talbot. An organ was purchased in April. Officers elected June 19: C. H.
Thayer, W. M. ; W. L. Loring, S. W. ; Roscoe Smith, J. W. ; Levi B. Perry,
S. D.; C. H. Barrell, J. D. February 26 an official visit from R. W. C. R.
Whitton, D. D. G. M., who stated that "Nezinscot Lodge sustained her high
reputation for correctness of work." April 9, 1881, the death of Bro. W. R.
Bradford was announced. August 31 attended the funeral services of the late

1

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 249

Master, C. H. Thayer. Officers elected September 3: Levi B. Perry, W. M.;
W. L. Loring, S. W.; Roscoe Smith, J. W. December 3 S. D. Andrews,
F. T. Faulkner, and Roscoe Smith appointed to write the history of the lodge.
April 29, 1882, the death of Bro. O. D. Turner announced. May 27 Levi B.
Perry chosen W. M.; W. L. Loring, S. W.; C. H. Barrell, J. W. Officers,
1883: David N. Osgood, W. M.; H. C. Haskell, S. W.; C. H. Barrell, J. W.;
J. F. Quimby, S. D.; H. A. Hildreth, J. D. 1884 — D. N. Osgood, W. M.;
C. H. Barrell, S. W. ; J. N. Donham, J. W.; J. F. Quimby, S. D.; H. A.
Hildreth, J. D. June 22, 1884, attended the funeral of Bro. Philo Clark.
August 30 public installation. February 27 an official visit from R. W. N. U.
Hinkley, D. D. (I. M. Officers, 1885: Charles H. Barrell, W. M.; J. N.
Donham, S. W.; J. W. Newell, J. W. ; Elisha Pratt, S. D. ; E. P. Ramsdell,
J. D. July 22 the lodge, escorted by I^ewiston Commandery, attended the
funeral services of Bro. Caleb Blake, an old and honored member. In
December a contribution was sent to the suffering brethren of Galveston,
Texas. Bro. H. M. Humphrey buried with Masonic honors February 2, 1886.
March 17 another Masonic funeral attended, that of Bro. Asa Bradford. July
7 attended the centennial celebration of the settlement of the town, in regalia.
Officers, 1886: C. H. Barrell, W. M. ; J. M. Donham, S. W.; J. W. Newell,
J. W.; E. P. Ramsdell, S. D. ; Geo. W. Snell, J. D., who were publicly
installed. November 6 voted to grant Turner R. A. Chapter the free use of the
hall and anterooms for five years. March S, 18(S7, the late honored Master,
Charles H. I>arrell, was buried with Masonic rites. Officers chosen June 4:
James N. Donham, \V. M. ; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; Harvey W. Burdin, J. W. ;
F. S. French, S. D.; A. W. Roberts, J. D. Officers, 1888: James N. Donham,
W. M.; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; F. S. French, J. W.; A. W. Roberts, S. D.;
E. V. Stevens, J. D. June 8, 1889, elected E. P. Ramsdell, W. M.; Frank S.
French, S. W. ; Albion W. Roberts, J. W.; E. V. Stevens, S. D.; W. H. French,
J. D. July 27 attended the Masonic funeral of our cherished brother, Phillips
Bradford, at Auburn. May 3, 1890, announcement was made of the death of
Bro. C. A. Coombs. The lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland,
accompanied by the Turner band. The officers elected June 28 were: E. P.
Ramsdell, W. M.; F. S. French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W. ; Wm H. Downing,
S. D. ; Wm H. French, J. D., and they were publicly installed August 23.
October 25 the secretary was appointed to write the history of tlie lodge.
January 13, 1891, the Masonic funeral of Bro. Benjamin Keen was attended at
North Turner. The death of Bro. Rufus Prince was announced May 23, and
since then have passed to the Grand Lodge above Charles A. Coombs and
Henry Turner. The officers for 1891 are: E. P. Ramsdell, W. M. ; Frank S.
French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W.; F. T. Faulkner, Treas.; S. D. Andrews,
Sec; Wm H. Downing, S. D.; W. H. French, J. D.; H. C. Haskell, Mar.;
S. D. Thomas, S. S.; Wm B. Bradford, J. S.; Wm L. Blake, Tyler.

250 History of Androscoggin County.

The membership is now 100, scattered from Aroostook county to the
Pacific coast. The lodge has been composed of the best possible material, of
citizens eminent in intellectual and moral virtues, and has always held high
place for its correct rendition of the "work," and the reports of the D. D.
(Irand Masters concerning it have been uniformly highly eulogistic. It has
been financially well conducted ; it owns its hall of three stories (the lower
part is rented for -K^lOO per annum), and it has a fund of $1,200. F. T. Faulkner
has been treasurer from 1865 excepting 1871-2-3-1, and S. D. Andrews has
been secretary since 1868 except one year.

Turner Royal Arch Chapter, No. Jfl-, Turner} — Those Masons who had
received the Royal Arch degree, living in Turner and vicinity, being 12 miles
from a chapter were practically deprived of the advantages pertaining to
capitulary Masonry. There were other Master Masons who desired the degrees
but did not feel able to go so far for them. So, after due consideration, it was
decided to establish a chapter in Turner. Accordingly, on January 15,- 1876,
the first meeting was held in Masonic Hall, Turner village, with these ofificers :
M. E. Geo. W. Turner, H. P.; E. Carlos E. Kempton, K.; E. Jas A. Ridlon,
S.; F. T. Faulkner, Sec. ; Chas Jones, C. H.; H. A. Ellis, P. S. ; J. H. Ellis,
R. A. C; H. M. Pratt, M. 2d V.; S. H. Wilson, Sent. At this meeting the
chapter received the petitions of ten candidates for the capitular degrees. Com-
mittees were chosen to draft a code of by-laws, on chandeliers, wood, aprons, and
repairs. A dispensation was read from M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P. of the
M. E. G. R. A. Chapter of the State of Maine, dated January 6, 1876, "to form
and open a chapter of R. A. Masons in the town of Turner, by the name of
Turner Chapter." This dispensation was granted to Comps. F. T. Faulkner,
C. E. Kempton, Geo. W. Turner, Caleb Blake, H. C. Munson, Jas A. Ridlon,
S. H. Wilson, Milton J. Loring, and C. E. Bradford, and Bradford R. A. Chapter,
of Auburn, favored the dispensation. Geo. W. Turner was appointed to be the
first High Priest; C. E. Kempton, King; and Jas A. Ridlon, Scribe.

At the stated meeting, February 12, two petitions were received and nine
candidates accepted. The committee on by-laws reported a code which was
accepted. The M. M. Mason's degree was conferred on nine candidates. March
11 one application, and two candidates accepted. At a special meeting, April 1,
the R. A. degree was first worked, and six were exalted. April 13 three candi-
dates were exalted. At the stated meeting, April 15, the chapter voted to petition
for a charter. April 29 three candidates were exalted. May 13 two petitions
were received, also report made that the Grand Chapter had granted a charter.
The following resolution was presented by Comp. H. C. Munson, and adopted:

Whereas, We are greatly indebted to Companion Faulliner for bis persistent and suc-
cessful efforts in establishing Turner Chapter of Royal Arch Masons;

Resolved, That wo extend to him our heartiest thanks in recognition of bis interest in

iRy S. D. Andrews.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 251

Masonry in general and in Turner Chapter in particular, and that our acknowledgment of
indebtedness to him as a chapter be placed upon the secretary's book of records.

At a special meeting, June 30, 1876, the chapter was duly constituted by
M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P., assisted by R. E. F. T. Faulkner, G. Scribe
as D. G. H. P.; R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, G. King, as G. Scribe; Comp. J. W
Ballou, P. G. H. P., as G. C. of H.; Comp. Charles Jones as G. R. A. C.
Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. The first officers under the charter were
C. E. Kempton, H. P.; H. M. Pratt, K.; Philo Clark, S.; H. C. Haskell

C. of H.; C. H. Thayer, P. S.; F. K. Jack, R. A. C; S. S. Merrill, M. 3d V.
W. L. Loring, M. 2d V.; J. E. Ashe, M. 1st V.; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T
Faulkner, Sec; H. C. Munson, Chap.; Asa Bradford, S. S.; F. M. Loring, J. S.
H. W. Humphrey, Sent. July 8 committees were appointed to procure a seal
and on printing by-laws. June 30, 1877, election of officers : C. E. Kempton,
H. P.; H. C. Haskell, K.; Philo Clark, Scribe; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T.
Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; F. K. Jack, P. S.; S. S. Merrill, R.
A. C; W. L. Loring, M. MY. ; J. E. Ashe, M. 2d V.; P. C. Torrey, M. 1st V.
Voted to invite F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, to install the officers-elect at the
next stated meeting (July 28), which he did. October 27 three petitions
for degrees.

February 7, 1878, three candidates exalted. The official visit of R. E.
Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., occurred this evening. There were many
distinguished Masons present. Refreshments were served and a delightful
evening passed. June 15, election of officers. August 17, officers installed
by R. E. F. T. Faulkner. February 8, 1879, the death of Comp. C. E.
Bradford was announced, and appropriate action was taken. He died January
22, in Massachusetts, where he was teaching. March 11 official visit of a
grand officer; other distinguished members of the order were present. Sep-
tember 6 officers installed.

February 19, 1880, M. E. J. M. Hayes, G. H. P., witnessed work in M. M.
M. degree. Remarks by Comps. Hayes, J. W. Ballou, and others. Refreshments
were served. June 26 election of officers. September 25, 1880, two applica-
tions for degrees; officers installed. February 19, 1881, official visit by R. E.
Frank E. Sleeper, G. S. June 18 election of officers: H. C. Haskell, H. P.;
S. D. Andrews, King; Philo Clark, Scribe; Henry Turner, Treas.; F. T.
Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; S. S. Merrill, P. S.; W. L. Loring,
R. A. C.; John E. Ashe, M. 3d V.; Thos J. Owen, M. 2d V.; H. W. Copeland,
M. 1st V. I give the names of this list of officers because some of the principal
ones have been re-elected annually for 10 years. September 10 the death of
Comp. C. H. Thayer was announced. He died August 29. November 12 a
committee on history of the chapter, consisting of Comps. C. E. Kempton, S.

D. Andrews, and W. L. Loring, was chosen.

August 9, 1884, the death of Comp. Philo Clark, Scribe of this chapter, was

252 History of Androscoggin County.

announced. Comp. Clark had held many civil offices in the town and county,
and had been long a Mason honored and respected. August 29, 1885, the death
of Comp. Caleb Blake was reported. He died July 20. He was a well-known
business man, a genial companion, and much esteemed. February 20, 1886,
Comp. H. W. Humphrey was reported as having passed over to the majority.
March 20 the death of Comp. Asa Bradford was announced. September 11
the officers were publicly installed by Comp. F. T. Faulkner, on the same
evening with Nezinscot Lodge. Ivefreshments were served by the lodge.
January 30, 1891, the death of Benj. Keen was reported.

The growth of the chapter has been of late years slow ; our jurisdiction
has been very limited. Other organizations have sprung up around us and by
great promise of sick benefits and pecuniary aid have drawn from the chapter.
It is not the practice of Masons to solicit men to join their various bodies ;
indeed, they are forbidden to do it. Our members are scattered over a wide
territory, from Maine to Florida, so that we find it difficult to get a quorum at
our meetings; but we have a good chapter, and have always received the
highest encomiums from the representatives of the Grand Chapter for the
correctness of our work, and we expect to do good work in the years to come.

Acacia Loil[n\ No. 121^ F. ^ A. il/., Durliam., was organized under a dispen-
sation granted May 7, 1803, and the first meeting was held June 24, 1803. A
charter was granted May 4, 1865, by Wm P. Preble, G. M., to Geo. W. Wagg,
Wm R. Wright, David O. S. Stetson, Stephen C. Stetson, Isaac S. Brown, Wm
Wording, Jas W. Webber, Parmenio C. Shaw, E. G. Parker, Wm S. Michaels.
About the time of the granting of the charter a dwelling was purchased and
altered into a convenient Masonic hall. Its cost with repairs was 'f 1,000. The
number of members in May, 1891, was 80. Bro. Charles W. Harding was
D. D. G. M. in 1888-9.

Officers from Organization. — 1863— Geo. W. Wagg, W. M.; I. S. Brown, S. W.; W. R.
Wright, J. W.; P. C. Shaw, Treas. ; J. W. Webber, Sec; Wra Wording, J. I).; E. G.
Parker, Tyler. 1864 (appointed by G. M.) — Asa P. Moore, W. M.; Win R. Wright, S. W.;
Wm W. Beals, J. W.; Geo. W. Rico, Sec; Wm H. Haskell, S. D.; Nelson Strout, J. D.
186.'>— W. R. Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren,
Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, Sec; P. R. Strout, S. D.; Wm B. Newell, J. D. 1866 — W. R.
Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W.
Rice, Sec; Z. Fickett, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D. 1867 — W. R. Wright, W. M. ;
Nelson Strout, S. W.; W. S. Michaels, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. Rice,
Sec; B. I. Small, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D.; 1868 — Wra R. Wright, W. M.;
I. S. Brown, S. W. ; B. I. Small, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. F. Morrell, Sec;
1869 — Benj. I. Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W. ; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren,
Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; Fred W. Elder, S. D.; C. W. Harding, J. D. 1870— B. I.
Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W.; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D.
Roak, Sec; I. N. Beals, S. D.; Chas W. Harding, J. D. 1871 — B. I. Small, W. M.; Alfred
Lunt, S. W.; S. B. Libby, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; C. W. Harding,
S. D.; Josiah L. Vining, J. D. 1872 — Alfred Lunt, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; Elmer W.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 253

Randall, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; J. H. Davis, Sec; Wm B. Newell, Chap.; C. W.
Harding, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1873 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C. W. Harding, S. W.;
E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; W. D. Roak, Marshal; A. H.
Parker, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1874 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C W. Harding, S. W.;

E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; A. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; E. S. Warren, Chap.; 1875 — C.
W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; Jos. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred
Lunt, Sec. 1876 — C. W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W.; J. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D.
Roak, Treas.; Alfred Lunt, Sec. 1877— Jos. H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S.
Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Alfred Lunt, Sec. ; Wm R. Wright, Chap. 1878 — J.
H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. Fenlason, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; W. B.
Newell, Sec; W. H. Douglass, Chap.; 1879— J. H. Davis, W. M ; A. H. Parker, S. W.;
C. S. Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Wm B. Newell, Sec; I. A. Paine, Chap.;
C. W. Harding, S. D. ; W. H. Merrill, J. D. ; 1880 — A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason,
S. W. ; True Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; C. W. Harding,
S. D. ; Wm H, Merrill, J. D. ; 1881 —A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason, S. W.; True
Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1882— Alfred Lunt, W. M.; L. O.
Morse, S. W. ; S. S. Parker, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1883 —
Alfred Lunt, W. M. ; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; W. H. Douglass, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Lora
Newell, Sec; S. B. Libby, S. D.; F. A. Harding, J. D.; 1884 — E. 0. Tyler, W. M.; S. B.
Libby, S. W.; W. H. Douglas, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; F. A.
Harding, S. D.; J. L. Wright, J. D. ; 1885 — E. O. Tyler, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; F. A.
Harding, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Geo. H. Hatch, S. D. ; L S.
Trufant, J. D.; 1886 — S. B. Libby, W. M. ; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W. ;
W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Jos. H. Davis, S. D. ; 1. S. Trufant, J. D.;
1887— S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W.; Wm P. Water-
house, Treas. ; J. L. Wright. Sec. ; 1888 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W. ; J. W.
Thomas, J. W.; J. L. Wright, Sec; I. S. Trufant, S. D.; E. L. Macomber, J. D.; 1889 —

F. A. Harding, W. M.; H. M. Beal, S. W.; J. W. Thomas, J. W. ; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas. ;
J. L. Wright, Sec. ; J. H. Davis, S. D. ; J. L. Viniug, J. D. : J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W.
Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dinglcy, Tyler; 1890 — F. A. Harding, W. M. ; H. M. Beal, S. W. ; E. L.
Macomber, J. W.; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; E. R. Miller, Chap.;
L. B. Small, Marshal; J. L. Viniug, S. D. ; J. H. Williams, J. D.; J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W.
Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dingley, Tyler.

Ancient York Lod(/e, JVo. ISS, F. (|' A. M.,'^ Lisbon Falls, was granted a
dispensation January 1, 1870, by M. W. J. H. Lynde, G. M. of the M. W.
Grand Lodge of the State of Maine. The petitioners were: David S. Dunlap,
S. P. Crosman, Geo. C. Wing, Geo. W. Coombs, Samuel Sylvester, Geo. F.
Alexander, C. TI. Douglass, Tobias T. Goddard, S. Estes, E. B. Webber, A. T.
Crosman, Edw. Plummer, N. L. Shea, L. Harden, F. A. Small, J. H. Eacott,
T. C. liogers, Simeon Stone, Geo. B. Shorey, Abram H. Nason, H. A. Small,
E. Day, Silas Plummer, H. C. White, and O. R. Small. The first meeting was
held January 17, 1870. The G. M. appointed Tobias T. Goddard, W. M.;
Horace C. White, S. W. ; N. L. Shea, J. W. The Grand Lodge granted a
charter on May 4, 1870, and on September 27, 1870, at the adoption of the
constitution and installation the following officers were installed: Tobias T.

1 By William Parkin, Secretary.

254 History of Androscoggin County.

Cxoddard, W. M. ; Horace C. White, S. W.; N. L. vShea, J. W.; Edw. Plummer,
Treas. ; Cephas H. Douglass, Sec.; Simeon Stone, S. D.; Geo. W. Coombs,
J. D.; David S. Dunlap, S. S.; Thos C. Rogers, J. S.; O. R. Small, Marshal;
Sumner Estes, Chap.; Silas Plummer, Tyler. The lodge has been very
successful, both financially and otherwise, from its first meeting. The following
are names of members admitted: Otis S. Vining, Wra Rhodes, Chas B.
Plummer, John L. Gardner, Geo. D. Frost, Samuel J. White, Joshua S. Newell,
Alfred Webber, Wm Maines, Frank M. Hacker, T. Alvah Moore, Joseph G.
Small, Geo. A. Pettingill, Roscoe G. Green, Frank H. Ambach, Edward R.
Warren, N. J. Wedgwood, J. Reid Edgecomb, Lafayette E. Dennison, Seward

A. Parker, John A. Smith, Jas E. Edgecomb, Abram Healey, E. M. Shaw,
Geo. W. Gould, Nathaniel S. Purinton, Alonzo S. Purinton, Wm S. Merrill,
Chas A. Ambach, Frank B. Potter, Eugene B. Earl, Addison Slater, Robert N.
Callahan, Jas W. Card, Levi C. Gould, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Jas W. Farrin, John
H. Coombs, Jas L. Atwood, H. J. Hutchinson, Lewis Lander, Wm H. Gilmore,
Edwin R. Small, Webster Nevins, Samuel H. Goody, Chas F. Edgecomb, Thos

B. Fish, Jos. S. Potter, Chas H. Keopka, John W. Dufton, John H. Potter,
Frank H. Abbott, Elbridge G. Rideout, Simeon W. Goodwin, John H.
Tomlinson, Wm A. Lewis, H. M. Harmon, Freeman C. Hall, L. R. Ross,
Albion Chase, Nathaniel R. Williams, L. B, Burrill, Wm Parkin, Geo. H.
Whittier, Pennell P. Woodard, Fred C. Worth, Geo. W. Jordan, Hibbert
Lockhart, Chas W. Girard, John Cornish, Millard C. Webber, Aaron H.
Goodwin, Thos F. Millett, Benjamin F. Christopher, Robert N. Barbrick,
Wilbur H. Judkins, Enoch Tibbetts, E. A. Durille, Benjamin W. Card, Alfred
D. Sawyer, George W. Curtis, Cyril O. Abell, Charles L. Osborne, C. W.
Girard, Wm H. Douglass, James A. Underwood, James H. Eacott, Jr, H.
W. Pike, Daniel Fessenden, W. E. Plummer, C. F. A. Stuebing, Otis S. White,
Fenton Haigh, George Canham, George Turnbull, K. M. Small, John Rawstrom,
Wm E. Stevens, A. J. Small, F. E. Greissenger, George W. Beal, F. A. Jordan,
W. F. Rogers, Samuel W. Smith. The Past Masters have been : Tobias T.
Goddard, Horace C. White, Simeon Stone, O. R. Small, George W. Coombs,
Samuel J. White, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Otis S. Vining, Simeon Stone, Alonzo S.
Purinton, Millard C. Webber, James W. Card, James A. LTnderwood. The
meetings are held on the Mondays on or immediately before the full moon, in
Masonic Hall, Perkin Block, Main street.

Webster Lodge, No. 164, ^'- # -4- M., Sahath. — lw the winter of 1870-71
Luther Lombard, Stetson L, Hill, Bradford D. Farnham, John Shore, Cyrus
Hackett, Calvin D. Bubier, Frank E. Sleeper, Eugene D. Greenleaf, being
desirous of establishing a lodge of Masonry at Sabatis, and believing that good
work in extending Masonic influence in the vicinity would be done thereby,
secured 'the co-operation of Andrew J. Harris, H. S. Harris, and James H.
Thompson, of (ireene, and Joseph G. Bragg, Augustus C. Frost, and Stephen

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 255

R. Raynes, of Wales, in sending a petition for the organization of a lodge here.
In answer, M. W. John H. Lynde, then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of
Maine, granted a dispensation, empowering theni to form and open a lodge in
Webster, and appointing Bro. Frank E. Sleeper, first Master; Stetson L. Hill,
first Senior Warden; and Bradford D. Farnham, first Junior Warden. Bro.
Frank E. Sleeper was a native of Lewiston, a graduate of the first class of
Bates College, and of Maine Medical School, and had recently located in Sabatis
as a physician. He was 24 years of age, and a member of Ashlar Lodge, Lew-
iston. He was the mainspring in organizing and regulating the lodge, and to
his energy and tact it is largely indebted for the many complimentar}^ notices
from the several district deputies and other visitors who have witnessed its
work. He has held, among others, these Masonic offices : Master of Webster
Lodge 10 3^ears, District Deputy Grand Master three years. Senior Grand War-
den, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Master of Masons in Maine (by unanimous
election serving two terms), and is Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge, High
Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal Arch
Chapter of Maine and its Grand Lecturer, Thrice Illustrious Master of Dunlap
Council Royal and Select Masters, Commander of Lewiston Commandery
Knights Templar, Grand Lecturer of the Grand Commandery, and Thrice
Potent Grand Master of Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R. He is author
of the monitorial portion of the "Maine Ro3^al Arch Text-book," authorized
text-book for chapters in Maine. Bro. Stetson L. Hill was a native of Web-
ster, and a member of Tianquil Lodge, Auburn. He studied law with his
father, Jacob Hill, had followed that profession for several years, and was about
50 years of age, and the owner of considerable property. Bro. Bradford D.
Farnham, belonging to Ashlar Lodge, Lewiston, was junior })artner in the firm
of Davis & Farnham, merchants. He never attended a lodge meeting, as he
moved from town. Bro. Luther Lombard, a native of Wales, had been a resi-
dent of Sabatis for 30 years, and was engaged in farming, owning quite an
extensive property. Capt. Lombard received his degrees in Philadelphia, Pa.
He was one of the most active and efficient members. liro. Joseph G. Bragg
was a member of Monmouth Lodge, a ship-joiner by trade, but farming in
Wales. He was one of our most highly esteemed members. Bro. John Shore
was a native of Yorkshire, England, a wool-carder in charge of the carding-
room of the Webster Woolen Mill. Bro. Shore was 41 years of age, a member
of Ashlar Lodge, and a just and upright man. He was of great assistance to
the lodge, and his removal to Lisbon was greatly regretted. Bro. Eugene D.
Greenleaf was a graduate of Harvard, and agent of Webster Woolen Mill. He
removed to Boston three years later, remaining^ however, a member of the
lodge. Bro. Calvin D. Bubier, a native of Lewiston, 35 years of age, was a
clerk of Davis & Farnham. He received his degrees in Princeton. Bro.
Augustus C. Frost was 27 years of age, and a member of Morning Star Lodge

25G History of Androscoggin County.

of Litchfield. Though living at a great distance he set an excellent example
of punctuality. Bro. Cyrus Hackett, aged 49, was a native of Greene, a mill-
wright and a member of Tranquil Lodge.

Perhaps a more rusty body of Masons never gathered together, but all
went to work with energy, and under Bro. Sleeper's instruction rapid progress
was made. Previous to organization, they met frequently in secure places to
practice Masonic work, thus enabling them to acquit themselves very well at
the first communication of the lodge. Bro. Luther Lombard advanced 1300,
taking the joint note of the other members as security. This note was after-
wards signed by several of the first admitted members. With this money the
brethren leased, finished, painted, and furnished the second story of the
school-house in Sabatis, making a neat and tasty hall, and September 23,
1871, held the first stated communication. At this meeting Bro. Sleeper
congratulated the lodge on the excellent progress made, promising the
continuance of his own exertions, requesting earnest endeavors by the others,
and predicting a useful future. Two applications were received. October 28,
1871, four applications were received, the two previous applicants accepted,
and Edwin H. Johnson initiated. At the next meeting the members' dues
were fixed at two dollars, and the Master appointed these officers: Luther
Lombard, Treas.; Eugene D. Greenleaf, Sec; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Augustus
C. Frost, S. D.; Cyrus Ilackett, J. D. ; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; John Shore, J. S.;

A. J. Harris, Sent. ; W. B. Cutler, T3der. The lodge was officially visited by

B. W. Dura Bradford, 1). D. G. M., February 20, 1872. There were many
visitors present. After witnessing work in the second degree, Bro. Bradford
complimented the officers very highly. April 20, 1872, the lodge voted to
petition for a charter; a code of by-laws was acce[)ted, and ordered to be
submitted to tlie Grand Lodge for approval.

Authority having been obtained June 15, 1872, tlie lodge elected: Frank
E. Sleeper, W. M.; Stetson L. Hill, S. W. ; J. G. Bragg, J. W.; Luther Lombard,
Treas.: Alden S. Potter, Sec. Eleven brethren who had taken their degrees
in this lodge were admitted to membership, and a committee apj)ointed to make
arrangements for constituting Webster Lodge. August 1, 1872, M. W. David
Cargill, G. M., assisted by Bro. Eaton, of United Lodge No. 8, of Brunswick,
as Sen. G. W., Bro. Geo. Swift, of Acacia Lodge No. 121, of Durham, as Jun.
G. W., Bro. Chase, of Morning Star Lodge No. 141, of Litchfield, as Grand
Chaplain, and Bro. Warren Phillips, of Portland, Grand Tyler, dedicated and
constituted Webster Lodge, No, 164, after which the M. W. G. M. publicly
installed the officers. January 0, 1873, the officers were re-elected (except E. D.
(ireenleaf, chosen secretary), and installed by R. W. Joseph M. Hayes, D. D.
G. M. of the Fourteenth Masonic District (to which the lodge was assigned
November 6, 1872), assisted by W. James B. Westcott of Solar Lodge, No. 14,
Bath, as Grand Marshal.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 257

January 1, 1874, were elected: F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; A. C. Frost, S. W.;
J. G. Bragg, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; Stetson L. Hill, Sec; and they were
installed by Wor. Bro. Geo. S. Woodman, assisted by Geo. C. Wing. In May
liro. Sleeper was appointed D. D. G. M., and for the remainder of the year the
Master's station was filled by the Senior Warden, although Bro. Sleeper
attended the meetings and took an active part.

January 21, 1875, choice was made of A. C. Frost, W. M.; Jos. G. Bragg, S.
W. ; Edwin H. Johnson, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. Feb-
ruary 13 these officers were publicly installed by R. W. Bro. F. E. Sleeper, D.
D. G. M. This year the annual meeting was changed, and December 9, 1875,
were chosen: Edwin H. Johnson, W. M. ; James F. Heney, S. W.; Retiah D.
Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. They were publicly
installed by K. W. Frank E. Sleeper. June, 1876, II. W. Simeon Stone, D. D.
G. M., visited the lodge, witnessed work in the M. M. degree, and compli-
mented the lodge very highly for its proficiency in the ritual. The note
against the lodge was paid this year, and committed to the flames — a most
acceptable burnt offering to the Masonic "goat." December 25, 1876, were
elected: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; R. D. Jones, J. W.;
L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec. They were publicly installed January
4, 1877, by R. W. Fessenden L Day, assisted by Archie L. Talbot. The instal-
lation services were followed by a collation and sociable.

May 1, 1877, Webster Lodge buried Bro. James Keates. Bro. Keates was
an Englishman, 49 years of age, and a wool-spinner. He was an interested
and active member and a much-esteemed citizen. The lodge was officially
visited during the year by R. W. Simeon Stone, who highly complimented it
on its accuracy in the third degree. This commendation was highly valued.
Soon after, the lodge accepted Bro. Stone's invitation and visited him at
Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon Falls. December 20, 1877, officers were chosen:
F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W. ; R. D. Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard,
Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; who were publicly installed January 16, 1878.

January 17, 1878, a board of trustees of the charity fund was selected and
duly organized. A list of all property of the lodge was made, and March 14,
1878, transferred to its custody. December 5, 1878, were chosen : F. E. Sleeper,
W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; A. S. Potter, J. W.; L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C.
Billings, Sec They were publicly installed by R. W. Augustus Callahan,
P. M., of Tranquil Lodge, after which a supper was served at the Sabatis House,
followed by a sociable at the hall. March 5, 1879, Masonic honors were paid to
the remains of Bro. James F. Heney, conveyed to Biddeford. Bro. Heney was
46 years of age, English by birth, and a weaver. In 1872 he received the
degrees in Webster Lodge and remained an active and efficient member. With
his death originated the relief fund of the lodge. About this time the lodge
procured an album and has made efforts to secure photographs of the brethren,

258 History of Androscoggin County.

but many pages are yet empty. June 24, 1879, Webster Lodge, joining with
Rabboni Lodge, attended the celebration of St John's Day, at Portland.

The annual communication of 1 879 falling on Christmas, evening, the lodge
was duly opened and called to refreshment to allow the brethren to attend a
Christmas festival at the Free Baptist church. Later in the evening the officers
were re-elected, and on New-Year's eve they were publicly installed by R. W.
F. I. Day, assisted by R. W. Augustus Callahan. After supper, served by Bro.

A. S. Potter, of the Sabatis House, Bro. Callahan gave an instructive lecture
on Masonry. Nothing worthy of note took place in 1880-1881. Not an
application was received. December 16, 1880, showed -tl 77.48 in the treasury,
and a charity fund of -1105. Chose Frank E. Sleeper, W. M. ; R. D. Jones,
S. W. ; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec.

1881 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; Jas. G.
Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec. ; A. S. Potter,
Chap.; Jos. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G. Thomas, J. D.;

B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; L N. Spofford, Sent.; Herman
Amback, Tyler. 1882 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones,
S. W.; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec;
Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G.
Thomas, J. D.; B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S. ; Herman Amback,
Sent.; Joseph Heck, Tyler. January 31, in the presence of a very large
company, many visitors being present from adjacent lodges, the officers were
publicly installed. A Past Master's jewel was presented to Worthy Bro.
Sleeper by the lodge, and a beautiful steel engraving was given to the lodge
by its lady friends. 1883 — Brothers Sleeper and Lombard positively declining
re-election, the following officers were chosen: Retiah D. Jones, W. M. ;
Judson Bangs, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C.
Billings, Sec; Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; W. H.
Wright, S. D.; John W. Wood, J. D.; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; H. Amback, J. S.;
F. E. Marr, Sent.; C. C. Getchell, Tyler. 1884 — officers: Judson Bangs,
W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W. ; E. G. Thomas, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.;
T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; J. W. Wood,
S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H. Amback, S. S. ; F^E. Marr, J. S.; Gustave
Graichen, Tyler. Publicly installed February 6 by R. W. Fessenden I. Day,
over sixty visitors being present from Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon, besides
many from Ashlar, Rabboni, Tranquil, Tyrian, and other lodges. Bro. Billings
was presented with an elegant gold pen, a stylographic pen, and a set of cut-
glass inkstands by the members.

1885 — officers: Judson Bangs, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; E. G.
Thomas, J. W. ; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones,
Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal ; J. W. Wood, S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H.
Amback, S. S.; F. E. Marr, J. S. ; G. Graichen, Tyler. July 8 the lodge

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 259

buried its oldest charter member, Bro. Luther Lombard, its Treasurer con-
tinuously for ten years. 1886 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; F. E.
Marr, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; Jas G. Jordan, Treas. ; T. C. Billings,
Sec; J. W. Wood, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; C. C. Getchell, S. D.; E. G.
Thomas, J. D.; H. Amback,. S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; G. Graichen, Tyler.
January 22 they were publicly installed by M. W. Fessenden L Day, Grand
Master. Bro. Sleeper, being Deputy Grand Master, accepted the office of
Master only upon the earnest solicitation of his brethren and the Grand
Master. 1887 — officers: Jos. G. Bragg, W. M.; F. E. Marr, S. W. ; Chas C.
Getchell, J. W. : J. G. Jordan, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones,
Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; H. Amback, J. D. ;
G. Graichen, J. S.; A. D. Ames, Tyler. September 23 Bro. John W.
McFarland was buried by the lodge. 1888 — officers same as 1887. They
were publicly installed on February 29 by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper.

1889 — officers: Frank E. Marr, W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W.; H.
Amback, J. W.; J. G. Jordan, Treas.; Judson Bangs, Sec; R. D. Jones,
Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; T. C. Billings, S. D.; L N. Spofford, J. D.;
George W. Jordan, S. S.; A. D. Ames, J. S.; Fred Dodson, Tyler. They
were publicly installed by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper January 4. On
June 17 the lodge vacated the hall over the mill of Bro. R. I). Jones,
which it had occupied for seven years. 1890 — officers same as 1889, except

C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Officers installed by Past Master Bangs, in the hall
of the Golden Cross. This year died Bro. Oren A. Jordan. November 20 the
lodge entered into its new hall — the upjjcr part of the building erected for
a post-office and store by Bro. E. Woodside. 1891 — officers: Judson Bangs,
W. M.; T. C. Billings, S. W.; L N. Spofford, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.;
J. G. Jordan, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Edwin
Woodside, S. D.; Geo. W. Jordan, J. D.; C. A. Amback, S. S.; C. A. Dins-
more, J. S.; C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Publicly installed by Past Grand Master
Sleeper, February 6. May 7 Judson Bangs, the present master, was appointed

D. D. G. M.

The number of members April, 1891, was 45. From its formation 43 have
been initiated, eight received from other lodges, which makes the whole number
of members 60. Six have died and nine dimitted. A steady growth has been
made, and an interest maintained which, considering the small territory of the
jurisdiction, has been remarkable, and the lodge has been noted for the excel-
lence of its work, which has caused frequent visits from other lodges. It is in a
prosperous condition, and owns one of the best lots in the village, where, when
the ten years of its present lease expires, it hopes to have a home of its own.

Reuel Washburn Lodge, F. ^ A. iHf., No. 181, Livermore Falls, held its
first meeting under dispensation May 10, 1876, in Masons' Hall, on Depot
street. There were present Wor. Levi H. Daggett, W. M.; W. H. Wood,

260 History of Androscoggin County.

S. W.; Frank Garcelon as J. W. (A. G. French being absent); and the
Master appointed Winfield S. Treat, Treas.; George O. Eustis, Sec. ; Ensign
S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; Rev. Phineas Bond, Chap.; Chas L.
Eustis, S. S.; John C. Eaton, J. S.; A. C. Otis, Marshal; S. J. Burgess, Tyler.
There were also present Bros. Chas H. Cram, A. R. Millett, Albert Allen, and
some visiting brethren. Committees were appointed to draft constitution and
by-laws, to loan -f 200 to procure jewels and furniture, and to arrange for hall.
Alonzo M. Bumpus and Sullivan Newman made applications for admittance,
and at the next meeting Newman was initiated. The new lodge starts in
prosperously, numerous applications being received and much good work
done. From the number of rejections a very high standard was established
for the lodge. November 8 voted to lease the hall one year for $20, and to
purchase two dozen chairs. January 10, 1877, R. W. Fessenden I. Day,
I). D. G. M., made an official visit. A special meeting was held, January 29,
for exemplification of the work on the third degree by D. D. G. M. Day. April
11 it was voted to apply to the Grand Lodge for a charter, and Levi H.
Daggett, W. H. Wood, A. G. French, C. L. Eustis, George O. Eustis, W. S.
Treat, J. C. Eaton, Abel Prescott, S. J. Burgess, E. S. Goding, and Elijah
Wadsworth were chosen representatives to the Grand Lodge. May 9 the
secretary records: "Unable to hold our regular monthly communication
to-day as the Grand Secretary has not returned our dispensation." June 13
accepted the invitation to attend the dedication of the hall of Oriental Star
Lodge, June 21; also voted "that this lodge be constituted and officers
installed June 21," and committees were chosen to make arrangements,' and to
provide refreshments and entertainment for the officers of the Grand Lodge.
Officers for the ensuing year were chosen: W. H. Wood, W. M.; A. G.
French, S. W.; Frank Garcelon, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. Treat,
Sec; E. S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; C. L. Eustis, S. S. ; John C.
Eaton, J. S.; S. J. Burgess, Marshal; Albert Allen, Tyler. A committee was
appointed to obtain a portrait of our esteemed brother, Reuel Washburn.

June 21, 1877, was a great and a gala day. Authority had been granted
to the lodge to appear in public procession at the dedication of the Masonic
hall of Oriental Star Lodge, and a large number of the members were escorted
by Oriental Star Lodge to its hall. After the ceremonies they were escorted
to refreshments, then to a grove where M. W. Josiah H. Drummond gave
an eloquent oration. Li the evening Reuel Washburn Lodge was duly con-
stituted, and its officers publicly installed at the Baptist church by M. W.
Edward P. Burnham, Grand Master, assisted by other officers of the Grand
Lodge. The charter now received (granted May 3, 1877,) declared the pre-
cedence of the lodge to commence from May 4, 1876. The charter members
were: Frank Garcelon, Stephen J. Burgess, Wm H. Wood, W. S. Treat, Elijah
Wadsworth, Albert Allen, George O. Eustis, T. Everett Eustis, Roswell C.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 261

Boothby, Henry D. Parker, Alvin Record, Charles H. Cram, Augustus L.
Young, John C. Eaton, Charles L. Eustis, J. W. Eaton, Alanson C. Otis,
Matthew M. Stone, Levi H. Daggett, Alexander O. Nelson, G. O. Foye, Ensign
S. Goding, Wm W. Noyes, Albion R. Millett, John B. Drake, Chas B. Knapp,
Thomas F. Palmer, Albert G. French, Joseph Brown, Sullivan Newman,
Charles W. Brown, Henry A. Strout, Abel Prescott, David C. Searles, Prince
E. Hinds, Alonzo M. Bunipus.

July 11 the annual meeting was changed to June, and the lodge received
the following letter from the venerated brother whose name it bears: —

To the Worshipful Master, etc.— I was very sorry that I could not be witli you last
evening at the consecration of your lodge, but at my age, and with my infirmities, at the
late hour of your meeting I must have denied myself the pleasure of being present, even
if the weather had been pleasant, but stormy as it was it would have been presumptuous
folly to have undertaken it. You know how much I lamented your withdrawal from Oriental
Star Lodge, and if I could have persuaded you to remain would gladly have done so; but
as you decided otherwise I wish you abundant success, and, to this end I expect you to be true
and faithful to the high trust and responsibility you have assumed. You cannot reasonably
expect success without working for and deserving it. Be honorable and honest in all your
dealings and business transactions with each other and with the world, and demonstrate
by example that you are better men for being good Masons. Guard well the outer door
and be wise in the acceptance of worthy applicants for the honors of Masonery and firm
in rejecting the unworthy. Be kind and courteous to neighboring lodges, respecting their
rights as well as your own. If you have work to do be prepared to do it promptly, correctly,
and creditably. The importance of making a good and favorable impression upon the
candidate when receiving the degrees cannot be overestimated. If you have no work to
do, remember and regard the admonition of our most excellent Past Grand Master Josiah
H. Drummond, to assemble yourselves together at your stated communications socially, as
friends and brothers spread the cement of brotherly love and aflection, learn the lectures
and the work, study and practice the teachings of our ancient and honorable institution,
and you will not materially err; you will have your reward — the approval and blessing
of your God. Farewell. Reuel Washburn.

North Livermore, June 22, 1877.

Friday, March 8, 1878, united with Oriental Star Lodge in conferring the
last honors of masonry on the remains of this honored Mason, and March 13
a committee was appointed to draft resolutions on his death. June 12 the
death of Bro. E. N. Wheeler reported, and officers elected. W. H. Wood, W.
M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S.
Treat, Sec; L. P. Gould, Chap.; R. C. Boothby, S. D.; P. E. Hinds, J. D.
The officers were installed July 10. March 12, 1879, voted to attend the
celebration of St John's Day at Portland. Officers for 1879-80 : W. H. Wood,
W. M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S.
Treat, Sec; C. B. Knapp, Chap. June 24 was passed pleasantly at Portland,
as the secretary records "having had a big time." In 1880 the lodge was
reported as "nearly out of debt." Frank Garcelon was elected W. M.; R. C.

262 History of Androscogoin County.

Boothby, S. W.; Alonzo M. Bunipus, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B.
Knapp, Sec. They were installed by R. W. David Cargill, P. G. M., July 19.
October 13 voted to attend a celebration of Wilton Lodge, October 21. Feb-
ruary 9, 1881, R. W. C. R. Whitten, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. He
was "much pleased to see such good work." May 11 voted "to allow the Odd
Fellows the use of our hall for meetings." Officers elected June 8 were pub-
licly installed June 24 by A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M.; Frank Garcelon, W. M.;
R. C. Boothby, S. W.; A. M. Bumpus, J. W.; Rev. G. L. Burbank, Chap.;
M. M. Stone, Treas. ; C. B. Knapp, Sec. September 26 lodge attended memo-
rial exercises in honor of the late President James A. Garfield.

The first meeting in the new Masonic Hall in Treat's Block was held Jan-
uary 4, 1882, and it was voted to furnish it at an expense of $250. March 1
D. D. G. M. Algernon M. Roak visited the lodge officially, and complimented
it on its correct work and its neat and commodious hall. June 28 were elected
and installed the officers for the ensuing year: R. C. Boothby, W. M. ; A. M.
Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W. ; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B. Knapp, Sec;
G. L. Burbank, Chap. June 20, 1883, election of officers : R. C. Boothby,
W. M.; A. M. Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W.; J. A. Rich, Treas.; E. S.
Coding, Sec; David Cargill, Chap. February 15, 1884, official visit of D. D.
G. M. N. U. Hinkley, who exemplified work on the third degree. March 15
the death of Bro. M. M. Stone, so long treasurer, was reported. May 29 the
lodge conducted the funeral services of Bro. John W. Eaton. June 4 elected
officers: A. M. Bumpus, W. M.; D. C. Searles, S. W. ; W. S. Treat, J. W.;
David Cargill, Chap.; E. S. Coding, Sec; J. A. Rich, Treas. June 24, 1885,
were elected the same officers as last year except that R. C. Boothby was made
tyler. Public installation July 1, R. C. Boothby, P. M., installing officer.
January 20, 1886, a contribution was sent to the sufferers by the Galveston,
Texas, fire. June 10 election of officers: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat,
S. W.; H. W. Bailey, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; J. A. Record, Sec; David
Cargill, Chap. December 15 funeral of Bro. C. S. Hutchins. March 9, 1887,
D. D. G. M. Geo. S. Woodman made an official visit. June 1 annual meeting.
Officers chosen: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat, S. W.; H. W. Bailey,
J. W.; R. C. Boothby, Sec; R. W. Weld, Treas. Public installation June 15,
P. M. R. C. Boothby, installing officer. After the installation Mrs S. J. Burgess,
in behalf of ladies interested in the lodge, presented the brethren an elegant
Bible. A magnificent banquet followed. January 25, 1888, the death of Bro.
Albert G. French was reported. June 20 elected W. S. Treat, W. M.; H. W.
Bailey, S. W.; H. H. Dyke, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C. Boothby, Sec.
June 30 they were publicly installed, David Cargill, P. G. M., officiating.
August 15 the death of Bro. H. H. White was reported. June 11, 1889,
attended the funeral of Dr Albion R. Millett, a worthy brother. July 10 were
installed the officers-elect: W. S. Treat, W. M.; Henry W. Bailey, S. W.;

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 263

Davilla S. Thompson, J. W.; Roswell C. Boothby, Sec; Stephen J. Burgess,
Marshal; David Cargill, Chap.; Clinton Newman, Tyler. April 8, 1890, R. C.
Boothby, having been made I). D. G. M., visited the lodge oflicially and made
corrections in the work. May 28, 1890, officers elected: D. S. Thompson,
W. M.; R. M. Maxim, S. W.; J. G. Ham, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C.
Boothby, Sec. Public installation June 10, P. M. W. S. Treat officiating.
February 18, 1891, the third degree was conferred by the officers of Oriental
Star Lodge. April 22 the death of Bro. Sullivan Newman was reported. The
lodge June 1, 1891, has 95 members, is practically free from debt, with
brotherly love existing among the craftsmen, and the prospect that much
benefit will be realized through its labors.

Androscoggin Chapter of R. A. M, No. o4-, Liocrmort' Falh, was instituted
in 1871 at Canton. A petition signed by 13 R. A. Masons, recommended by
King Hiram Chapter of Lewiston, was forwarded to M. E. Stephen J. Young,
G. H. P., asking for a dispensation, which was granted January 21, 1871, to
Hiram A. Ellis, Charles A. Coolidge, Otis Playford, Jr, John D. Hodge, R. E.
Hathaway, Gideon Ellis, and George W. Moore of Cant6n, H. T. Gleason, J.
H. Gleason, P. M. Edwards, and John H. Ellis of Mexico, H. F. Howard of
Dixfield, Wm H. H. Wood of Livermore Falls. The officers named were :
Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; John H. Ellis, Scribe. The
chapter was opened January 30, 1871, at Masonic Hall in Canton, which had
been erected the previous summer for this purpose, and duly organized, with
these officers: M. E. Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; ex-Comps. John D. Hodge,
King; John H. Ellis, Scribe; Comps. Henry F. Howard, Treas.; Hiram A.
Ellis, Sec. ; C. T. Gleason, P. S. ; George W. Moore, C. H. ; Charles A. Cool-
idge, R. A. C. ; C. E. Philoon, M. 3d V. ; R. E. Hathaway, M. 2d V. ; W. H. H.
Wood, M, 1st v.; P. M. Edmunds, Sent. It received its charter, dated May
3, 1871, June 26, 1871, when these officers were chosen : M. E. Otis Hayford,
H. P. ; John D. Hodge, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ;
Hiram A. Ellis, Sec. October 6 there were present M. E. Stephen J. Young,
G. H. P. ; Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. ; Comp. Dura Bradford as G. C. ;
Comp. Geo. W. Moore as G. C. of H., and the chapter was duly constituted,
after which the above officers were installed by M. E. Stephen J. Young, G.
H. P., as were also these appointed officers : Geo. W. Moore, C. H. ; Wm H.
H. Washburn, P. S. ; C. A. Coolidge, R. A. C. ; C. S. Brown, M. 3d V. ; Wm
K. Decoster, M. 2d V.; John N. Read, M. 1st V.; Isaac A. Ellis, S. S.; C. E.
Philoon, J. S.; Rev. O. H. Johnson, Chap.; F. M. Mayo, Sent.

August 15, 1872, Masonic Hall, Canton, was dedicated, these taking part
Oriental Star Lodge, No. 21, Livermore ; King Hiram Lodge, No. 57, Dixfield
Nezinscot Lodge, No. 101, Turner; Evening Star Lodge, No. 147, Buckfield
Whitney Lodge, No. 167, Canton ; Androscoggin R. A. Chapter ; Grand Lodge
of Maine, M. W. David Cargill, G. M.; Grand Chapter of Maine, M. E. John

264 History of Androscoggin County.

W. Ballou, G. H. P. Comp. Gideon Ellis, the oldest member of the chapter,
died November 1, 1872, in his 77th year. December, 1873, Comp. Gilbert L.
Heald died. January 1, 1876, the chapter had 60 members; the following
from this county: Wm H. H. Wood, Frank Garcelon, Elijah and Marshman
E. Wardsvvorth, Roswell C. Boothhy, Livermore Falls ; Welcome F. Fuller and
Henry Clay Munson, Turner; Charles Jones, Livermore. P^lected officers:
June 17, 1872, Otis Hayford, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; Dura Bradford,
Scribe; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 9, 1873, John D.
Hodge, H. P.; Dura Bradford, King; George W. Moore, Scribe; Oscar Hay-
ford, Treas.; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 29, 1874, M. E. Dura Bradford, H. P.;
W. H. Washburn, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H.
A. Ellis, Sec. June 14, 1875, the only change is that of Otis Hayford, Sec.

For some years the chapter was prosperous, then interest waxed cold, pay-
ment of dues was neglected, only a faithful few preserved its vitality, and the
roll of the officers would be very nearly the annual repetition of their names.
Things grew from bad to worse as the years wore on. In 1887 the chapter was
holding its meetings in the hall of the brick store, as the old Masonic Hall was
let and occupied for other than Masonic purposes since the fire of January 28,
1887, and in October a chapter was opened. Finding the old hall not in con-
dition to hold said meeting, it was voted to act with Whitney Lodge to see
what should be done with the furniture and other fixtures, and to see what
arrangements could be made with the lodge to use said hall in common with
the lodge; also voted to write for a dispensation to elect officers at the regular
convocation in November, having failed to do so at the annual meeting.
November 28, Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, was chosen H. P.; Thos. Raymond, King;
A.Delano, Scribe; James H. Burbank, Treas. Again the chapter failed to
elect officers, and August 20, 1888, a dispensation was again asked for, and the
visit of some grand officer with whom to consult was requested. The dispen-
sation was granted, and September 15 officers were elected, and October 15,
installed: Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, H. P.; Thos. Reynolds, King; John D. Hodge,
Scribe; E. R. Oldham, C. H.; C. M. Holland, R. A. C, with others. Decem-
ber 17 a convocation was held in Grange Hall, Canton, under a dispensation,
and a counsel was held with the Grand Scribe. At a later convocation 14
members were deprived of membership for arrearages of dues. April 15, 1889,
voted 18 to 1 in favor of removal to Livermore Falls.

The first meeting at Livermore Falls was the annual convocation, June 10,
1889. R. C. lioothby was chosen H. P. ; B. C. Waite, K. ; W. S. Treat, Scribe ;
who were installed by M. E. Dura Bradford, P. H. P. June 30, 1890, R. C.
Boothby was elected and installed H. P.; W. S. Treat, K. ; I). S. Thompson,
S. J. G. Ham was then appointed C. of H. ; E. Eaton, P. S. ; S. E. Perkins,
R. A. C. ; C. R. Loring, M. 3d V. ; E. S. Coding, M. 2d V. ; D. C. Searles, M.
1st V. Comp. David Cargill was made an honorary member. November 25

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 265

A. M. Roak, H. P. of Bradford Chapter, by request confers the R. A. degree
on several substitutes. There are now (Jun-e 1, 1891,) 54 members, seven
having been received the past year and one dimitted. In its new home the
chapter is in good condition, and bids fair to have a flourishing future. Among
its treasures the chapter cherishes a gavel made in Jerusalem ; the head is of
olive wood from Mt Olivet, the handle of wood grown on the banks of the
Jordan. This was a present from Rev. A. C. Herrick.

ODD FELLOWSHIP.

Manufacturers and Mechanies Lodge, No. 62, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was
instituted March 19, 1853, by D. G. M. John Read, assisted by J. B. Ham
as Grand Marshal, Ebenezer Ham as Grand Secretary, Stephen H. Read as
Grand Treasurer, Ham Brooks as Grand Warden. The petition was signed by
Jordan K. Piper, George Webb, E. D. Clark, George Latham, and Charles J.
Greene, all residents of Lewiston. It is not known when or where they joined
the order. The charter was granted by the Grand Lodge in July, 1853. The
lodge was unquestionably instituted in a small hall in the upper part of Jones's
Block, which was occupied by them for some time, renting it of a temperance
society who controlled it and subsequently leased it. The first officers installed
were: Geo. Webb, N. G.; Geo. Latham, V. G.; E. D. Clark, R. Sec; Charles
J. Green, Treas. Geo. W. Farr, Hermon L. Guild, Benj. Dexter, Hanson W.
Small, David S. Parker, and James Lewis were elected and initiated at the
meeting. This was the first lodge instituted in Lewiston, and entered upon a
season of unusual prosperity, additions being made to its membership at nearly
every meeting. This prosperity continued for several years; but from 1855
to 1861 the order in the state was suffering much from depletion in member-
ship owing, in a large measure, to the imperfect administration of its financial
affairs. At that time the relation between dues and weekly benefits was
not properly adjusted. During these years many of the lodges throughout the
country were financially ruined. The lodge was involved in the general depres-
sion, but continued to administer its affairs until September 20, 1858. From
that time until October 3, 1859, there are no records of any sessions. It met
October 10, 1859, in the hall over Keyes's store. This was on the northerly side
of Haymarket Square, the building next to the Frye house. This hall they
secured for $25 per annum. Subsequently another room for an anteroom was
leased for $5 per annum, which made comfortable and convenient rooms for a
short time. The installation of officers, October 21, 1859, was in the hall of
Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. They were installed by D. G. M. Nahura
Morrill, as follows : Geo. W. Farr, N. G. ; J. W. Hutchinson, V. G. ; E. D.
Johnson, Rec. Sec. ; George Webb, Treas. These rooms were soon too small,
and a committee was raised January 16, 1860, to ascertain if the lodge could
procure Cutter's Hall, which was obtained for t|55 per year, and January 25,

206 History of Androscoggin County.

1860, it was occupied, holding the first meeting January 30. The lodge did
some repairing in the hall, had it lighted with gas, and the floor neatly car-
peted. Prosperity was now assured. Accessions were made at almost every
meeting. In 1864, owing in a great measure to increase in membership, a
committee was appointed to secure a hall better adapted to their needs, and
sufiiciently large to give them ample accommodations. This reported Septem-
ber 28, 1864, in favor of rooms in Central Block. The lodge voted to occupy
the rooms, which were fitted up at an expense of #96.68, the carpet being paid
for by subscription. These were comfortable and convenient quarters, with
sufficient room for work, and the lodge was supplied with ample means to carry
on its charitable and fraternal labors. This hall was occupied until June,
1870. On Sunday morning, June 12, 1870, the westerly portion of Central
Block, which included Odd Fellows Hall, was destroyed. The lodge lost its
furniture, and the most of its paraphernalia. The loss was '$800, with an
insurance of -1500. From June 15 to September 14, 1870, the lodge held
weekly sessions in the hall of Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. At the first
session after the fire, June 15, the lodge chose Geo. A. Callahan, Warren E.
Pressey, and Geo. A. Drew to act with a committee of Androscoggin Lodge in
procuring and furnishing a new hall. Rooms were found in Union Block.
They were completed, fitted up, furnished, and formally delivered to the joint
committee, Tuesday evening, September 13, 1870, and were occupied by this
lodge on the following evening. The hall was also occupied by Andros-
coggin Lodge and Worombus Encampment. At this time Manufacturers and
Mechanics Lodge entered upon a period of marked prosperity. It has con-
stantly increased in numbers as well as influence, and is to-day among the
large and strong lodges of the state. Desiring larger and better accommoda-
tions, the lodge in connection with Golden Rule Lodge, leased the upper story
of Odd Fellows Block for the use of the order in this city. The expense to
this lodge in finishing and furnishing was about -f 1,500, and the members joined
with Golden Rule Lodge in the dedication, January 8, 1877, with pride and
satisfaction. The hall and adjoining rooms are among the best in the state and
are especially adapted to the needs of the lodge. They were occupied for the
first time by this lodge, in January, 1877. The lodge has expended for the
relief of its members about 'il'27,000, an average of more than -1700 per annum.
Its membership is 408. In 1872 Geo. A. Callahan of this lodge was elected
Grand Master, and filled the office with much satisfaction to the order
througliout the state. At the annual session of the Grand Lodge in 1873, he
was elected representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, where he acquired
a thorough knowledge of the work of the order, and undoubtedly did more
than any of his predecessors to perfect it among the lodges of this jurisdiction.
Golden Mule Lodge, No. 73, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was instituted September
26, 1873, by Grand M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by Grand Sec. Joshua Davis,

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 267

Past Grand Masters Benjamin Kingsbury and J. E. Haseltine. The charter
members were George A. Callahan, Silas W. Cook, George A. Drew, George
W. Maxfield, Arthur S. Melcher, Fred A. Hall, Eben J. Atwood, Samuel O.
Wood, Edwin Wakefield, Ai Brooks, Abel D. Cook, Isaac H. Estes, Milton C.
Wedgwood, Wm F. Garcelon, Thos W. Murch, Thos A. Eastman. Eleven of
them came from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, and five from Andros-
coggin Lodge of Auburn. The following were initiated in Manufacturers and
Mechanics Lodge: George A. Callahan, February 18, 1863; Silas W. Cook,
January 31, 1872; George A. Drew, June 19, 1869; George W. Maxfield,
February 5, 1867; Arthur S. Melcher, February 19, 1873; Fred A. Hall,
February 19, 1873 ; Eben J. Atwood, May 4, 1869 ; S. O. Wood, May 21,
1873; Edwin Wakefield, February 27, 1872; A. D. Cook, August 6, 1873; L
H. Estes, May 31, 1871 ; and the following in Androscoggin Lodge : William
F. Garcelon, January 10, 1870; M. C. Wedgwood, October 3, 1870; Ai
Brooks, May 17, 1869; T. W. Murch, January 23, 1871; T. A. Eastman,
March 25, 1872. The grand officers installed Ai Brooks, N. G.; S. W. Cook,
V. G.; S. O. Wood, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall, P. Sec; and T. W. Murch,
Treas. The charter was granted August 11, 1874. The lodge purchased one-
half of the furniture and paraphernalia of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge,
and became joint tenant of its hall, where it held weekly sessions until January
11, 1877, when it occupied its present rooms in Odd Fellows Block. At this
session, the first in the new hall, these officers were publicly installed: Thos H.
Jordan, N. G.; D. Horace Holman, V. G,; J. G. Elder, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall,
P. Sec; L. C. Peck, Treas. This hall was jointly fitted up by Manufacturers
and Mechanics Lodge and this lodge, at an expense of |3,000. It contains a hall
for regular sessions, a banquet hall, and several anterooms. The hall was pub-
licly dedicated January, 1877, by G. M. Stephen K. Dyer. In his communication
to the Grand Lodge, held in Portland, August 14, 1877, the Grand Master said:

January 8, 1877, I visited Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, No. 62, and Golden Rule
Lodge, No. 73, in the city of Lewiston. Assisted by S. P. Getchell, G. M., Chas H.
Blake, G. Chap., J. E. Haseltine and J. N. Read, P. G. Representatives, and Past Grands
A. D. Smith, 0. G. Douglass, and S. W. Cook, I publicly dedicated their beautiful hall, one
of the largest and finest in the state, and I congratulated the brethren upon the prosperity
that has attended them in thus pi'oviding themselves with such a comfortable home. At
the conclusion of the dedicatory service we had the pleasure of listening to an able address
delivered by Rev. Bro. Bolton, which added much to the interest of the occasion.

The officers were publicly installed by the Grand Master, January 7, 1878.
This was the first installation by the Grand Master, and we quote from his
annual communication to the Grand Lodge his reference to it: —

January 7, in the presence of a large assembly of invited friends, with the assistance of
the Grand Marshal and Past Grands Pressey, Snow, and Cook, I installed the officers of

268 History of Androscoggin County.

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 73, at Lewiston. Here I found Odd Fellowship in its most luxu-
riant growth. Our brethren here had prepared a rich and bounteous banquet in the
commodious anterooms of their beautiful hall, to which at the close of the installation
ceremony, all present were invited. The warm greeting the ofiflcers of the Grand Lodge
received will never be forgotten.

At the annual session of the Grand Lodge held at Auburn, August 8, 1882,
Silas W. Cook of this lodge was elected Grand Master and held the position
with honor to himself and fidelity to the order. In 1883 he was elected repre-
sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, and held the office for two years.
Geo. W. Goss was elected Grand Master at the session of the Grand Lodge
held in Portland, August 9, 1887. He was an able officer and served with
much acceptance. In 1888 he was elected representative to the Sovereign
Grand Lodge, holding the office for two years and occupying positions upon
important committees. The lodge has expended more than 'if!l2,000 in relief of
its members, and is in a prosperous condition, with a merabershijD of 250.

Worombus Encampment^ No. 13, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston. — The warrant for the
institution of Worombus Encampment was dated April 25, 1848, and signed by
Benjamin Kingsbury, G. P., and Nathaniel F. Deering, G. S. The petitioners
were J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, Elisha Turner, Benjamin Dunn, Temple Tib-
betts. Nelson B. Reynolds, Uriah Read, Levi A. Gould, and William T. Plaisted.
The institution took place at Odd Fellows Hall in Auburn, April 27, 1848,
under the direction of Nathaniel F. Deering, Acting G. P. ; Edward P. Banks,
Acting G. H. P.; Wm E. Kimball, G. S. W. ; Fred W. Nichols, Acting G. S.;
Nathaniel Walker, Acting G. T. After the institution of the encampment
these patriarchs were elected and installed : Levi A. Gould, J. W. ; Elisha
Turner, Treas. ; Benjamin Dunn, Scribe; S. P. Gorham, S. W. ; N.B.Reynolds,
H. P.; J. C. Lane, C. P.; W. T. Plaisted, G. ; Temple Tibbetts, S. W. ; Uriah
Read, T. W. In the evening Geo. W. Foss, Dan Read, 3d, Almon C. Pray,
Stephen Blethen, Daniel B. Hawks, and Ai Brooks received the degrees.

The encampment experienced usual prosperity, holding regular sessions
until August 10, 1857. Then followed a period of great depression, from
which the order throughout the country suffered. It was largely occasioned
by the false basis on which the financial principles of the order rested. From
the above date until January 26, 1869, no session was held. The charter had
not been recalled, having been cared for by some of the members. The few
patriarchs who remained in the vicinity were anxious to have the encampment
revived, and the officers of the Grand Encampment appointed a meeting for
January 26, 1869, and reorganized under the old charter. Not enough of the
old members could be found to constitute a quorum, and the grand officers
were compelled to initiate new members before the organization could be
perfected. The grand officers were: James E. Haseltine, G. P.; C. C.
Hayes, Acting G. H. P.; George A. Walden, G. S. W.; Charles H. Rich,

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 269

G. J. W.; George F. Mariner, G. S.; Charles B. Nash, G.T.; N. G. Cummings,
G. S. The officers were: Almon C. Pray, C. P.; Geo. A. Callahan, H. P.;
John Holt, S. W. ; C. S. Emerson, J. W. ; J. M. Cook, Scribe ; Frank H. Riggs,
Treas. With this new lease of life the encampment commenced a period of
usefulness and unremitted prosperity. It has now a large and steadily increas-
ing membership, and is bestowing its bounties as well as its charities to those
deserving. The past chief patriarchs are : J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, N. B.
Reynolds, Benjamin Dunn, Geo. W. Foss, Almon C. Pray, Samuel Stetson,
Everett H. Jones, Nahum Morrill, Dan Read, 3d, Uriah Read, John Holt, Geo.
A. Callahan, J. M. Cook, Geo. A. Drew, Wm F. Garcelon, Hiram Snow, Wm
Pulverman, Ai Brooks, J. D. Johnson, S. W. Cook, J. O. Nickerson, C. B.
Heath, Frank A. Conant, Thomas W. Murch, Arion C. Peirce, John L. Pea-
body, Melvin J. Googin, D. H. Holman, Thomas H. Jordan, Geo. W. Furbush,
J. G. Elder, Lewis C. Peck, Albert L. Wells, Geo. F. Turner, Chas H. Plobbs,
John S. Manson, Albion K. (3rdway, E. T. Hatch, L. P. Woodbury, Geo. W.
Goss, Chas H. Osgood, R. W. Clark, Fred L Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins,
Everett E. Read, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Thomas F. Palmer, James M. Sherman,
Robert W. Keist, Chas O. Morrell, E. O. Carll, J. E. Bailey, L. W. Daly.

Grand Canton Worombus, JVo. 1, I. 0. 0. F. — The organization of a
military branch of the order was a matter of special legislation by the
Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1885. In 1884 a special committee was appointed,
authorized to present a plan for such an organization at the next session of the
Sovereign Grand Lodge. The plan presented, with slight modifications, was
adopted at the session of 1885, a commanding officer elected, and measures
adopted to institute cantons throughout the United States. Inspired with the
belief that such an organization would give a healthful enthusiasm to the order,
some of the members in this communit}'' took measures to secure the institution
of one at Lewiston. The organization was perfected and a Grand Canton
instituted February 16, 1886, by Lieut-Gen. J. C. Underwood, assisted by
Lieut-Col Henry A. Cox as aide-de-camp. The officers were Henry M.
Sprague, Com.; Chandler H. Barron, Lieut; J. M. Sherman, E.; J. M.
Fernald, C. ; L. W. Daly, A. The charter members were : Oscar G. Douglass,
Leonard P. Woodbury, Geo. W. Goss, Geo. A. Callahan, Geo. A. Drew, Edgar
J. Riker, Arthur S. Melcher, John E. Miller, Lewis C. Peck, John Davis,
Geo. W. Maxlield, Geo. H. Harmon, Wm H. Roberts, James Cooper, Wm
Pulverman, Horace C. Beal, Dennis Harris, Chandler H. Barron, Rendall W.
Clark, Fred I. Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins, Israel B. Merrill, Rendall Dresser,
Eben W. Dresser, Chas F. Goss, Benjamin F. Getchell, Henry T. Haskell,
John Richardson, John L. Frost, Wm A. Shackford, Geo. W. Monk, Chas H.
Foster, Jas S. Randall, Albert B. Nealey, John L. Peabody, Jas M. Fernald,
Frank A. Conant, D. Horace Holman, Edwin Wakefield, Edward M. Lowell,
Phil P. Getchell, Geo. F. Turner, Henry M. Austin, Byron A. Bearce, Chas

270 History of Androscoggin County.

F. Cornish, Reuben M. Gordon, Chas W. Hill, Lucius C. Robbins, Palmer O.
Spinney, Geo. W. P'urbush, Albert A. Foss, J. Frank Pickering, Fred Olfene,
James O. Nickerson, Robert W. Keist, Jas M. Sherman, J. G. Elder, Herbert
A. Cole, Alvah Doten, Jas T. Small, Ivory D. Stevens, Chauncy B. White,
Fred G. Payne, Abner Linnell, Edwin O. Carll, John Corrigan, Edwin A.
Lane, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Samuel H. Foster, Lorenzo W. Daly, Edwin N.
Hutchins, Charles G. Corliss, Melvin J. Googin, Clinton B. Heath, Frank W.
Dana, Daniel Guptill, John F. Lamb, Benj. Palmer, Silas W. Cook, Albion K.
Ordway, Nahum Morrill, Wm E. Longley, Edward H. Kimball, Geo. W.
Metcalf, Everett E. Read, Wm Dixon, Anson O. Wight, Thos Casson, Arthur
E. Madison, Geo. L. Read, Henry B. Stearns, Wm A. Haines, Benj. B.
Bradford, Anson Gilman, Warren E. Riker, Geo. W. Proctor, Fred A. Hall,
Alvin T. Neal, Hiram A. Morrell, Chas H. Osgood, Chester M. Lord, David
Williams, David P. Field, Henry H. Hanson, Fred S. Weymouth, Levi
Greenleaf, John Harper, William Olfene, Charles Davis, Orrin A. Horr, Geo.
H. Harris, Isaiah Merrill, Frank E. Sleeper, Wm H. Newell, Leonard C.
Moore, Frank L. Noble, Wm Dickey, Henry A. Torsey, Horace C. Little,
Frank G. Ham, Chas H. Hinckley, Wm Entwistle, Jos. H. Day, Chas W.
Dexter, Chas S. Crowell, Geo. M. Coombs, Rufus Carr, Sewell H. Bagley,
Thomas W. Murch, Marshall Emery, John T. Hale, Thomas F. Palmer. The
canton has a drill corps of 34 members and three officers, which has been
thoroughly trained, under the direction of Major Brabson. At a tournament
at Cincinnati, July 26, 1888, participated in by drill corps throughout the
country, they won the sixth prize, which was a banner, valued at $300, a
purse of $200, and a gold medal valued at $100.

Sahattus River Lodge, No. 21, I. 0. 0. jP., Lisbofi,^ was instituted March
17, 1874, by G. M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by W. F. Garcelon, D. G. M., Geo.
A. Callahan, G. S., Daniel l^ucas, G. G., I. Hicks, G. M. The charter mem-
bers were A. Callahan, J. M. Corbett, Thomas Judd, C. H. Keopka, John
Marsden, F. H. Amback, E. M. Shaw, G. L. Stone. The officers installed
at the first meeting were E. M. Shaw, N. G.; F. H. Amback, V. G.; J. M.
Corbett, Treas. ; William Sheehan, Sec. From its organization Sabattus River
Lodge has added constantly to its membership, and is socially and financially
one of the best lodges of the order in the state. There are 109 members in good
standing. The lodge owns its hall building, purchased in 1875, and valued at
$2,000, has a paraphernalia second to none in Maine and valued at $500, and
has a handsome amount in its treasury, with a large sum in investments.
Past Grands — Augustus Callahan, E. M. Shaw, F. H. Amback, Wm Sheehan,
N. J. Shaw, G. R. Avery, John Willard, A. H. Macurda, J. C. Moore, N. J.
Wedgwood, M.D., A. Wakefield, Wm H. Miles, Frank Miles, Simeon Stone,
Harrison Glidden, Thomas Douglass, A. W. Potter, M.D., H. G. Spear, Frank

1 By C. A. Jordan, Secretary.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 271

A. Jordan, H. P. Thompson, R. G. Greene, B. F. Thorn, Virgil Crockett, W.
D. Byrnes, E. T. Smith, C. H. Foster, M. D. Oiificers, December, 1890:
Charles Slater, N. G.; Frank Haley, V. G. ; Charles A. Jordan, Sec; Arthur
Wakefield, Treas.

Monami Lodge ^ No. ^O, L 0. 0. F., MecJianic Falls. — This lodge was insti-
tuted by G. M. F. N. Laughton and other grand officers, November 20, 1874,
at J. A. Bucknam's hall. In the previous September Alvin Reed, Charles
Dwinal, F. A. Millett, G. L, Reed, and D. N. McCann held an informal meet-
ing to consider the propriety of an organization. Their petition for a charter
was granted, and the lodge entered upon a career of continued prosperity.
A. C. Denison, A. J. Weston, C, M, Cram, A. L. Gaubert, Luther Perkins,
J. H. Fernald, Charles Lane, J. I. Martin, D. B. Perry, J. W. Pray, J. J.
Bucknam, and D. F. Cummings were accepted and instructed in the degrees
at the first meeting. The first officers were: Alvin Reed, N. G. ; D.N.
McCann, V. G.; G. L. Reed, Sec; Wm Whitney, Treas.; C. H. Dwinal, W.;
F. A. Millett, C; D. F. Cummings, O. G.; John Pray, L G.; A. J. Weston,
R. S. N. G.; A. L. Gaubert, L. S. N. G. ; D. B. Perry, R. S. V. G.; Charles
Lane, L. S. V. G.; J. I. Martin, R. S. S.; J. J. Bucknam, L. S. S. In 1888
the lodge had 211 members in good standing, and owned real estate and other
property to the amount of i<3,000. This membership had increased to 223 in
April, 1891. During ten years prior to 1888 it relieved 161 brothers, paid out
for sick benefits 14,182, for burying the dead |2,200, and to widows 11,800.
Colfax Lodge, No. 27, Daughters of Rebekah, connected with this lodge, is in
a flourishing condition. Among the officers, June, 1891, are: R. C. Mayberry,
N. G.; A. B. Clapp, V. G.; E. K. Holbrook, R. Sec; O. H. Guptil, P. Sec;
Z. Lane, Treas.; A. S. Ellsworth, W.; C. P. Lawrence, C; F. Newport, Chap. ;
F. A. Millett, M.; Geo. E. Moore, L. The Past Grands are Alvin Reed, A.
Lewis Gaubert, George L. Reed, Palmer T. Murray, Nathaniel Gammon,
Hiram Perkins, David F. Cummings, Charles F. Brown, Herbert A. Gerry,
Addison E. True, Albert V. Hathaway, Frank E. Thurlow, E. F. Bradford,
T. D. Sale, O. H. Guptill, C. H. Dwinal, Andrew J. Weston, F. A. Millett,
John W. Pray, Calvin M. Cram, Dimon B. Perry, John F. Briggs, Jesse M.
Libby, Luther Perkins, John E. Saunders, George W. Bobbins, J. K. Denning,
W. W. Dennen, Ernest K. Holbrook, Charles Lane, George Andrews.

Orion Encampment, No. 27., I. 0. 0. F.., Mechanic Falh. — November 20,
1878, Orion Encampment was instituted by G. C. P. E. C. Chamberlain,
assisted by other grand officers, a charter having been granted on the petition
of G. L. Reed, F. A. Millett, E. A. Gammon, Wm Whitney, Hiram Perkins,
J. J. Bucknam, D. B. Perry, I. A. Denison, P. T. Murray, and W. M. Green-
leaf. The first officers were: G. L. Reed, C. P.; F. A. Millett, H. P.; P. T.
Murray, S. W.; J. J. Bucknam, J. W.; W. M. Greenleaf, Scribe; Hiram
Perkins, Treas. The encampment has grown steadily from its organization,

272 History of Androscoggin County.

and is now in a prosperous condition with sixty members. The officers for
term ending June 30, 1891 are: O. H. Guptill, C. P.; A. V. Hathaway, H. P.;
A. E. True, S. W. ; A. B. Clapp, J. W.; L. W. Mason, Scribe; J. J. Bucknam,
Treas. ; II. C. Mayberry, G.; Charles Lawrence, I. S.; W. E. Morton, O. S.
The past chief patriarchs are: George L. Reed, F. A. Millett, Dimon B. Perry,
Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf, P. D. Herrick, Luther
Perkins, A. J. Weston, A. L. Gaubert, E. A. Thomas, G. W. Robbins, S. T.
Rowe, F. E. Thurlow, A. V. Hathaway, H. E. Thurston. The Past High
Priests are: Frank A. Millett, Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf,
John W. Pray, E. A. Thomas, A. E. True, W. W. Dennen.

Livermore Falls Lodge., No. 83, I. 0. 0. F., East Livermore, was organized
June 9, 1881, with these charter members: David Cargill, D. F. Blount, A. B.
Swift, H. H. Dyke, O. A. Barker, Granville Richmond, J. F. Lamb, S. E.
Perkins, J. W. Dunham. The first officers were: David Cargill, N. G.; John
W. Dunham, V. G.; D. F. Blount, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; O. A. Barker,
W.; C. B. Knapp, C; J. F. Lamb, R. S. S.; C. F. Brown, L. S. S.; H. W.
Bailey, I. G. ; W. S. Francis, O. G.; A. B. Swift, R. S. N. G.; H. H. Dyke,
L. S. N. G.; S. E. Perkins, R. S. V. G. ; R. W. Weed, L. S. V. G. The first
year 27 joined the lodge, 15 during the second year, 16 in the third, nine in
the fourth, 12 in the fifth, 20 in the sixth, 11 in the seventh, 12 in the eighth,
and in its ninth year 37 became members. The membership March, 1891, was
148. The officers then were: C. H. Dean, N. G.; F. H. Foss, V. G.; C. H.
Gibbs, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; Alfred Riggs, W. ; J. Ridley, Con.; A. S.
Wyman, R. S. S.; C. H. Thurston, L. S. S.; F. A. Millett, I. G. ; S. Smith,

0. G.; C. P. Brown, R. S. N. G. ; R. J. Mitchell, L. S. N. G.; Carroll D.
Cargill, R. S. V. G.; F. A. Wendell, L. S. V. G.; David Cargill, Chap. Past
Grands — l>Ay-i& Cargill, J. W. Dunham, R. W. Weld, F. A. Millett, H. E.
Haines, James Ridley, C. H. Gibbs, H. C. Burcely, E. C. Dow, C. E. Knight,

1. T. Monroe, Wilder Pettingill. The lodge has had a most prosperous
existence, and has erected Odd Fellows Block on Depot street. This block,
an ornament to the village, cost 17,000, is 70 x 40 feet in size, and has three
stories; the first one contains two stores, which, with the two suites of rooms
in the second story, are rented, while the third is devoted to lodge purposes.
The hall was dedicated June 11, 1891.

Worumho Lodfie, No. 107, 1. 0. 0. F., Lisbon Falls,^ was instituted in Masonic
Hall, Parkin's Block, June 25, 1884, by J. Henry Crockett, G. M., assisted
by R. B. Capen, G. W., Joshua Davis, G. Sec, Stephen K. Dyer, G. Treas.,
Wm E. Plummer, G. M., and Geo. W. Goss, D. D. G. M. Its charter mem-
bers were: Simeon Stone, N. G. ; Wm E. Stevens, V. G.; Benj. F. Thorn, Sec;
Thos C. Rogers, Treas.; Geo. H. Lanaaster, Geo. D. Frost, Geo. R. Foster, A.
D, Sawyer, Jeremiah Philbrook, A. T. Bibber, Chas E. Applehy, Jas E. Berry,

1 By William Parkin, Secretary.

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 273

Frank Maines, E. C Tarr, Luke B. Taylor, Chas IT. Keopka, and Harris Gins-
burg. Names in italics are those of Past Grands. Having been very prosperous
both financially and in other ways, April 3, 1889, the lodge removed from
Masonic Hall into the large hall adjoining, which they leased for seven years,
and furnished to the satisfaction of every member. At this date (July 23,
1890,) the lodge is in a flourishing condition, with the following named
members admitted since its institution : L. L. Barrell, Wm Maines, Geo. E.
I'hilbrook, Frank A. Coombs, Vincent A. Hogan, G. Eugene Robbins, TFm //.
Foster, Elmer E. Gordon, W. T. Brodmerckel, Geo. W. Pratt, Reuben Harmon,
A. D. Holmes, Jas H. Eaton, Edward 31. Holland, Jno. S. Randall, Wm
Gyngell, Thos B. Brooks, Joseph H. Rabner, Jas S. Sakind, Albert Risska, Jas
H. Eacott, Walter E. Plummer, W/n A. Brimijout, Moses Sheehy, Geo. H.
White, Ofis S. Whife, Geo. W. Beal, Jas A. Beal, Frank Wagner, Chas F.
Hackett, Wm Schellsmidt, Geo. E. ILtskins, Fred W. Jordan, Clarence L. Proc-
tor, Geo. W. Keene, Geo. W. Curtis, Alden A. Appleby, Joshua Wakley, Fred
F. Prosser, G. E. Reynolds, Jno. M. Dennison, Frank L. Smith, Willard Jones,
Benj. F. Leavitt, Jno. C. French, Robert L. Dwelley, Herbert E. Lombard,
Wm Parkin, Lorenzo D. Libby, E. R, Campbell, C. E. Huskins, L. Irving Phil-
brook, Boothroyd Fearnley, Geo. A. Prosser, Harry H. Severin, Herbert W.
Pike, and Fred E. Crosman. Meetings are held on Wednesday evenings.
The officers installed January 14, 1891, were: B. F. Leavitt, N. G.; Wm
Parkin, V. G. ; W. E. Stevens, Sec; F. C. Rogers, Treas.; C. E. Huskins, W.
L. I. Philbrook,C.; W. H. Foster, R. S. N. G.; B. Fearnley, L. S. N. G.; O. S.
White, R. S. V. G.; Geo. N. Pratt, L. S. V. G.; W. Jones, R. S. S. C. ; F.
Hackett, L. S. S.; G. E. Reynolds, Chap.; L. D. Libby, O. G.; H. E. Lombard,
I. G. ; W. E. Stevens, W. A.Brimijoin, C). S. White, Trustees.

Androseoijiiln Lodge, No. 24, I- 0. 0. F., Auburn,^ was organized under a
dispensation of the Grand Lodge in Febrnary, 1845, with these charter
members: Alonzo Garcelon, Temple Tibbetts, George W. Foss, Freeman
Newell, S. P. Gorham, Wm R. Frye, Edward P. Weston, Nelson B. Reynolds,
W. R. French, C-harles Clark, Daniel B. Hawk, James F. Davis, John Herrick,
John H. Durgin, Joel Lane, Samuel Stetson, Isaac C. Thompson, James
Dingley. The charter is dated May 2, 1845. Edward P. Weston was elected
the first Noble Grand. He was a graduate of Bowdoin College, of the class of
1849, and principal of Lewiston Falls Academy. He was afterwards state
superintendent of schools, principal of Gorham Seminary and Little Blue
School of Farmington. He died in Chicago, where he was president of a
college. He was one of the best educators in Maine. Dr A. Garcelon, Hon.
Wm R. Frye, Rev. W. R. French, and others, were extensively known, and
the lodge commenced under favorable circumstances. Many applications were
soon sent in; quite a number from adjoining towns. Several came from

1 By H. G. Garcelon.

274 History of Androscoggin County.

Canton and Durham, and Lewiston was equally represented with Auburn.
The lodge soon became a strong one, and has always been regarded one of the
best in the state. Past (^rnw^s — Edward P. Weston, Frank W. Brooks,
George W. Bumpus, George W. Curtis, James Dingley, George L. Duston,
Richard Dresser, Clarence A. Davis, Ira W. Fitz, Horatio G. Garcelon, Lewis
W. Haskell, John T. Hale, Rev. James J. Hall, Frank M. Jordan, Charles A.
Jordan, Horace G. Kingsley, Josiah P. Longley, Edmund Libby, A. P. Lamb,
Thomas Littlefield, Frank L. Lowell, Nahum Morrill, R. M. Mason, S. P.
Miller, Franklin Martin, Clark Mitchell, Rev. Jason Marriner, Henry W.
Oakes, O. C. Phillips, Merritt L Paine, John Read, Levi N. Smith, L. M.
Starbird, L. L. Small, E. G. Spofford, Benjamin L. Tuttle, Albert E. Verrill,
Dr L. P. Woodbury, Daniel Wood, George W. Yeaton, Clarence Young,
Roscoe P. Wood, Frank C. Currier. Permanent Secretaries — Benjamin Dunn,
H. G. Garcelon, J. M. Steadman, Joseph Littlefield, F. M. Brooks, George W.
Bumpus. Mr Dunn served 12 years, Garcelon 10 years. Brooks 11 years.
Bumpus has held the place since 1885. Treasurers — Wm S. Young, J. P.
Longley, F. M. Jordan, Daniel Wood, James Dingley, L. W. Haskell, Frank
A. Rendall. Recording Secretaries — James G. Read, John Read, Dana Goff,
A. T. Bean, C. C. Frost, F. W. Gamage, W. H. Foss, H. G. Garcelon, A. M.
Peables, O. C. Phillips, John March, H. A. Thompson, N. B. Reynolds, F. M.
Jordan, C. F. Dunlap, Philip Briggs, J. F. Davis, Henry M. Sprague, L. L.
Small, A. E. Verrill, Clarence Chase, George L. Duston. Since the lodge was
organized it has had about 700 members, and now has (1890) 400. It has
changed its place of meeting several times. For the last few years it has been
located in Goff Block, the lodge leasing the entire upper story when it was
built, and it was finished under its direction, so they have fine and convenient
accommodations, and a long lease of them. Tliis hall is sublet to the other
lodges of the order. The relief Androscoggin Lodge has afforded in times of
sickness has been a great blessing to brethren when pecuniary aid was needed,
and also when a few kind words and a warm grasp of the hand, with a " God
bless you, my brother," has brought joy and comfort to the sick and affiicted.
The words of a visiting brother Odd Fellow have often been like "aj)ples of
gold in pictures of silver."

JIi(/her Officers froin this Lodge. — P. G. John Read has held the office
of Grand Master of the Grand Lodge and Grand Representative to the
Sovereign Grand Lodge. P. G. Dr L. P. Woodbury holds an office in
the Grand Encampment. P. G. H. G. Garcelon has been Grand Chaplain of
the Grand Lodge. P. G. Read is secretary of Odd Fellows' Mutual Relief
Association.

Most of the old members have gone to their immortality. Their record
has been made up. Tliey ever had the respect of the community at large.
The influence they imparted to the lodge endures, and the good deeds it has

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 275

done, and the virtues it has inculcated have been in line with the principles of
the order, and it has always stood well with the lodges of the state.

Aboii Ben Adhem Lodge, No. 23, I. 0. 0. F., Auburn.^ — Although this
lodge is the youngest of this order in this vicinity, its organization and
subsequent work make it worthy a place beside any kindred organization in
this city, and it has had a marked influence in bringing the order to the high
position it occupies in Auburn and Lewiston. In 1872 Odd Fellowship was
almost unknown to the writer, he knowing, like many others, that such an
order existed, but being entirely ignorant of its aims find purposes. At that
time Lewiston and Auburn had but one lodge each, and such low ebb had the
order touched that Androscoggin Lodge, of Auburn, held its meetings in Odd
Fellows Hall, Lewiston. With such a state of affairs, it is but reasonable to
suppose that some residents of Auburn joined Manufacturers and Mechanics
Lodge who would have connected themselves with Androscoggin Lodge had it
met in Auburn. The writer was one of that number, but in looking back he
feels quite satisfied that he was ignorant of the situation, for it has enabled
him to assist in a work that otherwise would have fallen to another. About
this time the members of the order seemed to awake from their lethargy.
Androscoggin Lodge began to agitate a return to its original home, new life
seemed to be given it, a deeper interest soon prevailed, and, as a result, rooms
were leased in Phoenix Block, Auburn, and a hall fitted up, which was
considered second to none in the state. Li the fall of 1873 the Lewiston
brethren felt the need of another lodge in Lewiston to such an extent that
enough members of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge and Androscoggin
Lodge withdrew from their respective lodges and formed Golden Rule Lodge.
This is mentioned to show the rapid strides taken by the order inside of three
years, and how, indirectly, the above events aided the organization of this
lodge and are closely allied with its formation. With this addition of a lodge
and a rapidly increasing membership, it seemed possible to some of the
brethren of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge who resided in Auburn, to
add greater interest to the order and a contribution to its membership by
forming another lodge in Auburn. A few of them had been quietly at work
for some time to accomplish this object, which was at first met by opposition
and thought to be downright folly by those who opposed it. They argued
that in a city which so short a time before could not support even one lodge,
a second could but be a failure. It sometimes happens, however, that the
greater the opposition, the more complete the success. It was so in this case.
To C. M. Lander, Enoch Perkins, Geo. B. Briggs, and Chas S. Yeaton must be
given, in a large measure, the credit for the existence of Abou Ben Adhem
Lodge. They were residents of Auburn and believed in Auburn institutions.
They met opposition with one answer: "We are bound to have another lodge."

1 By Charles S. Yeaton, P. G.

276 History of Androscoggin County.

The sympathies of seven brothers of Androscoggin Lodge were enlisted, who,
in conjunction with the 15 from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, were
able to present quite a strong petition to the grand